Astrotomography : indirect imaging methods in observational astronomy

451 Pages·2001·11.1 MB·English

by  Boffin, H. (Henri), 1965-

Lecture Notes in Physics
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H. M. J. Boffin D. Steeghs J. Cuypers (Eds.)
Astrotomography
Indirect Imaging Methods
in Observational Astronomy
1 3
Editors
HenriM.J.Boffin
JanCuypers
RoyalObservatoryofBelgium
AvenueCirculaire,3
1180Brussels,Belgium
DannySteeghs
DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy
UniversityofSouthampton
Highfield
SO171BJSouthampton,UnitedKingdom
CoverPicture:(Spiralarmsintheaccretiondiscofaclosebinarysystemasobtainedfrom
numericalsimulations(seeH.M.J.Boffin,p.70)andtheemission-lineprofilessuchadisc
wouldproducewhenobservedatdifferentorbitalphasesofthebinarysystem.)
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData.
DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Astrotomography:indirectimagingmethodsinobservationalastronomy/H.
Boffin...(ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;NewYork;Barcelona;HongKong;
London;Milan;Paris;Singapore;Tokyo:Springer,2001
(Lecturenotesinphysics;573)
(Physicsandastronomyonlinelibrary)
ISBN3-540-42213-7
ISSN0075-8450
ISBN3-540-42213-7Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
The idea for this book originated in the La Silla observatory where two of the
editors were doing phase-resolved spectroscopy of some cataclysmic variable
stars using the NTT. We realized that although indirect imaging techniques
such as eclipse mapping and Doppler tomography had been around for more
than a decade and had provided some of the most interesting discoveries, no
book existed which covered these techniques. Moreover, no colloquium had ever
been organized specifically on these topics. The implementation of tomographic
methodsinastrophysics,inordertoprobestructuresonangularscalesofmicro-
arcseconds,startedabout15yearsagowiththedevelopmentoftheeclipsemap-
ping method. This method is able to reconstruct light distributions in eclipsing
binaries by exploiting the regular obscuration of the light source by one of the
binary components. A similar approach to regularised data fitting lead to a va-
riety of related methods in order to resolve light distributions of the accretion
flows in binaries, the surface structures of stars and the inner regions of active
galaxies. The scientific output of these methods is considerable and they are
increasingly becoming versatile tools for a wide community of researchers.
A specialised workshop seemed highly desirable, so we decided to organise
the first international workshop on astrotomography. The idea of the meeting,
whichtookplaceinBrusselsinearlyJuly2000,wastobringtogetherresearchers
sharing an interest in applying indirect imaging methods in astronomy, and to
comparethemethodsusedindifferentfields.Duringthemeeting,alargeamount
oftimewasdevotedtoextensivereviewsofthevariousreconstructiontechniques.
In conjunction with the reviews, short contributed talks highlighted recent re-
sults and developments. Due to the small number of participants, 60, there was
plenty of opportunity for discussion and interaction. Moreover, we wanted that
the proceedings of this meeting could be used as a handbook on these methods.
The reviewers were therefore asked to provide extensive accounts of their field.
The proceedings thus consist of 13 reviews of about 25 pages each as well as
15 contributed talks of 6∼8 pages. A wide range of topics are discussed, mostly
on the properties of accretion flows in semi-detached binary systems contain-
ing a compact stellar remnant. Other topics include the surface and magnetic
field structure of single stars, the shock waves of Mira stars, the accretion flows
around black holes in binaries and active galactic nuclei and the structure of
Algol systems. The large variety of subjects covered is a clear illustration of the
importancethatindirectimagingtechniqueshavegainedinastrophysics.Anew
VI
generation of optical telescopes and spectrographs is coming on-line which will
push the possibilities of indirect imaging even further. In conjunction with that,
specialised instruments and projects on existing telescopes will deliver data sets
with high time and wavelength resolutions tailored for accurate mapping ex-
periments. We hope that these proceedings will provide a helpful overview for
any researcher interested in such techniques. With the same spirit of producing
more than just proceedings, we also include a list of some useful resources on
the Internet. We also hope that the web page of the workshop will be kept alive
and become a useful reference on astrotomography.
We would like to thank all the participants for making this workshop a suc-
cess, and in particular all the contributing review authors for having generously
agreed to come to the meeting at their own expense, and for their efforts in
providing a balanced set of review papers. Many thanks to all the members of
the local organising committee for the hard work before, during and after the
workshop.TheBrusselsPlanetariumisthankedforprovidinguswithameeting
venue and excellent support. We also wish to thank the Director of the Royal
Observatory of Belgium, Prof. Paul Paˆquet, for his efforts. Rob Hynes provided
uswithasuperb‘scientificimpression’ofaninteractingbinarythatfeaturedon
the workshop poster and various other locations. Finally, we are grateful for fi-
nancialsupportfromprojectG.0265.97oftheResearchProgrammeoftheFund
for Scientific Research – Flanders (F.W.O. – Vlaanderen).
Brussels, Southampton, Henri Boffin,
November 2000 Danny Steeghs,
Jan Cuypers
Workshop webpage: http://www.astro.oma.be/DopplerWorkshop/
Contents
Doppler Tomography
T.R. Marsh ....................................................... 1
Mapping the Peculiar Binary GP Com
L. Morales-Rueda, T.R. Marsh, R.C. North ........................... 27
Hα-Emission Doppler Tomography
of Long-Period Cataclysmic Variable Stars
R.C. North, T.R. Marsh, C.K.J. Moran, U. Kolb, R.C. Smith, R. Stehle.. 33
Doppler Tomography of the Dwarf Nova IY UMa
during Quiescence
D.J. Rolfe, T.M.C. Abbott, C.A. Haswell.............................. 39
Spiral Waves in Accretion Discs – Observations
D. Steeghs ........................................................ 45
Spiral Waves in Accretion Discs – Theory
H.M.J. Boffin ..................................................... 69
Spiral Shocks in an Inviscid Simulation of Accretion Flow
in a Close Binary System
M. Makita, H. Fujiwara, T. Matsuda, H.M.J. Boffin.................... 88
Imaging the Secondary Stars in Cataclysmic Variables
V.S. Dhillon, C.A. Watson.......................................... 94
Statistics of Isolated Emission Sources in Cataclysmic Variables
C. Tappert, R. Hanuschik ........................................... 119
Tomography of Polars
A. Schwope ....................................................... 127
Tomography of Magnetic Accretion Flows
G. Wynn ......................................................... 155
VIII Contents
The Geometrical Configuration of Polars
and Possible Reconstruction Artefacts
of Eclipse Mapping Methods
J. Kube........................................................... 175
Spot Mapping in Cool Stars
A. Collier Cameron ................................................ 183
Imaging the Magnetic Topologies of Cool Active Stars
J.-F. Donati....................................................... 207
Differential Rotation of Close Binary Stars:
Application to HR 1099
P. Petit, J.-F. Donati, G.A. Wade, J.D. Landstreet, J.M. Oliveira,
S.L.S. Shorlin, T.A.A. Sigut, A.C. Cameron .......................... 232
Magnetic Doppler Imaging of Chemically Peculiar Stars
N. Piskunov, O. Kochukhov ......................................... 238
Stokes Imaging of the Accretion Region
in Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables
S. Potter, E. Romero-Colmenero, D.A.H. Buckley, M. Cropper,
P. Hakala......................................................... 244
Doppler Images of the M Dwarf RE 1816 +541
J.R. Barnes, A. Collier Cameron .................................... 252
The Method of Spectra Disentangling
and Its Links to Doppler Tomography
P. Hadrava........................................................ 261
Fourier Disentangling of Composite Spectra
S. Iliji´c, H. Hensberge, K. Pavlovski .................................. 269
Doppler Tomography of Eclipsing and Non-eclipsing Algols
M.T. Richards..................................................... 276
Tomography of the Atmosphere of Long-Period Variable Stars
A. Jorissen, R. Alvarez, B. Plez, D. Gillet, A. Fokin ................... 301
Eclipse Mapping of Accretion Discs
R. Baptista ....................................................... 307
Physical Parameter Eclipse Mapping
S. Vrielmann ...................................................... 332
Applications of Indirect Imaging Techniques in X-ray Binaries
E.T. Harlaftis ..................................................... 359
Contents IX
Doppler Tomography of XTE J2123-058
and Other Neutron Star LMXBs
R.I. Hynes, P.A. Charles, C.A. Haswell, J. Casares, C. Zurita .......... 378
Echo Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei
K. Horne ......................................................... 386
Echoes in X-ray Binaries: Mapping the Accretion Flow
K. O’Brien, K. Horne .............................................. 416
Object Index .................................................... 425
Subject Index ................................................... 429