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Asset Recovery and Mutual Legal Assistance in Asia and the Pacific: Proceedings of the 6th Regional Seminar on Making International Anti-Corruption St PDF

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ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific ASSET RECOVERY AND MUTUAL LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Proceedings of the 6th Regional Seminar on Making International Anti-Corruption Standards Operational Held in Bali, Indonesia, on 5–7 September 2007 and hosted by the Corruption Eradication Commission, Indonesia Asian Development Bank Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in cooperation with the Basel Institute on Governance Publications of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific – Fighting Bribery in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific. Paris: ADB/OECD, 2008. – Supporting the Fight Against Corruption in Asia and the Pacific: ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative 2007 Annual Report. Paris: ADB/OECD, 2008. – Managing Conflict of Interest: Frameworks, Tools, and Instruments for Preventing, Detecting, and Managing Conflict of Interest. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2008. – Mutual Legal Assistance, Extradition, and Recovery of Proceeds of Corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Frameworks and Practices in 27 Asian and Pacific Jurisdictions. Paris: ADB/OECD, 2008. – Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific: Progress and Challenges in 25 Countries. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2006. – Denying Safe Haven to the Corrupt and the Proceeds of Corruption: Enhancing Asia-Pacific Cooperation on Mutual Legal Assistance, Extradition, and Return of the Proceeds of Corruption. Proceedings of the 4th Master Training Seminar held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, March 2006. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2006. – Knowledge-Commitment-Action against Corruption in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the 5th Regional Anti-Corruption Conference held in Beijing, People‘s Republic of China, in September 2005. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2006. – Anti-Corruption Policies in Asia and the Pacific: Progress in Legal and Institutional Reform in 25 Countries. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2006. – Anti-Corruption Action Plan for Asia and the Pacific with country endorsing statements. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2002 (reprinted 2005). – Curbing Corruption in Tsunami Relief Operations. Manila: ADB/OECD/TI, 2005 (available in English, Bahasa, Sinhala, and Tamil languages). – Controlling Corruption in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the 4th Regional Anti-Corruption Conference held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in December 2003. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2005. – Anti-Corruption Policies in Asia and the Pacific: The Legal and Institutional Frameworks. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2004. – Effective Prosecution of Corruption. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2003. – Taking Action against Corruption in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the 3rd Regional Anti- Corruption Conference held in Tokyo, Japan, in 2001. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2002. – Progress in the Fight against Corruption in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Anti- Corruption Conference held in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 2000. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2001. – Combating Corruption in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of the Manila workshop held in 1999. Manila: ADB/OECD, 2000. You can download these documents from the Initiative‘s website at www.oecd.org/corruption/asiapacific/publications or request copies by writing to [email protected] 2008 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Asian Development Bank All rights reserved ISBN 978-92-64-05572-8 This publication was prepared by the Secretariat of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific, composed of Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) staff. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in it do not necessarily represent the views of ADB, or those of its member governments, or of the OECD, or its member countries. ADB and OECD do not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accept no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. The term ―country‖ does not imply any judgment by ADB or the OECD as to the legal or other status of any territorial entity. ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific Table of Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ 9 Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................ 11 Preface by Taufiequrachman Ruki ................................................................ 13 Preface by Kuniko Ozaki ................................................................................ 15 Executive Summary ......................................................................................... 17 Keynote Addresses .......................................................................................... 23 Opening Remarks by Patrick Moulette ....................................................... 25 Opening Remarks by Kuniko Ozaki .............................................................. 29 Opening Remarks by Amien Sunaryadi ...................................................... 33 Chapter 1 Legal and Institutional Challenges in Mutual Legal Assistance ...................................................................................... 37 Challenges in Mutual Legal Assistance (Marita van Thiel) ...................... 39 Trends in Mutual Legal Assistance and Asset Recovery in Asia and the Pacific (William Y.W. Loo) ............................................................... 43 Provisions of the United Nations Convention against Corruption on Asset Recovery and Mutual Legal Assistance from the Indonesian Law Perspective (Romli Atmasasmita) ................................... 49 Improving Procedures for Mutual Assistance and Mutual Legal Assistance in Investigations of Transnational Corruption (Martin Polaine)................................................................................................ 59 Principles of Extradition and Jurisdiction (Arvinder Sambei) ................... 67 Chapter 2 Formal and Informal Paths to Obtain International Legal Assistance ...................................................................................... 87 Formal and Informal Paths to Obtain International Legal Assistance (Bernard Rabatel) ........................................................................ 89 ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific 4 Asset Recovery and Mutual Legal Assistance International Cooperation in Criminal Matters in Thailand (Torsak Buranaruangroj) ................................................................................. 93 Combining Formal and Informal Mechanisms: Ways for Speeding up Mutual Legal Assistance (Jean-Bernard Schmid) ................................ 99 Chapter 3 Tracing, Freezing, Confiscating, and Repatriating the Proceeds of Corruption .............................................................. 107 Tracing, Freezing, Confiscating the Proceeds of Corruption in Australia (Sylvia Grono) ................................................................................ 109 Tracing, Freezing, Confiscating, and Repatriating the Proceeds of Corruption (Alan Bacarese) .................................................................... 121 Challenges and Opportunities of Asset Recovery in a Developing Economy (Nuhu Ribadu) ....................................................... 127 Chapter 4 Seizure, Confiscation, and Repatriation of Assets: Practices in Financial Centers ................................................... 135 Fight against Corruption and Restitution of Illicitly Acquired Assets: Switzerland‘s Practice in Dealing with Politically Exposed Persons (Pascal Gossin) ................................................................................ 137 Seizure, Confiscation and Repatriation Assets: Practice in Hong Kong, China (Wayne Walsh) ....................................................................... 143 Chapter 5 Case Study «Ferdinand Marcos» (Philippines) ......................... 161 Ferdinand E. Marcos (Philippines): A Case Study (Merceditas Gutierrez) .................................................................................. 163 Chapter 6 Case Study «Sani Abacha» (Nigeria) ....................................... 171 General Sani Abacha—A Nation‘s Thief (Tim Daniel) ............................ 173 Chapter 7 Case Study «Vladimiro Montesinos» (Peru) .............................. 187 The Peruvian Efforts to Recover Proceeds from Montesinos‘s Criminal Network of Corruption (Guillermo Jorge) ................................. 189 Corruption and Criminal Organization: Peru‘s Experience (Luis Vargas Valdivia) .................................................................................... 223 Chapter 8 Asset Recovery—Needs and Priorities in Asia and the Pacific ........................................................................................... 233 Legal Obstacles to Effective Law Enforcement in Corruption Cases (Yoseph Suardi Sabda)..................................................................... 235 ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific Table of contents 5 The Status Quo and Challenges the People‘s Republic of China Faces in Developing International Cooperation on Asset Recovery (Guo Mingcong) ......................................................................... 245 Implementing the United Nations Convention against Corruption— Making Technical Assistance Work: the German UNCAC Project (Dedo Geinitz) ................................................................................................ 251 The Role of Donors (Cornelis D. de Jong) ................................................. 261 Closing Remarks: Building Trust and Developing Capacity to Strengthen the Implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (Dimitri Vlassis) ....................................... 267 Appendixes .................................................................................................... 271 List of Participants .......................................................................................... 273 Seminar agenda ............................................................................................ 289 ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific Secretariat Contacts ................................................................... 299 ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific Foreword Since its inception in 1999, the Asian Development Bank/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (ADB/OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific supports its members in strengthening their policies, frameworks, and practices to fight corruption. Driven by the demand and priorities of its members, the Initiative fosters regional policy dialogue and analysis and helps in building capacity through regional technical seminars. Obtaining legal assistance for investigations and prosecutions of corruption cases from other countries has been identified in the Asia and Pacific region and beyond as one biggest obstacle to effectively fight corruption. Mutual legal assistance (MLA) is also essential for the recovery of proceeds of corruption. Since early 2005, the member countries and jurisdictions of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific have held regular policy dialogues and expert meetings to strengthen their frameworks and practices for requesting and providing legal assistance. The 5th Regional Anti-Corruption Conference for Asia-Pacific in September 2005 included a workshop to this topic, and a technical seminar on Denying Safe Haven to the Corrupt and the Proceeds of Corruption was held in March 2006. In 2006/2007, the Initiative‘s members carried out an in-depth review on frameworks and practices for mutual legal assistance, extradition, and the recovery of proceeds of corruption. International anti-corruption instruments, such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the OECD anti-bribery instruments, attach great importance to effective mechanisms for mutual legal assistance (MLA) and asset recovery. As a growing number of countries in Asia and the Pacific have committed to these standards, demand for mutual learning in this area increases. The Initiative‘s members naturally called on the Initiative and its partners—the Basel Institute on Governance and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime—to provide this assistance. In response to this request, the Initiative conducted a regional technical seminar on asset recovery and MLA. Hosted and co-organized by the Corruption Eradication Commission of Indonesia, this regional technical seminar gathered more than 150 experts from the Initiative‘s member countries, observer countries, and OECD member countries in Bali on 5–7 September 2007. This volume compiles the experience shared by experts during the seminar. It is addressed to policy makers, ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific 8 Asset Recovery and Mutual Legal Assistance practitioners, and experts who wish to learn from experiences of other countries in strengthening frameworks and practices for mutual legal assistance and the recovery of assets from abroad. ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific Acknowledgments The Asian Development Bank/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (ADB/OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific and the Basel Institute on Governance express their sincere gratitude to the Corruption Eradication Commission of Indonesia for its valuable cooperation and help in preparing for the regional seminar for Asia and the Pacific on asset recovery and mutual legal assistance. The ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative and the Basel Institute on Governance hold in high esteem the commission‘s warm welcome and gracious hospitality. The organizers specially thank the participants of the seminar, particularly the speakers and authors of the papers in this volume. Their insights and contributions have made the seminar greatly successful in promoting knowledge and information sharing on issues of asset recovery and mutual legal assistance. Frédéric Wehrlé, then Coordinator for Asia and the Pacific at the OECD Anti-Corruption Division; Kathleen Moktan, Director of the Capacity Development and Governance Division, ADB, and Gretta Fenner, then Director of the Basel Institute on Governance; directed and coordinated the seminar. Joachim Pohl, Project Coordinator of the OECD Anti-Corruption Division; Marilyn Pizarro, Consultant with the Capacity Development and Governance Division of ADB‘s Regional and Sustainable Development Department; and Mirella Mahlstein, Research Assistant for the Basel Institute on Governance provided coordination and secretariat assistance. The regional seminar for Asia and the Pacific was made possible through the financial support of the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID), Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GtZ) GmbH, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), as well as the United States Department of State. ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific

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