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US, Department of Justice US. Department of Justice
Federal Brea of lestigation (Ofc of sce Programs
(Criminal sc tn

A Study of Felonious Assaults on Our Nation’s Law Enforcement Officers
Violent Encounters

A Study of Fefonious Assaults on Our Nation's Law Enforcement Officers

Anthouy J. Pinizatio, Ph.D.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
‘Training ond Development Di
Rhvioral Seience Unit

Kdward E Davis, MS.
Federal Bureau of Lnvestigation
‘Teaining and Development Division
Rehavioral Science Unit

Charles B Milter HT

Federal Bureau of Investigation
Criminal Justice Information Services Dis
‘Training and Systems Education Unit

United States Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Investigation
National Tastitule of Justice

August 2006
NOTICE

This pebicwinn sas gresanal hy the Lille” Steer Govertnsht, Nhe the
Unued Sos Goseunien nue the Unied Slates Depatemane of Tiros, wr oxy
of hes emzlay2es, makes amy wanes. pressor ill, sane Any
gil Uso espns fr the secur. sumpletenese, oe uel alnese oF I
anfousaion, appa, psd ar proces diel orprssents that ss Waal
os ining pete eo Gigs, Reletence hevcin a any scl sonal
ech, pecan serve by fale mre. nr, amsfieris, oe urge, des
fut cecessrly cams imply iandasciet

byte Ct States Coseinment uray gen Ice, Lae wos and sine
the authovs cepmesed rei dis every ne oe cetace hae of is ved
Suse Chancranend oe ry agen ters
DEDICATION

‘itch fuy slaw enfvusino ers lene thes homies 1940 wk. Hey ale
leave vives sans, cages. sons ruhors, cd Fess. <n edits
‘ho hopin Hi ref ei re a pelea viking Iw ses ete ety
Fg swe 6 te ab sng nal al nz: hei Loved ones

Duly. weeks: eon and year yy ere a carats, postr g
‘he eikazne weIome eegand i es nen sey and ee, Rrsrvan’ Ins el
or heard aout he physi extn inl hal hs Hf ca ve Caw
nlatcmenn sions, Che sess the fh enn set st sleyare ane cain
abi, tre oi ve. mh oh

sess, Someta onelooked, owe
isthe ls tet lawenfxcetaen none rhave om gains eis. any ys
thse family snc: he set heres. Tey ae aon a ene,
‘They tr, make may series thee seo it Tv gau-cemel can sore and
oe is conaranns,

Tereone. so edicts tis ards thes seroee the ahora waters
posers ad Brothers, wites ant lnsiveds, sons sau daughter of la erent
cnzers. May you avin: te ver suzpor! sed axcearagsne i. Ms! uf al ay
our mare sates sede By she se ev of yon Ie aes ec
On pti yale ke Be each Fy
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We sierly thunk the men abd sien saan en cncerane agence yh aetsol tn psi i ys
sme ook hs time a agswe ur yas al share ci eoptences, With Mer st cenutende—and ei
urate he eestor hr eaaranenl—e sonora ssh te eect neces Fe
reser? sce elonPoer beset hl nay ZeslHory thie evk ane Se Theconeisabens sah oF tase he
val. Ny ee we Joumod 3 gest deal fia Mev ewer esl pnts aa envecunh sr hare a

serine bass ace corte eit tes islets wile a ental “eve Ui Ht
their peresmalexperonees, privates ws, and weve sugiles th hs demons ee soley euscaere
that fy hors helped“ ake uy sites see al to aspen sur Byesela iy act a ene

The Lu enforeserot kes wha elle agency ces namie end those leased tate tices to
prscipate in his sty leserve tr spect anes Many oF oe ft et a They WEN os wy ake
Pinay sly cfr al eg rv aM Ay fn i fers,

Feist pasts grain tt se acknowledge Dr yan Vis, tke Kana neue wl te Crime Gente
ann Prose Ressuck Duisivu in te US. Deparment of Trice, My, elf lien, toner bist the Pair
Ssfory Offers Bese Poyzaca an cunrony ing ithe Deni Heal Setiy 8 pea abso
tte FRUs Ollie f Las: Bnforee ene Caan na! Mf, es Bue th, dopa dveet al-he Toren of
Satie Assetziee, Wir ai clin appl, ths elle Aa both dn th Line of Fi
she es sly sand net Bee bora accom shed. We shank ths at for el state ue a

‘enensagime ce gt ou rasan,

‘eros counters she thie afr rk in vi Mast ate! Lin of Day af he

01 Fxg Several people payee sianitcau == in sappy he soit nm inesion strat cele. These
inet suck individuals a Me Ranger W lof ets Ue Pi nts Cris Re prtng Pog
‘eho cuppaned and anesgeel weal, 4 ue upervsoellaeed ase hein extaini nwenlareue a
and Mr Zin Hal fuorrly» Ce geass Training ahs LogalToeosrign vans a se 1B] Academy, sh
‘ornate ns lena ccupsel the urowoftrearng algal yet wang desl nc. 1 tha Mh
Rohrig, recy uthe LS Allomey Grea Office wal sures nit the LS omey"+ fie fr he
Teal of Culunbia who apensd-mans avenncs ie ihin he car compen AF he elie see spe

‘uersing oth peocedass ef a aaiacy en sacst craft al a quan, Mh Clean a able Lo ake
a proces sxeaprionally eaves fr ys, Miu sable, we wok ve Kat great dele tne doing
sadminiseatce einai

Ths invite until pvt ge ll rn versely st snes mi i inal pubkeston of
the prseet work. They eller suggestions uroul te develop ne ant etary the ro:ceoks we empl
a hey escinined ane ecunusieaded revisions toevery cag, Kageed va Ue ny Yes ol

ces and ea een asght oe aw eos aft, Votes xivkbuay—Kie Huy Ker, chi he
etavival Suience Uritlihe PBT Aton. Mr Wayie Keka the BT» Crise ent Rosponee inayat
[Me Shongor Baber ith the Maryland kee an) Contec tora ivinng Cenmissiong we os enenloys
cent >! pains

We thark De Darlene Hosa, Cese geen hiner, Aepatment ol Pycholhgy, fr serowing ie shaper
fon porestion athe jueessing ut Ffurnaum, We sre appreciate he i wl tn cn
Ms, Muay 8. Motes, asoslate eins willbe FAY tars evert ttn etsy. tila
‘on ber wn personal he eviewedovery cid evansncl wvy tec, started aur ailing 9 inelligene
oughs. We ar gril indzbie in et fOr he su ns Hews she apeae eng Ise hae. We ws
{foe tn say hau otk hare vey lene wing syle md mak het apps cone dar, acl. std

st

1. Sth Han furma stno ul he Bshetara Sines Cait atthe FAY Arlen spesored a escas

maton or ese

in: to ofireenen! ete ensonrage the publostish uf se Fass, at suppres i
rss w tbe aw tbrcemen!camicaniy. 4 ames piv fice, Pu. Bug ecenized ths nee fr enkaaset
safely pratce thin fe law enf:cementcranrvay hs pontiog roma seus on ame gn “Wit helps eve
the BES oF ante ath hing

Several menshers ofthe FBT Cs Tse fe tedon Seve (15% Divs in Wet Vigna asin
in exons nays To hon 2 fferan sygwesnia and gra, Ther include My Fone wr ei sel
spout andoucrayconead, Ms, Michele Csatol and Me, Peal Melnint fe Raisappors and saceuregeten

D> Maryvision: Mone sr ber setliouedassizancs apd Hert ir ens the warily ef 96 press adie
bette Ing enayvemee: comtmusity: Mt Lay Does lar his inacestivestimagiaive ase of phargcepy an
‘sdoography and, a.ca¢ th Mf. Lisa Slot a Ms Dabuea "Lea" Boa, sever design al sgh Fa
olen Borvanters hs Foe Fac rem mn bois asctibing audi tc Conon chs testes: an

1M. Davin Ms a the inerive a putin ck a a sed, an Ws, Mina Whe at Mt. Carlos Davis fe
‘ots deeming research da

8 an exons. se ks te aneabers 2 he Faigng and Syste Flaten én, lean
Trochtin Coup, e Comgturicalions Unit, ane the Crime Ana'ss sal aseanes Hesstopancnl Urit—all of
thet. Dession.Abeagh mah 9 heir wen s2saneM bein wy sve. he many dsdieted hus onevied

the prefessional appearaeze his inynutnn somes, Sole enticed by the may uy pharnrac
suraogiesiyrluesdSiinghunt, Me express eu graludete the emnne Hen the Fwy, ties sts

oolong photegrophs: Sarsees, Flite Plea Dee sent lignin,
Trach Misc, Police Peparumest: Clare, Wet Vegina, Paice Trp isin Cava. st Vipin
Shon's Glee: Urioport, West Wigiia, Pigs Der eu, le LK Police a the CHS Dison antsy CTS
LDvaeen setzonne.

Duviog the years of ese for Wien Pasooitor, a else a neugh imei aire aay
the informujion. geri inera fam th Hes inea See Ul conimbaned lai eles, We Bank lee sted
rs the many tks acestany ov cst te presen! er, eling Teena call rere 0d

sposilired dia sale
CONTENTS

Hyscute Sur i
Antredcton, 1
Ee Chaper The Orton the Creuse 5
Chapler 2: The Vin Ose B

Capt 3: The Offender
hapa: Weapons 8
| chars: pts Rea Vo Ene al
‘Cage 6 Suse by Cap 8

Chute Procedure an Tsing 8
(Copter 6 Serna el Slested Ie 18
(Copter Condon and Retin 1s
pea: Methoogy 16s
Appendix I Partition Pools 9
fibogap. rm
‘gras 1s
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Jaw eefcisoman othcers charged with eafacy
ths rate izes, lee pei lone lens
ass iy they deve ve he tet pile sly i

ing Tas nese wah, Vans Rarapions Std oF
Frlonioes Asonnis ci Orr Sakon Lat Beene
cee, eens asta may ep ro icp sae
lyeraiving echoigques This study coachades a seme
research pours le eurcesend fey Ie Kier
‘hs tye of Date [19Y2) ane Se Lies ef Fe [198i]
‘he reseah Hsing Ete presowe or tees 8 ue
Tutte thasserepnay setwren a. ners aml cleo
oF pave We sme item Sou tka igh cas
set perceptual ssrepanenes an cit iens. Cirle
ieming the dca analie e482 Amora, al sem

prided in Ae sy ne pli ae onl oronte ce
avo gira. tbe a lps eoneey ae ea
‘alae bindings
"he martes Sxancina nM lon ges Sa
helps ana ion
rey ela exgeience ene ody. hse ene
teas Yetereenotkeess ard auspeted ot knaves ales
rg elem 209 she lunge ptr till i fvor el
the sof. sone hav ths inersonel saa hes
_gimctowibly sung, Che excision of ch neste
‘eaptasies hal secawarenere can be cea tery
{Whos were the feat an eeondte cons, Inahin,
asigg antsy? Wat dl swe of vac nace
sitet Dist bvers unten rvsa gs
el hes ee Ia uf anal and phys sais 10
deel chllenges
nthe dats callsign lise wf Unis sou, the be
fefouscmsa crummy suzpled inlet aboot
‘ppreaily BDU indent Feline ace i At
‘ions tof ee inchs at exec ere i
ing Hort dove an thoficers, All ult ais ane
vis, the inlsmaice. eweed om inepth ines
wet the Sem officers and the affendrs, sul Sil
iaovsted om visi io ie crime yen ae insted
inthe roach Pintsstve os the lenders wore er
"otondere hia

ise wens et

Siewed in retin solngs. a0
Tee eemmnuniis, All 98 the Viton ste 3
teh to eo a sie Seal the ain ey

reseived hen Selhaiogsy sae owe where they
‘wanted tei ners be eke pie

1s fs ae apts 9 ds sy so he
lle ieshemy sitclaing The suroeniting wen
omoze ths ofRere. an fs faery oa pare
Tah anc the set sus nueva nee
howe foes snl ellenaos within x spseie set
seuss. Ti ascusian Wipe seas of box
baforeemcn tra tinp fat phy ipl ols neler

‘Chapter prveades az nedoph enalsie of map
onsale sie. isloding tet! rages ese
Prior wears xsionse nf wt wy te allendeny bat
ke the ston ffeers, Camnionaien ane erie of
sve! leases obi slorgtd ED kl ol I lw
olbreecsat neo ale saul. Pe ie! sec
ing aagpocts re -ney bevel pastors apo
shir Tile v7 mio vane? seepon aru
> edly etal, Res oparding the leone
sewers ate dinebssed at Teh inlasng being ae
tho pesiiliy tale snus nay sapere est
Higonsin seh aan nl gaspects ose cede
scgur si uied ner ezpons, ow Hin snl wae
they practized wits hot, adil “wel w secur
Theis weapnsna they aris anes ore eoploed
veto se vll anec indents xan fre
Preeul sey

sds 2 Use main campos of 9 valet
jenenuntr—i fend thir eal i restane>
isfy feiter oe hdge na nr enteycemert
Dicer subd ursksta the ols of pacer Cle
ter 3 hegins wits aie ar ane tc fe ty
recive Tai saitanswate ae ten places sume of
the eel bis inten ssomnpte Ut eam sul ee
‘suum ceria sweepoal pl. Next ea ye
ite povide dtl cbrur ths say ch +Liets ad
ets pene ienoaien rng lua insiders
sn ru, oe RE FeepeOns May y+
Iwo dered. Thess ecan ple she leew perp a
lerspancise valving the eprenic grwcases af peep
Siee, meciry, al enfrtion root wag Aa ia
au ee sume ening elem ard pte da: Ths
“upte-cumchaes sy a seu They“ ene
nun ot getepiasl diac my allot
"nesetety wainag, By iesrypannya eeu sensing
OF isle encour, mag et Help ie ase fre
sspotence in handle nispsereptots ond peteepal
Sscropunsiss, Such pera ea neeare a esas
shares Fs

The Tne eneonesment commauily nas eetarae
sees ne the penemenne kieran 9
Chopior 6 explees th spe sf asia by Cop und aut
ese depo uf ae Gabon det:
fatal Fr sticks ur ae pit RS the fal sei fo
vet suc hat su isabel’ yw
ls enforesticnt tix,” Wilespueus misunden-anta.
sur Mos Tope s arplie hs inherent fe
vs peuple whoa suoh soicdes ings, Aer te 1M,
eer the public are nis uml used erm
Sci y cap cher sept aml
that nel tbe use if Sealy res vr hve cH
ste Aunuugt OF fn 8 mie 2 ae Ee
bse ane union saceiee ler his Yeu ba
face, Neennal stabs plying 19 ths iaidens af
sieve hy rey saps! evel Beles Ess La air cemed
vray sl be b's to efits sy ates Ine ha
ewe acd dango: feast sansa 35
be enforesnses wfices ins Hie sane of suite
“The eff recess. dal
te noing inieris whore af nvy bese seis
jungle otieots ee une Jealy forse ate best ase
anal and ons Lssng. Ofer swalsed fy hese ‘ne
ie culos the rat Fr weil sire
rss el ahes widen within eonenentues, and rest
interaction Sh the esta wa aes sevetage ef hese
ireidoas fs aucun corals

Solely ain €or “aw evs smn vlc ty
ceattaallyirprits, Thy afsers a lets hn
Foire iis ls ented wt thoy ean

hee gota Using issues, Chaqter 7 snntodes ch
rly thee voenzents of ho Tek tay have
aleued Ba snccine of teeta asl, Out an 5
Siscussine of:acex eu wb ring pmo
Imation. sith wil polises na ins wes cm
wsaovey eens he nea wl encounter
Spwetl asontina Is pivon te eompasea opie
leisig 3nd meatal wong, Tepes evened fa Mi ay
cor ished, armpits eps Ans pie, a
ing ase wun, use ad methane of Bea
ising wonconvstinal ea. The owing tues +p
tlie Uo aneaionn ise

teshriaaes, anewer “ho wiih i
fs sh lr, nl acusting ote Tes shexe
sol her fopse ts explvee, Thitughoa the sap ot

sean yer alee estes Asian ne Hb bang
es nes inasaee the vie He fies bese Whar
ovued awit mica 8 na eto ie fe
(cong sk be beg agar om he
saiotshonige Mle chaple omelodes ina + Few sues
Tas at Bl ea fra reg assis
‘Cramer inclu e386 suentie ef sonnet
insides har eamyiso me cet sd Thee
ded have nay el veers Pel" user le

vietau ocLues expoienced ting thee, Kester
Ot Usa nemating power ipliations a related
raining 0, uly 197 Users aL as the

cleats, sine, nd save,
The majes home ea Faraes tahoe tay
ocses fina ie comes ul to els mts nein
n chap 9, es etn describes a8 Hntgesere pecioe
tscompaekag ll aspets uf he olier Ie veer nd
the cnsustazses tat engl Hem weber ate ts
wo the Flan aus al, Cuasopuny the A2a8)y nis
sors ea ewe ty arse sre sel io why
bev sufwoerne essa 40d doors ill sear
nrrelen ing bass Searles of Wen eeal ads
fnsptacve sauce reac pisag suka
Tally, encounters Besse sas" enki
senoers ould nator Lane sishers ad Be
nurse of ie =atnsener oslo ay led
saul Walden veto, ka pra, hen,
o'sut sonanncry Iere licens ane ames ell
Soult alge \iansa,spmeris Lnlong te
seal ine tar torres et ars deat
ose ehargeel wet eo alg iy ez. Only she
daresriess nse obtugce iwe-tignrs, ampere, ad
hu steturs scmine the wrisns ware ul 2
Ueacly as eT a greater nlstdng ces ence
tots emsigs. To make am eajeutve aieseneet =f val
36.1 evry erally an eoaplely marine
al pets oe ete thos 2g ths as Uo Sa
tev

1 the li inert of every La estan
genes, osery fice. sooty eminent aul en sry igen
ke the ue‘ flly nd inal exe ee

ssc ie rose ty ng combed oe il
help Amricas lr enfsvenet gueets Ome is
Psor auc ewe wher Somamames alts sens
ATs fi Be ease aly Most we
‘ei halpanem sure rt: okie antes they #81
rote Zone to hen ev a ih day a they i
lee lece, suntstres oes aller Elli 2B roles
INTRODUCTION

Valen nzowenutsa Sta of Felons Sees 00 Oat
Satiow saw EnjrranunsOceessbe linia
2f tener thal exes uy ues Micon hefty
fla owiasoavea sites, Esti Th tat ve Me
the a Opt Sa a Selected Rani Bing
of ove binforsiont Oficoes 1392, tlle by fu the

nue of Pes Vise Ayan Fe

semen ¢
{Wilh he publication ed Hotes’ Eicowrere 2606, an
cae ys wang foumey enmes Roa ewe Awe
rombute! tbe svestigacen and resin, orp He
stanly od thorns alse tho wd eee

pow # ish background lr eniercement, ANGiar
1. Pivicoam ile sean seems a lire one
Perholegs: i uke Betavioai Seiana: at he HL
Avaleny, kskvaes E Davis 1 @ vtinal tenant st
the Mecopetken Paes Depot, Wacington, DC

finda stuctr in the Hlural Science Unit 3¢ Bs
YB] Acadeing. Closlesb, BLer I fw tet! capa
‘with the mlerogolan Puke Depaniment, Weshingten
11.6, aa he eave a the PBI Tae

Overs Killed and Ascatlisé Poa: he 18 ase an

insractor in ths FRM Camel Justice Inirnstion Se
ens Disney, b ule Us study eam,
sf the ond jis sem esadem enn iy,

ana ive weve pula wha #22 ee4King. fue wane
fe radice the wumrber of Sloat ashe, igure nd
case sustained hy makers Ase iss ec
ane esi,

Secking an Answer

lover 15 youn age its now eonexistem otis ofthe
PEMs Uinouiee epening UCR Praga, sp al
2690 and Hie enforeement wets isc Hee
a issu n. Natnl Late Endorse Teesommesn

‘oiors Syskom message sear italics pale oGcor’s
Ines seat nen, CCR poreel ool ocd
lhe Fuets éuesuncing te wliee’s st in eal
sins Enforeanve Dons aie and Asses pub
Hom The rept val rete the utiCors ae, 16
gsiclarrihty ars a weve. eat sig fo Trad

the irs flea, apne edi he ty ah
potraphic ara of he zeatary wleye the etwamlor
teu. a the gee af oe rotoneenent agony dt
suploy22 the aftcs. Toe pullin alia wea ena

ran sae eleva fom toga the ens
leven nce

he ies is a
hess oo FRY Honky fan on uae qeton
‘hy Wns i this poutine real im thee

oF ap offset The agesle aad forte oie op te
“inl av answer by stay the pascal, euCesioel
a earaphis ac 9-yitg bles, le elena,
se tho ineder tha asd wie set's death. The
ural oF thi iil dexembos iii en hat
‘sae aol mul the wrlinny” roudine tee ss “Kee
tine Tecan licens evn eras rvs Hes.
fy Uy, He a emis emese Bor ty tna ene

leven: 2c? pial,
‘Wis Semsthing sigue soa ty ensoantar? Wa
th in

suenothing sjoeal bea as elise
‘Whip il hi ovlendes kisi hin “is cnrmaunts
pel a Eudeutesiatonsl Devise? Why
Mis ptizuar ieee eo ike a i cer!
Te arson these duction, hos vor sortase
among the sak Fs nl hea

Ukivately ese ques.0¥ led ttl dosey ert
of special, naomi obey rac reason Ried
te Line of Dats. The iramsuati aicultc, ele
eet. the eile

Iicsioe conducted Taw’ fnveniatraiting
lhvoughout the Na ow alain eet es
Unaneassel cuesicas Fos. the Saf 9 the EBL
Union Cite Reporting Begun Bawa
pm Tor a pros: hat mule erin and sy the
Pelunious KiEings af cer sgh sa areas
aad icseratits aise he shay, Ould ut
the syeafggs wf fe lene. he haba eof Te
nifess, wwe the saute im hich tas ull
bal sicortwr ive Chany ck an iterative ss
‘eo rsenlly and suse a the Ten
Irae nesdedge on oie sagigs, Whilst