Atlas of Anatomy

762 Pages·2016·186.115 MB·English

by  Anne M Gilroy, Brian R MacPherson et al. (eds.)

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Atlas of Anatomy
Third Edition
Edited by Based on the work of
Anne M.Gilroy, MA Michael Schuenke, MD, PhD
Associate Professor Institute ofAnatomy
Department of Radiology Christian Albrecht University Kiel
University of Massachusetts Medical School Kiel, Germany
Worcester, Massachusetts
Erik Schulte, MD
Brian R.MacPherson, PhD Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy
Professor and Vice-Chair University Medicine
Department ofAnatomy and Neurobiology Johannes Gutenberg University
University of Kentucky College of Medicine Mainz, Germany
Lexington, Kentucky
Udo Schumacher, MD, FRCPath, CBiol, FSB, DSc
Institute ofAnatomy and Experimental Morphology
Centerfor Experimental Medicine
University Cancer Center
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
Hamburg, Germany
Illustrations by
Markus Voll
Karl Wesker
1935 illustrations
Thieme
New York ~ Stuttgart ~ Delhi ~ Rio de janeiro
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President: Brian D.Scanlan instructionsandformsofapplicationsstated inthe book. Everyuseris
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Production Editor: Barbara Chernow nying each drug andtocheck, ifnecessaryin consultationwith a physi-
Compositor:Carol Pierson,ChernowEditorialServices, Inc. cian or specialist, whetherthe dosage schedules mentioned therein or
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releasedonthemarket. Everydosagescheduleoreveryformofapplica-
Names:Gilroy,AnneM.,editor. | MacPherson, Brian R.,editor. | Voll,
tion usedisentirelyattheuser’sownriskandresponsibility.Theauthors
MarkusM., illustrator. | Wesker, Karl, illustrator. | Schuenke, Michael.
and publishers request every userto reportto the publishers any dis-
Thiemeatlasofanatomy. Basedon (work):
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illustrationsbyMarkusVoll, KarlWesker.
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Othertitles:AtlasofAnatomy(Gilroy)
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Description:Thirdedition. | NewYork:Thieme, [2016] | Includesindex.
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Dedication
We dedicate this third edition of
theAtlasofAnatomytothe memory
of Lawrence (“Larry”) Mclvor Ross,
1938-2015. Larry was an outstand-
inganatomistand cherished mentor
and colleague. He started his aca-
demic career in 1968 as a faculty
memberintheDepartmentofAnat-
omy at UTMB — Galveston. After six
years he accepted an appointment
in the Department of Anatomy at
MichiganStateUniversity(MSU)and
remained there until he retired in
2000. Larrywaspassionateaboutmakingadilferenceinthelivesofhisstudents,
however, andcontinuedtoteachasavisiting professoratSt.George’sUniversity
on Grenada in the West Indies for nine years and as an adjunct professor in the
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy at the University ofTexas Medical
School — Houston until 2014. Fellow anatomists admired his dedication as a
memberoftheAmericanAssociation ofClinicalAnatomistswhere heservedthe
associationineverypositionontheExecutiveCouncil.In2015hewashonoredfor
his service to the association with the R. Benton Adkinsjr. Distinguished Service
Award.
Asan academician, Larrywasatrue multidisciplinaryanatomist,teaching histol-
ogy, neuroanatomy, gross anatomy, and embryology to thousands of medical
andgraduatestudentsaswellasnumerousnon-medicalgroups.Asanauthor,he
willberememberedbestforhisworkwithThiemePublishers.From2005to2007
he co-edited the English translation of all three volumes of Prometheus:Atlas
ofAnatomy. Following the critical success ofthe three-volume atlas in English-
speaking countries, he was instrumental in helping Thieme create the concept
forthesingle-volumeAtlasofAnatomy.Thisatlas,nowinitsthirdedition,ishighly
acclaimedin itsown rightand isdistributedworldwideandtranslated inover 14
languages.Ashisco-authors,wearemostgratefultoLarryforhismentorship.He
was responsible for bringing us onto the project and into the world ofmedical
publications. Wefeel personallyindebtedforall he didforus, andwillfondlyre-
memberhimasagreatmentor,friend,andcolleague.
AnneandBrian

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Spinal Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..4O
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv Spinal Cord Segments8.Spinal Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..42 jsao1juqan1u_o_|_)
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Arteries8.VeinsoftheSpinal Cord . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..44
Prefacetothe FirstEdition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii NeurovascularTopographyofthe Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..46
5 Sectional & Radiographic Anatomy
RadiographicAnatomyofthe Back(I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..48
4Q N
RadiographicAnatomyofthe Back(ll) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5O
1 .
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1 Surface Anatomy
SurfaceAnatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Thorax
2 Bones, Ligaments &joints
6 Surface Anatomy
Vertebral Column: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Vertebral Column: Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 SurfaceAnatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Cervical Vertebrae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
Thoracic8. LumbarVertebrae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7 Thoracic Wall
Sacrum&Coccyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
ThoracicSkeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Intervertebral Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 14
Sternum& Ribs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58
jointsoftheVertebral Column:Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
jointsoftheThoracicCage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
jointsoftheVertebral Column:Craniovertebral Region .... 18
ThoracicWall Muscle Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Vertebral Ligaments: Overview8.Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . 20
Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 64
Vertebral Ligaments:ThoracolumbarSpine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Neurovasculature ofthe Diaphragm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Arteries&VeinsoftheThoracicWall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3 Muscles
NervesoftheThoracicWall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Musclesofthe Back: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 NeurovascularTopographyoftheThoracicWall . . . . . . . . . . 72
IntrinsicMusclesoftheCervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Female Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
IntrinsicMusclesofthe Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lymphaticsofthe Female Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Muscle Facts (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 30
Muscle Facts (II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 32 8 Thoracic Cavity
Muscle Facts (III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 34
DivisionsoftheThoracicCavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ArteriesoftheThoracicCavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4 Neurovasculature
VeinsoftheThoracicCavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Arteries&Veinsofthe Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 LymphaticsoftheThoracicCavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Nervesofthe Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 NervesoftheThoracicCavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
vii
9 Mediastinum Musclesofthe PosteriorAbdominal Wall 8. Diaphragm ... 146
AbdominalWall Muscle Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 148
Mediastinum: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
inguinal Region 8.Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 150
Mediastinum: Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SpermaticCord, Scrotum 8.Testis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Heart: Functionsand Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AnteriorAbdominal Wall 8. lnguinal Hernias . . . . . . . . . . .. 154
Pericardium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heart: Surfaces8.Chambers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 14
Abdominal Cavity 8. Spaces
Heart:Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arteries8.Veinsofthe Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DivisionsoftheAbdominopelvicCavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
TCooantbenltesf Conduction 8. Innervation ofthe Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peritoneal Cavity8.GreaterSac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Pre-8. Postnatal Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omental Bursa, orLesserSac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mesenteries8. PosteriorWall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Neurovasculatureofthe Esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lymphaticsofthe Mediastinum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 15 Internal Organs
Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
10 Pulmonary Cavities
Duodenum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 166
PulmonaryCavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . jejunum 8. lleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168
Pleuraz Subdivisions, Recesses8. Innervation . . . . . . . . . Cecum, Appendix8.Colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 170
Lungs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liver: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 172
BronchopulmonarySegmentsofthe Lungs . . . . . . . . . . Liver: Lobes8.Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Trachea 8.BronchialTree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gallbladder8. Bile Ducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 176
RespiratoryMechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pancreas8.Spleen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
PulmonaryArteries8.Veins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kidneys8.Suprarenal Glands(I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 180
NeurovasculatureoftheTracheobronchialTree . . . . . . . Kidneys8.Suprarenal Glands(II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 182
Lymphaticsofthe Pleural Cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Neurovasculature
11 Sectional 8. RadiographicAnatomy
ArteriesoftheAbdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Sectional AnatomyoftheThorax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AbdominalAorta 8. RenalArteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
RadiographicAnatomyoftheThorax(I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . CeliacTrunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188
RadiographicAnatomyoftheThorax(ll) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Superior8.InferiorMesentericArteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
RadiographicAnatomyoftheThorax(III) . . . . . . . . . . . . VeinsoftheAbdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 192
InferiorvenaCava 8. RenalVeins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Portal Vein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 196
Superior8.InferiorMesentericVeins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
LymphaticsoftheAbdominal Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
ll Lymph Nodesofthe PosteriorAbdominal Wall . . . . . . . . . . 202
Lymph NodesoftheSupracolicOrgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Lymph Nodesofthe InfracolicOrgans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
NervesoftheAbdominalWall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 208
HI
Autonomic Innervation: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
_ ‘i -4-ff”
.... ,.._,. ll. Autonomic Plexuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
‘ri- Innervation oftheAbdominal Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 214
Abdomen ;_. ‘i. ,.
Innervation ofthe intestines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
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7 Sectional 8. RadiographicAnatomy
12 Surface Anatomy
Sectional AnatomyoftheAbdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
SurfaceAnatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RadiographicAnatomyoftheAbdomen (I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
RadiographicAnatomyoftheAbdomen (II) . . . . . . . . . . .. 222
13 Abdominal Wall
BonyFrameworkfortheAbdominalWall . . . . . . . . . . . .
MusclesoftheAnterolateral AbdominalWall . . . . . . . . .
V