Table Of Content

Assisted Phytoremediation Assisted Phytoremediation Edited by Vimal Chandra Pandey Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India Elsevier Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier. com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-12-822893-7 For Information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher: Candice Janco Acquisitions Editor: Maris LaFleur Editorial Project Manager: Michelle Fisher Production Project Manager: Kumar Anbazhagan Cover Designer: Matthew Limbert Cover Credit: Vimal Chandra Pandey Typeset by Aptara, New Delhi, India Contents Contributors ...........................................................................................................................................xi About the Editor ..................................................................................................................................xvii Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................xix Preface ..................................................................................................................................................xxi Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................xxiii CHAPTER 1 Understanding assisted phytoremediation: potential tools to enhance plant performance ...........................................................1 Garima Malik, Sunila Hooda, Sahrish Majeed, Vimal Chandra Pandey 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................1 1.2 Assisted phytoremediation ..........................................................................................2 1.3 Potential possibilities of application of assisted phytoremediation for utilizing polluted sites using economically valuable plants: economic and environmental sustainability .............................................................................................................14 1.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................16 References ..................................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 2 Plant-assisted bioremediation: Soil recovery and energy from biomass .............................................................................25 Valeria Ancona, Ida Rascio, Giorgia Aimola, Anna Barra Caracciolo, Paola Grenni, Vito F. Uricchio, Domenico Borello 2.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................25 2.2 Soil amendments for enhancing phyto-assisted bioremediation efficiency ..............26 2.3 Root exudates: key compounds in driving plant-microbial interactions ..................30 2.4 Investigation of soil microbial community structure and functioning in PABR experiments ...............................................................................................................34 2.5 Energy from phyto-assisted bioremediation biomass ...............................................35 2.6 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................37 Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................38 References ..................................................................................................................38 CHAPTER 3 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-assisted phytoremediation: Concepts, challenges, and future perspectives ..........................49 Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui, Maryline Calonne-Salmon, Sonia Labidi, Hacène Meglouli, Joël Fontaine 3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................49 3.2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in contaminated soils .................................50 v vi Contents 3.3 Mechanisms involved in mycorrhizal plant tolerance to soil pollutants ...................56 3.4 AMF-assisted phytoremediation of polluted soils ....................................................70 3.5 Phytoextraction and phytostabilization .....................................................................72 3.6 Mechanisms involved in soil phytoremediation by mycorrhizal plants ...................78 3.7 Contribution of mycorrhizal inoculation in polluted soil functionalization and in plant biomass valorization ........................................................................................80 3.8 Challenges and future perspectives ...........................................................................82 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................... 84 References ................................................................................................................. 84 Further Reading ...................................................................................................... 100 CHAPTER 4 Biochar assisted phytoremediation for metal(loid) contaminated soils .............................................................101 Manhattan Lebrun, Romain Nandillon, Florie Miard, Sylvain Bourgerie, Domenico Morabito 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................101 4.2 What is biochar? .....................................................................................................103 4.3 What are the properties of biochar? ........................................................................103 4.4 The effects of biochar application on soil and soil pore water properties ..............107 4.5 The effect of biochar on metals and metalloids ......................................................112 4.6 The effect of biochar on the soil microbial community ..........................................114 4.7 The effects of biochar on plants ..............................................................................115 4.8 The importance of biochar dose .............................................................................119 4.9 Improving biochar effects: functionalization and combination with other amendments ............................................................................................................120 4.10 Conclusions and perspectives .................................................................................122 References ................................................................................................................122 CHAPTER 5 Chelate-assisted phytoremediation ........................................131 Dragana Ranđelović, Ksenija Jakovljević, Tijana Zeremski 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................131 5.2 Chelating agents ......................................................................................................132 5.3 The principle of chelate-assisted phytoremediation ...............................................134 5.4 Metal mobilization in soil .......................................................................................135 5.5 Interfering ions ........................................................................................................136 5.6 Chelant degradability in soil ...................................................................................137 5.7 Chelate uptake by plants .........................................................................................137 5.8 Effects of chelates on the plant ...............................................................................139 5.9 Examples of chelate-enhanced phytoremediation studies ......................................140 5.10 Advantages and drawbacks of chelate-assisted phytoremediation .........................145 References ................................................................................................................146 Contents vii CHAPTER 6 Nanoparticles-assisted phytoremediation: Advances and applications ......................................................................155 Omena Bernard Ojuederie, Adenike Eunice Amoo, Shesan John Owonubi, Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro 6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................155 6.2 Methods used in phytoremediation .........................................................................157 6.3 Types of nanoparticles ............................................................................................160 6.4 Synthesis of nanoparticles ......................................................................................162 6.5 Applications of nanoparticles in phytoremediation ................................................165 6.6 Future perspectives in the utilization of nanoparticle-mediated phytoremediation ......171 6.7 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................172 References ................................................................................................................173 CHAPTER 7 Transgenic plant-mediated phytoremediation: Applications, challenges, and prospects ...................................................179 Omena Bernard Ojuederie, David Okeh Igwe, Jacob Olagbenro Popoola 7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................179 7.2 Pros and cons of phytoremediation using genetically engineered plants ...............180 7.3 Transgenic plants mediated phytoremediation .......................................................181 7.4 Application of transgenic plants mediated phytoremediation of polluted environments ...........................................................................................................184 7.5 Application of advanced omic technologies in enhancing phytoremediation ........185 7.6 Nanoparticle-mediated plant transformation ..........................................................190 7.7 Safety issues in the use of transgenic plants for phytoremediation ........................191 7.8 Future prospects of genetically modified plants in phytoremediation ....................193 References ................................................................................................................194 CHAPTER 8 CRISPR-assisted strategies for futuristic phytoremediation .........203 Henny Patel, Shreya Shakhreliya, Rupesh Maurya, Vimal Chandra Pandey, Nisarg Gohil, Gargi Bhattacharjee, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Vijai Singh 8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................203 8.2 Basic of CRISPR biology .......................................................................................204 8.3 Molecular mechanism of the CRISPR-Cas9 system ..............................................204 8.4 Phytoremediation for removal of pollutants ...........................................................205 8.5 Phytoremediation by enriching microbes-plant interaction ....................................207 8.6 Phytoremediation using engineered plant ...............................................................207 8.7 Biofortification and phytoremediation ....................................................................209 8.8 CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing towards bioremediation .......................210 8.9 CRISPR-Cas9 technology and climate resilient phytoremediation ........................211 8.10 Conclusion and future remarks ...............................................................................212 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................212 References ................................................................................................................212 viii Contents CHAPTER 9 Approaches for assisted phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated sites .............................................................221 Ankita Gupta, Arnab Majumdar, Sudhakar Srivastava 9.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................221 9.2 Methods of phytoremediation .................................................................................222 9.3 Assisted phytoremediation ......................................................................................224 9.4 Conclusions and future perspectives .......................................................................233 References ................................................................................................................234 CHAPTER 10 Compost-assisted phytoremediation .......................................243 Janhvi Pandey, Sougata Sarkar, Vimal Chandra Pandey 10.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................243 10.2 What is compost? ....................................................................................................244 10.3 Compost quality evaluation ....................................................................................245 10.4 Types of compost ....................................................................................................245 10.5 Impact of compost application on soil systems ......................................................246 10.6 Impact of compost on metal(loids) mobility in soil/plant systems .........................248 10.7 Impact of composts on soil microbial activity ........................................................251 10.8 Impact of compost on plants ...................................................................................253 10.9 Augmenting compost impact by mixing with other amendments ..........................255 10.10 Conclusions and future prospects ...........................................................................255 References ................................................................................................................258 CHAPTER 11 Bioremediation of contaminated soil with plant growth rhizobium bacteria ..............................................................265 Metin Turan, Sanem Argin, Parisa Bolouri, Tuba Arjumend, Nilda Ersoy, Ertan Yıldırım, Adem Güneş, Melek Ekinci, Dilara Birinci 11.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................265 11.2 Bioremediation .......................................................................................................267 11.3 Importance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in bioremediaiton and phytoremediation ....................................................................................................273 11.4 Mechanisms involved in bioremediation by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ....274 11.5 The functions of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in phytoremediation ........275 11.6 Conclusions and future outlooks ............................................................................278 Reference .................................................................................................................279 CHAPTER 12 Phytobial remediation by bacteria and fungi ............................285 Gordana Gajić, Miroslava Mitrović, Pavle Pavlović 12.1 Introduction to phytobial remediation by bacteria and fungi .................................285 12.2 Phytobial remediation by plant growth-promoting bacteria ...................................287 12.3 Phytobial remediation by mycorrhizal fungi ..........................................................292 Contents ix 12.4 Enzymatic degradation of organic compounds .......................................................295 12.5 Integrated phytobial remediation for functional cleanup environment ...................298 12.6 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................324 Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................324 References ................................................................................................................325 CHAPTER 13 Recent developments in phosphate-assisted phytoremediation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s-contaminated soils ..................345 Tariq Mehmood, Cheng Liu, Irshad Bibi, Mukkaram Ejaz, Anam Ashraf, Fasih U. Haider, Umair Riaz, Azhar Hussain, Sajid Husain, Mehak Shaz, Sumeera Asghar, M. Shahid, Nabeel Khan Niazi 13.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................345 13.2 Phytoremediation ....................................................................................................347 13.3 Phosphate-assisted phytoremediation .....................................................................351 13.4 Phosphorus dynamics in soil as an assisted phytoremediation agent .....................353 13.5 Role of the microbial community in phosphate-assisted phytoremediation ...........354 13.6 Phosphate effects on plant growth and potentially toxic metal(loid)s detoxification ...........................................................................................................357 13.7 Advantages and limitation of phosphate-assisted phytoremediation ......................360 13.8 Conclusions and future outlooks ............................................................................361 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................362 Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................362 References ................................................................................................................363 CHAPTER 14 Electrokinetic-assisted Phytoremediation ................................371 Luis Rodríguez, Virtudes Sánchez, Francisco J. López-Bellido 14.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................371 14.2 Fundamentals of electrokinetic-assisted phytoremediation ....................................373 14.3 Practical aspects of ek-phytoremediation ...............................................................375 14.4 Effects of ek-phytoremediation on soil properties and microbiota .........................383 14.5 Effects of the electric current application on plant growth .....................................385 14.6 Ek-Phytoremediation of Metal-Polluted Soils ........................................................389 14.7 Ek-Phytoremediation of Organic Pollutants ...........................................................392 14.8 Learned lessons and future challenges ...................................................................393 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................395 References ................................................................................................................395 CHAPTER 15 Biosurfactant-assisted phytoremediation for a sustainable future ...............................................................399 N.F. Islam, Rupshikha Patowary, Hemen Sarma 15.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................399 15.2 Soil inorganic and organic pollutants—source and concern ...................................401