Atlas of cardiac surgical techniques PDF
Preview Atlas of cardiac surgical techniques
Atlas of Cardiac Surgical Techniques Second Edition Frank W. Sellke, MD Karl Karlson & Gloria Karlson Professor of Surgery Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University; Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery Director, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute Rhode Island Hospital Providence, Rhode Island Marc Ruel, MD, MPH Professor Michael Pitfield Chair Head, Division of Cardiac Surgery University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 ATLAS OF CARDIAC SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, SECOND EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-46294-5 Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyright © 2010. ISBN: 978-0-323-46294-5 Publisher: Russell Gabbedy Content Development Specialist: Lisa M. Barnes Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Project Manager: Kate Mannix Design Direction: Ryan Cook Illustrations Manager: Karen Giacomucci Artists: Giovanna Santoni, CMI; Jason McAlexander, MPS NA LLC Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Arvind K. Agnihotri, MD Munir Boodhwani, MD, MMSc Steward Center for Advanced Cardiac Surgery Assistant Professor Division of Cardiac Surgery Director of Thoracic Aortic Program St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center Division of Cardiac Surgery Boston, Massachusetts University of Ottawa Heart Institute Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Aortic Valve Repair Gorav Ailawadi, MD Professor of Surgery Vincent Chan, MD, MPH Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Director, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery University of Ottawa Health Institute; Surgical Director, Advanced Cardiac Valve Center School of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Preventive University of Virginia Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia University of Ottawa Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Techniques Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Mitral Valve Replacement Mani Arsalan, MD Kerckhoff Heart Center Michael W.A. Chu, MD Department of Cardiac Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Bad Nauheim, Germany Department of Surgery Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Western University London Health Sciences Centre Gurjyot Bajwa, MD London, Ontario, Canada Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: Partial Sternotomy Joseph S. Coselli, MD Approach Professor and Cullen Foundation Endowed Chair Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Craig J. Baker, MD Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Baylor College of Medicine; Department of Surgery Chief of the Section of Adult Cardiac Surgery Keck School of Medicine The Texas Heart Institute University of Southern California CHI St. Luke’s Health–Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center Los Angeles, California Houston, Texas Ross Procedure Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Joseph E. Bavaria, MD Garrett Coyan, MD, MS Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania UPMC Presbyterian Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic Ventricular Assistance and Support Aortic and Aortic Arch Aneurysms François Dagenais, MD Johannes Bonatti, MD, FETCS Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Chief, Heart and Vascular Institute Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Laval University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Quebec City, Quebec, Canada Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Type A Aortic Dissections iii iv Contributors Jolian Dahl, MD Jacqueline H. Fortier, MSc Cardiothoracic Surgery Resident Division of Cardiac Surgery University of Virginia University of Ottawa Heart Institute Charlottesville, Virginia Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Techniques Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Tirone E. David, MD Ravi K. Ghanta, MD Professor of Surgery Associate Professor of Surgery University of Toronto; Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Attending Surgeon Baylor College of Medicine Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Houston, Texas Toronto General Hospital Surgery for Left Ventricular Aneurysm and Remodeling Toronto, Ontario, Canada Aortic Valve-Sparing Operations Vincenzo Giambruno, MD Division of Cardiac Surgery Walter F. DeNino, MD Department of Surgery Maine Medical Center Western University Portland, Maine London Health Sciences Centre Aortic Arch Aneurysms London, Ontario, Canada Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Sophie De Roock, MD Medical Officer A. Marc Gillinov, MD Quality and Outcomes Heart and Vascular Institute University of Ottawa Heart Institute Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Cleveland Clinic Approaches and Techniques for Extracorporeal Membrane Cleveland, Ohio Oxygenation Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery; Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation John R. Doty, MD David Glineur, MD Intermountain Heart Institute Division of Cardiac Surgery Intermountain Medical Center University of Ottawa Heart Institute Murray, Utah Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Approaches and Techniques for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Afshin Ehsan, MD Associate Professor Andrew B. Goldstone, MD Department of Surgery Postdoctoral Research Fellow Warren Alpert Medical School Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Brown University; Stanford University Director of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Palo Alto, California Rhode Island Hospital Repairing Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease Providence, Rhode Island Aortic Valve Replacement Juan B. Grau, MD Division of Cardiac Surgery Gebrine El Khoury, MD University of Ottawa Heart Institute Professor Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Saint-Luc Hospital Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Bruxelles, Belgium Aortic Valve Repair Dustin Hang, MD Research Fellow Elsayed Elmistekway, MD Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Mayo Clinic University of Ottawa Heart Institute Rochester, Minnesota Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Surgery for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Tricuspid Valve Operations Contributors v Faisal Hasan, MD S. Ram Kumar, MD, PhD Interventional Cardiologist Division of Cardiac Surgery Heart and Vascular Institute Department of Surgery Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Keck School of Medicine Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of Southern California Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Los Angeles, California Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Ross Procedure Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Joseph Lamelas, MD Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Professor and Associate Chief Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Syed Tarique Hussain, MD Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Assistant Professor of Surgery, Associate Staff Baylor College of Medicine Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery CHI Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center Cleveland Clinic Texas Heart Institute Cleveland, Ohio Houston, Texas Surgery of the Left Heart Valve Infective Endocarditis Minimally Invasive, Mini-Thoracotomy Aortic Valve Replacement John S. Ikonomidis, MD, PhD Scott A. LeMaire, MD Professor and Chief Professor and Vice Chair for Research Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Chapel Hill, North Carolina Baylor College of Medicine; Aortic Arch Aneurysms Cardiovascular Surgery Staff The Texas Heart Institute Hoda Javadikasgari, MD CHI St. Luke’s Health–Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center Heart and Vascular Institute Houston, Texas Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Jessica G.Y. Luc, MS Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery; Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Bob Kiaii, MD Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Division of Cardiac Surgery Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Department of Surgery Western University Abeel A. Mangi, MD London Health Sciences Centre Yale University School of Medicine London, Ontario, Canada Department of Surgery Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Section of Cardiac Surgery New Haven, Connecticut Won-Keun Kim, MD Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Kerckhoff Heart Center Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiology Thierry G. Mesana, MD, PhD Bad Nauheim, Germany President and CEO Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Irving L. Kron, MD Mitral Valve Replacement; Tricuspid Valve Operations Professor and Chair Department of Surgery Stephanie Mick, MD University of Virginia Cardiac Surgeon Charlottesville, Virginia Heart and Vascular Institute Surgery for Left Ventricular Aneurysm and Remodeling Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery vi Contributors Tomislav Mihaljevic, MD Vivek Rao, MD, PhD Heart and Vascular Institute Chief, Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Cleveland Clinic Toronto General Hospital; Cleveland, Ohio Professor Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: Partial Sternotomy Department of Surgery Approach; Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Hlal Moncef, MD Heart Transplantation Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Sajjad Raza, MD Laval University Department of Surgery Quebec City, Quebec, Canada University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Type A Aortic Dissections Cleveland, Ohio Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques Zhaozhou Niu, MD Division of Cardiac Surgery Igo B. Ribeiro, MD, MS(HPEd) University of Ottawa Heart Institute Resident, Division of Cardiac Surgery Ottawa, Ontario, Canada University of Ottawa Heart Institute Mitral Valve Replacement Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Michael J. Paulsen, MD Cardiothoracic Surgery Resident Maria Lorena Rodriguez, MD Postdoctoral Research Fellow Assistant Professor Department of Cardiac Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Stanford University University of Ottawa Palo Alto, California Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Repairing Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Aortic Valve Repair Gӧsta B. Pettersson, MD, PhD Professor of Surgery Fraser D. Rubens, MD, MSc, FACS, FRCS(C) Vice Chairman Professor of Surgery Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Cleveland Clinic University of Ottawa Heart Institute Cleveland, Ohio Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Surgery of the Left Heart Valve Infective Endocarditis Cannulation Techniques for Cardiopulmonary Bypass Ourania Preventza, MD, FACS, MBA Marc Ruel, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Surgery Professor Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Michael Pitfield Chair Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery Head, Division of Cardiac Surgery Baylor College of Medicine; University of Ottawa Heart Institute Cardiovascular Surgery Staff Ottawa, Ontario, Canada The Texas Heart Institute Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; The Texas Heart Institute Mitral Valve Replacement CHI St. Luke’s Health–Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center Houston, Texas Joseph F. Sabik III, MD Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms Department of Surgery University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Dominique Prud’Homme, MD Cleveland, Ohio Chief of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesia Aortic Root Enlargement Techniques Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Hartzell V. Schaff, MD Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Mayo Clinic Cleveland, Ohio Rochester, Minnesota Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Contributors vii Christopher Sciortino, MD, PhD Vaughn A. Starnes, MD Surgical Director of the Advanced Heart Failure Division of Cardiac Surgery Center Department of Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Keck School of Medicine UPMC Heart and Vascular Center University of Southern California University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ross Procedure Ventricular Assistance and Support Ibrahim Sultan, MD Hiroshi Seki, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Yamato Seiwa Hospital University of Pittsburgh Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Surgical Incisions Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic Aortic and Aortic Arch Aneurysms Frank W. Sellke, MD Karl Karlson & Gloria Karlson Professor of Surgery Rakesh M. Suri, MD, DPhil Warren Alpert Medical School Heart and Vascular Institute Brown University; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Chief of Cardiothoracic Surgery Cleveland Clinic Director, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute Cleveland, Ohio Rhode Island Hospital Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery Providence, Rhode Island On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Wilson Y. Szeto, MD Aortic Valve Replacement Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Richard Jay Shemin, MD University of Pennsylvania Robert & Kelly Day Professor University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Professor and Chairman Peen Presbyterian Medical Center Division of Cardiac Surgery Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of California, Los Angeles Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Descending Thoracic Los Angeles, California Aortic and Aortic Arch Aneurysms Bentall Procedure Sharven Taghavi, MD, MPH, MS Neel R. Sodha, MD Clinical Fellow Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Brigham and Women’s Hospital Warren Alpert Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Brown University Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect Repair Providence, Rhode Island On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patrick Teefy, MD Division of Cardiology Edward G. Soltesz, MD Department of Medicine Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Western University Heart and Vascular Institute London Health Sciences Centre Cleveland Clinic London, Ontario, Canada Cleveland, Ohio Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation Hadi Toeg, MD, MSc, MPH, FRCS(C) Kumar Sridhar, MD Division of Cardiac Surgery Division of Cardiology University of Ottawa Heart Institute Department of Medicine Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Western University Cannulation Techniques for Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Approaches and Techniques for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation London Health Sciences Centre London, Ontario, Canada Hybrid Coronary Revascularization viii Contributors Dai Une, MD Y. Joseph Woo, MD Chief, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Norman E. Shumway Professor and Chair of Yamato Seiwa Hospital Cardiothoracic Surgery Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Surgical Incisions Stanford University Palo Alto, California Gus J. Vlahakes, MD Repairing Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease Division of Cardiac Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Cameron D. Wright, MD Boston, Massachusetts Professor of Surgery Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Division of Thoracic Surgery Massachusetts General Hospital Thomas Walther, MD Boston, Massachusetts Kerckhoff Heart Center Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Department of Cardiac Surgery Bad Nauheim, Germany Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Preface The first edition of Atlas of Cardiac Surgical Techniques was very well received, giving trainees and veteran surgeons a quick reference on how some established technical masters perform selected cardiac operations. The Pearls and Pitfalls Section at the end of each chapter gives clinically important details that may be missed in other textbooks, and allows all cardiac surgeons to benefit from the years of experience of established experts, many of whom developed the operations they are describing. Thus, we were especially pleased when we were asked to revise the first edition. Several new techniques have developed since the publication of the first Atlas, such as percutaneous mitral valve repair and transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Other methods, such as aortic valve repair, have become a more standard method to treat aortic valve insufficiency. Chapters on these techniques and others are included in this new edition of the Atlas. Although many chapters are similar to those found in the previous edition, all were rewritten. Several chapters were completely rewritten by new authors, not because the authors of the previous chapters did not do an excellent job, but to give a novel perspective of the surgical treatment of the cardiovascular conditions. Because some operations, such as pulmonary end- arterectomy and surgery for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are only performed routinely in several centers, we decided to include chapters on these operations. Minimally invasive techniques of coronary artery surgery and aortic and mitral valve surgery are emphasized in the new edition. As in the previous edition, the treatment of aortic disease is covered extensively. To make room for new chapters, some old chapters unfortunately had to be deleted. Although the purpose of the Atlas is not to give an exhaustive description of all cardiac operations, the vast majority of adult cardiac operations currently performed are described in sufficient detail to allow young surgeons to learn the techniques and help established surgeons to refine their methods according to experts in the field. The editors of this edition of Atlas of Cardiac Surgical Techniques are indebted to their teachers and surgical colleagues. We hope the second edition will honor the legacy of our teachers and be as well received as was the first edition. Frank W. Sellke, MD Marc Ruel, MD, MPH ix
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