Athenian Settlements of the Fourth Century B.C.

527 Pages·1995·13.347 MB·English

by  Jack Cargill

ATHENIAN SETTLEMENTS
OF THE FOURTH CENTURY B.C.
BY
JACK CARGILL
E.J. BRILL
LEIDEN · NEW YORK · KÖLN
19'J5
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cargill, Jack.
Athenian settlements of the fourth century B.C. / by Jack Cargill.
p. cm. - (Mnemosyne, bibliotheca classica Batava.
Supplementum, ISSN 0169-8958 ; 145)
lncludes bibliographical ref erences and index.
ISBN 9004099913
1. Greece--Colonies-History. 2. Greeks~olonization-History.
1. Title. II. Series.
DF251.C37 1995
325' .338-dc20 95-7098
CIP
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
[Mnemosyne / Supplementum]
Mnemosyne : bibliotheca classica Batava. Supplementum. -
Leiden ; New York; Köln : Brill.
Früher Schriftenreihe
Reihe Supplementum zu: Mnemosyne
145. Cargill, Jack: Athenian settlements of the fourth century
b.c. - 1995
Cargill, Jack:
Athenian settlements of the fourth century b.c. / by Jack
Cargill. - Leiden ; New York ; Köln : Brill, 1995
(Mnemosyne : Supplementum; 145)
ISBN 9o--04--0999 l-3
ISSN 0 169-8958
ISBN 90 04 09991 3
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PRINfED IN THE NETHERLANDS
For the Cargills of the Arnerican Southwest,
especially Polly, Jerry, Judy, and Debbie
- always there, always loyal, always helpful

CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgements ................................................. IX
Epigraphical Symbols and Other Conventions .... ...... ...... ......... XII
Maps Showing Fourth Century Settlements ............................. XVI
Introduction ........................................................................ ......... XIX
Chapter 1. Chronology of Events Relating to the Fourth Century
Athenian Settlements
1.1. Summary Background on Pre-Fourth Century
Settlements .. ... .. .... ... ... ........... ...... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. 1
1.2. The Thraikian Chersonesos in the Early Fourth
Century ........................................................................... 9
1.3. Lemnos, Imbros, and Skyros to the Makedonian
Conquest... .. ...... .. .. ........ ....... .. . .. .. ..... ... .. .. .. .. ...... ....... .. .. . .. 12
1.4 . Salamis from Aigospotamoi through the Lamian
War................................................................................. 15
1.5. Klerouchs on Samos, ca. 365-322 B.C. ....................... 17
1.6. Poteidaia, Athens, and Philip ....................................... 22
1.7 . The Chersonesos, 360s and After................................ 23
1.8. The Adriatic Apoikiao f 325/ 4 ...................................... 31
1.9. Expulsions and Relocations of 322-321 B.C. .............. 34
1.9a. NOTE ON SOURCES: ATHENS, SAMOS,
AND THE EXILES DECREE .................................... 40
1.10. Islands of Independent Athenians ................................ 42
Chapter 2. Personnel of the Fourth Century Athenian Settlements
2.1. Athenians as a Group ................................................... 59
2.2. Non-Athenians, Considered Collectively ..................... 66
2.3. Individuals, Considered Statistically ............................. 77
Table 1. Basic Categories in Database .................... 79
Table 2. Possible 4C Residents ................................ 80
Table 3. Possible Late Residents .............................. 81
2.4. Individuals: Adriatic, Unknown and Uncertain
Locations, Poteidaia, Chersonesos.... .. ...... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. . .. 85
2.5. Individuals: Lemnos .................................................... ... 92
2.6. Individuals: Imbros ........................................................ 99
2. 7. Individuals: Skyros ........ .. ... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. ..... .. ... .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . 106
2.8. Individuals: Samos ......................................................... 109
2.9. Individuals: Salamis....................................................... 119
VIII CONTENTS
Chapter 3. lnstitutions of the Fourth Century Athenian Settle
ments
3 .1. Sources and Limitations ............................................... . 134
3.2. What Were Fourth Century Settlements Called? ...... . 135
3.3. Officers Sent from Athens ........................................... . 138
3.4. Archons ......................................................................... .. 145
3.5. Other Magistrates and Officers ................................... . 152
3.6. Resolutions of Boule and Demos. ...................................... 157
3. 7. Calendars, Meetings, Boards, Subdivisions,
. .
Fu nc t1onar1es. ............................................................... .. 165
3.8. Subject Matters of Public Resolutions ........................ . 174
3.9. Trials? ............................................................................ . 179
3.10. Resolutions of Bodies Other than Boule and Demos. ... . 181
3.11. Coinage ......................................................................... . 185
3.12. Horoi .................................................................................. . 187
3.13. Other Economic and Cultic Evidence ........................ . 192
Appendix A: Epigraphical Observations .... .. .. .. .. . .... ............ .... .. 203
Attic and Salaminian Texts ................................................... 205
Extra-Attic Texts ..................................................................... 227
Appendix B: Persons Certainly or Possibly Associated with
Athenian Settlements of the Fourth Century B.C ............... 247
Alphabetical List of Entries .................................................... 258
Bibliography and Abbreviations .. ..... ......... ....... .................. ... .. .. . 442
Index of Soure es Cited..... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . 463
Photographs Illustrating Some lnscriptions Discussed ... Plates 1-10
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The production of this study has taken far longer than I ant1c1-
pated. The project seemed much smaller when I began concentrat
ing on it during some months as a Senior Associate Member at the
American School of Classical Studies at Athens in the spring of
1985, a stay made possible by a semester of Faculty Academic
Study Program (FASP) leave from Rutgers University. Another
such FASP leave, although without the overseas travel opportunity,
came in spring of 1989, and yet another in fall of 1993. Several
small grants to help with my research expenses have been given to
me by the Rutgers Research Council and by my own History De
partment. Teaching most semesters (spring 1994 was a helpful ex
ception) has otherwise restricted my involvement with this project
largely to the summers, although serving as Acting Chair of the
Rutgers Classics Department in spring of 1986 gained me the ongo
ing use of a University-owned computer and printer, with appropri
ate software provided.
Continuously since the very inception of the project (we were
both in Athens in spring of 1985), I have benefitted from the knowl
edge and unstinting helpfulness of Malcolm B. Wallace of the Uni
versity of Toronto, former editor of Phoenix,w hose many contribu
tions include his careful reading of hundreds of pages of typescript
in 1991 and again in 1993. I have adopted many of his suggestions.
J.
Wallace's involvement in a similar manner with Thomas
Figueira's complementary 1991 study has made his comments on
my own work doubly valuable. Although I have disagreed with
Wallace at various points, sometimes so indicating in my text or
notes, my debt to him is by far the largest owed to anyone in
connection with this study, and it is acknowledged with utmost
gratitude. Second only to Wallace in the thanks I owe him is a one
time member of my dissertation committee, Ronald S. Stroud of
the University of California at Berkeley, co-editor for Attic inscrip
tions of the indispensable SupplementumE pigraphicumG raecumS. troud
took on the burden of reading the 1991 typescript, and his numer
ous comments and corrections were similarly helpful and just as
greatly appreciated - although again I have differed on points
here and there. At a late stage in my work, I was very materially
assisted by John S. Traill, Wallace's colleague at the University of
Toronto and director of the ATHEN/ANS prosopography project,
Toronto's designedly complete database of all attested "Persons of
X PREFACE
Ancient Athens" (PAA), which remains unfinished at this writing.
Traill, with the help of his computer expert, Philippa M. Wallace
Matheson (Mac Wallace's sister), has generously and at the cost of
much personal trouble supplied me with PAA numbers for many
persons listed in my prosopographical Appendix B. A third Toronto
connection is with Cameron Paquette, who drew the maps exactly
to my specifications. Rodney Troch, my department's computer
consultant during a critical period of this work, endured much frus
tration in converting my prosopographical database of possible set
tlers' names into word-processable form, to make my typing of
Appendix B somewhat less arduous.
Numerous academic friends and colleagues have helped in nu
merous ways at various stages of the project, and their assistance is
acknowledged at appropriate points in my text and notes. Most
significant in connection with my epigraphical Appendix A was
Diane Harris, who undertook to visit the Myrina Museum on
Lemnos for me in 1989, when I was unable to get there myself.
Colleagues who have provided me with pre-publication typescripts
of works in progress (some of which have reached print by now)
include Glenn R. Bugh,John H. Qack) Kroll, Michael Wörrle, and
Sara Aleshire. My department's chair during six of the years of this
project, Rudolph Bell, was instrumental in helping me find some of
the above-mentioned small research grants, and was generally en
couraging to me while I was doing this work. Other Rutgers col
leagues, notably Traian Stoianovich and Stephen Reinert, have
helped me with specific details and more general encouragement,
as have colleagues at other institutions, foremost among them
Diana Delia.
Julian Deahl, senior editor at EJ. Brill, is especially to be
thanked for seeing merit in a study of such size and complexity.
Production editor Pim Rietbroek has shown outstanding patience
and promptness in working with me at the proof stage. Anonymous
readers of my 1993 typescript, both for Brill and for a departmental
promotion packet, have corrected errors and provided useful sug
gestions, many of which I have adopted. I regret that I misled one
such reader by my habit of showing the "history" of scholarly con
jectures: When I say something like "A, citing B, suggests ... ", it is
not to be assumed that I have not consulted B; I am merely telling
the reader where A apparently got the idea or the information.
Every work listed in my Bibliography has been consulted directly,
unless (as in the case of a few passages of Greek from authors whose
works are preserved only in fragments) I explicitly say that I rely on
someone else's quotation of it.
PREFACE XI
Non-academic friends, most especially Michael McGrorty, have
helped me stay with this project when exhaustion threatened to
become burnout. My debt, and my gratitude, to my family are clear
enough from the dedication. Unfortunately, this project both pre
ceded and outlasted my second marriage. Nevertheless, I rejoice in
its issue, my radiant Elena, her middle-aged father's belated and
beloved firstborn.
Jack Cargill
Rutgers University
August 1994
EPIGRAPHICAL SYMBOLS AND OTHER CONVENTIONS
The following epigraphical symbols are employed in my notes and
appendixes:
[ ] Surface area completely lost; letters within are editorial
restorations
[. ..] Definite number of lost letters (o ne per dot); no restora
tion suggested
[-- -] Uncertain number of lost letters (number of hyphens
irrelevant)
( ) Letters within complete abbreviated words (d emotics,
technical terms, e.g., are often abbreviated)
< > Letters within supply unintended omissions or correct
erroneously cut letters of mason
Letters within exist on the stone, but should be deleted
Surface area has been erased; letters within are editorial
restorations
a, ß Enough of this letter is visible to make it the on{yp ossible
reading
Extant traces are compatible with this letter (which is
the most likely one), but also with other(s)
a, fi Letter seen by earlier editor(s); surface now lost
Letter space left blank by mason (o ne v per blank space)
V
vacat Remainder (o r all) of line left blank by mason
End/beginning of inscribed line (if quote is long enough
to warrant showing line breaks, and not copied line
by-line)
II Beginning of line whose number is divisible by five
TRANSLITERATION AND RELATED MATTERS
The Latinizing of Greek terms and names, it seems to me, has
outlived its usefulness. lt is sustained at the present time only
through scholarly conventionality and inertia. Since it is also to
some extent under attack (at last!), the consequence, for many stu
dentg, and many readers, is confusion. lt would be better to get on
with the necessary change, eliminate the Latinate spelling entirely,
and consistently represent Greek letters by their current English
equivalents. That is not to say that one should never Anglicizet he