Atlas of Acquired Cardiovascular Disease Imaging in Children

154 Pages·2017·14.48 MB·English

by  Randy Ray Richardson

Randy Ray Richardson
Atlas of Acquired
Cardiovascular Disease
Imaging in Children
123
Atlas of Acquired Cardiovascular Disease
Imaging in Children
Randy Ray Richardson
Atlas of Acquired
Cardiovascular Disease
Imaging in Children
Randy Ray Richardson, MD
St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center
Creighton School of Medicine
Phoenix , AZ , USA
ISBN 978-3-319-44113-9 ISBN 978-3-319-44115-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-44115-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016951448
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
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I dedicate this book to the many patients and families
of those suffering from acquired heart disease. These people
spend countless hours in hospitals, clinics, and waiting rooms
for seemingly endless procedures and treatments in the hopes
of a full recovery and normal life. I will never forget my
interaction with a 3-year-old boy after his transplant.
He came to our department for a feeding tube to be placed
under fl uoroscopic guidance. His mother was by his side and
he faced the uncomfortable procedure bravely. Unfortunately,
among other problems, his midgut was malrotated and the
placement of the feeding tube was diffi cult. He quietly moaned
and cried as I attempted many times to position the tube in the
duodenum. What should have been a 1–2 min procedure turned
into a 30 min ordeal. By the time I fi nally got the tube in I was
tired and sweating and felt terrible about making him
so uncomfortable for such a long period of time. I just wanted
to leave the fl uoroscopy suite as quickly as possible. I explained
to the mother that the feeding tube was ready to use and began to
leave when the mother called to me. She said “excuse me,
Doctor, my son wants to say something to you.” I turned and
walked back over to the boy who was standing on the table.
As I approached this young boy with staples and wires still
visible from his surgery, he reached out and gave me a hug
and told me “thank you, I love you.” I am still in disbelief
and awe that this young boy could show gratitude and love
in the face of the ordeal I had just put him through. I salute
the many patients and families who tolerate their treatments
with such grace.
May God bless you all,
Randy Ray Richardson, MD
Pref ace
The A tlas of Acquired Cardiovascular Disease Imaging is a concise visual
guide to the imaging of acquired heart disease in infants, children, and ado-
lescents. Imaging plays an ever-increasing vital role in diagnosis, preopera-
tive planning, and postoperative management for children with acquired heart
disease. With a concerted effort to decrease health care costs, it is important
to understand the role of each imaging modality in order to minimize
unneeded duplication or overlap of diagnostic information. The book, there-
fore, focuses on the utilization of advanced imaging for pediatric patients
with acquired heart disease distinct from adult patients, with an emphasis on
techniques for lowering radiation, protocols for imaging in children, and rec-
ommendations for most appropriate studies that should decrease the time and
cost of imaging these patients. Acquired heart disease in the pediatric popula-
tion covers a wide variety of disease entities that are relatively rare. We feel
fortunate to have accumulated advanced imaging studies for infants, children,
and adolescents with acquired heart disease over the years to be able to share.
Our hope is that this information may be used to teach physicians in training
who are interested in the fi elds of pediatrics, cardiology, and radiology and as
a review for physicians studying for maintenance of certifi cation and board
exams. We also feel that this book will stimulate new ideas for imaging in
children by the many physicians caring for these patients that will continue to
improve and evolve the quality and safe treatment of this subset of patients
with acquired heart disease.
I want to give credit to the wide variety of physicians who have contrib-
uted to this publication through regular conferences, discussions, lectures,
and research collaboration:
Ernerio Alboliras, MD
Shabib Alhadheri, MD
Deepti Bhat, MD
Kevin Brady, MD
Karim Diab, MD
David Cleveland, MD
Erik Ellsworth, MD
Randall Fortuna, MD
David Frakes, PhD
Pankaj Jain, MD
Olga Kalinkin, MD
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viii Preface
Lawrence (Larney) Lilien, MD
Dan Miga, MD
Hursh Naik, MD
John Nigro, MD
Jonathan Plascencia, PhD
Stephen Pophal, MD
Edward Rhee, MD
Mitchell Ross, MD
Justin Ryan, PhD
Janet Strife, MD
Eunice Yoon, MD
Phoenix, AZ Randy Ray Richardson
Contents
1 Imaging Modalities: Advantages and Disadvantages ................ 1
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2 Cardiac CT and MR Imaging Techniques .................................. 5
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3 Three-Dimensional Models in the Diagnosis
and Treatment of Acquired Heart Disease ................................. 11
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4 Marfan Syndrome ......................................................................... 17
Trent Davis and Randy Ray Richardson
5 Williams Syndrome ....................................................................... 25
Trent Davis and Randy Ray Richardson
6 Acquired Heart Disease in Children from Vasculitides:
Kawasaki Disease and Takayasu Arteritis .................................. 31
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7 Myocarditis .................................................................................... 39
Erin Birmingham and Randy Ray Richardson
8 Endocarditis................................................................................... 47
Erin Birmingham and Randy Ray Richardson
9 Pericarditis ..................................................................................... 53
Erin Birmingham and Randy Ray Richardson
10 Constrictive Pericarditis ............................................................... 59
Erin Birmingham and Randy Ray Richardson
11 Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease........................ 67
Erin Birmingham and Randy Ray Richardson
12 Invasive Mediastinal Mucormycosis ........................................... 75
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13 Cardiac Trauma ............................................................................ 79
Ryan Franke and Randy Ray Richardson
14 Normal Variants That May Mimic Pathology ............................ 87
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x Contents
15 Cardiac Lipoma ............................................................................ 91
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16 Rhabdomyoma .............................................................................. 95
Craig Johnson and Randy Ray Richardson
17 Rhabdomyosarcoma ..................................................................... 99
Craig Johnson and Randy Ray Richardson
18 Cardiac Fibroma ........................................................................... 103
Keshav Anand and Randy Ray Richardson
19 Cardiac Myxoma ........................................................................... 107
Keshav Anand and Randy Ray Richardson
20 Cardiac Teratoma ......................................................................... 111
Keshav Anand and Randy Ray Richardson
21 Pediatric Cardiac Metastases ....................................................... 115
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22 Intracardiac Thrombus ................................................................ 119
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23 Iatrogenic Complications After Cardiac Surgery ...................... 123
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24 Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ............................................................ 127
Jason McCourt and Randy Ray Richardson
25 Dilated Cardiomyopathy .............................................................. 131
Jason McCourt and Randy Ray Richardson
26 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ................................................... 135
Jason McCourt and Randy Ray Richardson
27 Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy ................................................ 141
Jason McCourt and Randy Ray Richardson
28 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ........................................................ 147
Jason McCourt and Randy Ray Richardson
29 Fibroelastosis ................................................................................. 151
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Index ....................................................................................................... 155
Contributors
Keshav Anand , MD St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix ,
AZ , USA
Erin Birmingham , MD Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
Trent Davis , MD S t. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, P hoenix, A Z, U SA
Ryan Franke , MD St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix , AZ , USA
Craig Johnson , MD St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix ,
AZ , USA
Jason McCourt , MD St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center , Phoenix ,
AZ , USA
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