Assessment Scales in Old Age Psychiatry, Second Edition PDF
Preview Assessment Scales in Old Age Psychiatry, Second Edition
Cover Page i Assessment Scales in Old Age Psychiatry Page ii This page intentionally left blank. Page iii Assessment Scales in Old Age Psychiatry Second Edition Alistair Burns MD FRCP FRCPsych Head, School of Psychiatry&Behavioural Sciences Professor of Old Age Psychiatry University of Manchester, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester, UK Brian Lawlor MD FRCPI FRCPsych Consultant Psychiatrist Department of Psychiatry of the Elderly Jonathan Swift Clinic, St James’s Hospital Dublin, Ireland Sarah Craig MB MSc MRCPsych Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry The Royal Bolton Hospitals NHS Trust Bolton, UK With a contribution by Robert Coen PHD Mercer’s Institute for Research on Aging St James’s Hospital Dublin, Ireland LONDON AND NEW YORK Page iv © 1999, 2004 Martin Dunitz, an imprint of the Taylor &: Francis Group plc First published in the United Kingdom in 1999 by Martin Dunitz, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group plc, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Tel: +44 (0) 20 7583 9855 Fax.: +44 (0) 20 7842 2298 Email: [email protected] Website:, http://www.dunitz.co.uk This edition published in the Taylor & Francis eLibrary, 2006. To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk. Second edition 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Although every effort has been made to ensure that all owners of copyright material have been acknowledged in this publication, we would be glad to acknowledge in subsequent reprints or editions any omissions brought to our attention. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 020342719X Master ebook ISBN ISBN 0203446933 (OEB Format) ISBN 1 84184 168 4 (Print Edition) Distributed in the USA by Fulfilment Center Taylor & Francis 10650 Toebben Drive Independence, KY 41051, USA Toll Free Tel. +1 800 634 7064 Email: [email protected] Distributed in Canada by Taylor & Francis 74 Rolark Drive Scarborough, Ontario M1R 4G2, Canada Toll Free Tel.: +1 877 226 2237 Email: [email protected] Distributed in the rest of the world by Thomson Publishing Services Cheriton House North Way Andover, Hampshire SP10 5BE, UK Tel: +44 (0)1264 332424 Email: [email protected] Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent, UK Page v Contents Foreword by Idris Williams xi Preface xiii Introduction xv 1 DEPRESSION 1 Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) 2 Geriatric Depression Scale (Residential) 4 A Collateral Source Version of the Geriatric Depression Rating Scale 5 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 6 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 7 Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) 8 Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia 9 Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards (BASDEC) 10 SELFCARE (D) 11 Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (CESD) 13 OARS Depressive Scale (ODS) 14 Depressive Signs Scale (DSS) 15 Carroll Rating Scale (CRS) 16 Mood Scales—Elderly (MSE) 18 Mania Rating Scale 19 Checklist Differentiating pseudodementia from dementia 21 NIMH Dementia Mood Assessment Scale (DMAS) 23 Emotionalism and Mood Disorders after Stroke 26 EUROD scale 28 Brief Assessment Scale for Depression 29 The Even Briefer Assessment Scale for Depression (EBASDEP) 31 Short Anxiety Screening Test 32 2 DEMENTIA 33 2a COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT 35 MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) 36 The Severe MMSE 38 Standardized MiniMental State Examination (SMMSE) 40 The Modified MMSE (3MS) Examination 42 Mental Test Score (MTS)/Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) 44 Blessed Dementia Scale 46 ADAS/ADASCog, ADASNonCog 48 Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) 50 Clock Drawing Test 51 Page vi The TenPoint Clock Test 55 Clifton Assessment Procedures for the Elderly (CAPE) 56 The MiniCog 60 Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS) 61 Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) 63 Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) 64 SET Test 66 Short Mental Status Questionnaire 67 Short OrientationMemoryConcentration Test 68 Syndrom Kurztest (SKT) 69 Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) 70 Cognitive Drug Research Assessment System (COGDRAS) 71 Kew Cognitive Test 73 Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) 74 Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ)/FaceHand Test (FHT) 75 Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination 76 7Minute Neurocognitive Screening Battery 77 Revised Hasegawa’s Dementia Scale (HDSR) 78 The Time and Change Test 79 Memory Impairment Screen 80 Structured Telephone Interview for Dementia (STIDA) 81 Deterioration de Cognition Observée (DECO) 83 Objective Assessment of Praxis 84 Lay PersonBased Screening for Early Detection of AD 85 The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status 86 Observation List for Early Signs of Dementia (OLD) 88 Early Signs of Dementia Checklist 89 A Cognitive Screening Battery for Dementia in the Elderly 90 Test Battery for the Diagnosis of Dementia in Individuals with Intellectual Disability 91 The Test for Severe Impairment (TSI) 92 The Frontal Behavioral Inventory 93 The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) 95 Computerized Cognitive Examination of the Elderly (ECO) 97 The Neuropsychological Impairment Scale—Senior (NISS) 98 Short and Sweet Screening Instrument (SASSI) 100 Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State (MEAMS) 101 The Executive Interview 102 Short Cognitive/Neuropsychologic Test Battery for FirstTier FitnesstoDrive Assessment of Older Adults 103 Neuropsychological Tests 104 Buschke Selective Reminding Test 106 Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test 107 Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure 108 Trail Making Test 109 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAISIII) 110 Wechsler Memory Scale (WMSIII) 111 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) 112 National Adult Reading Test (NART) 113 Verbal Fluency: FAS Test/Category Fluency 114 Page vii Stroop ColourWord Test 115 Boston Naming Test 116 Stepwise Comparative Status Analysis (STEP) 117 2b NEUROPSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENTS 123 Personality Inventory 124 BEHAVEAD 125 Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) 128 Neuropsychiatric Inventory with Caregiver Distress Scale 129 Columbia University Scale for Psychopathology in AD (CUSPAD) 130 Manchester and Oxford Universities Scale for the Psychopathological Assessment of Dementia (MOUSEPAD) 133 Present Behavioural Examination (PBE) 137 CERAD Behavioural Rating Scale 138 Rating Scale for Aggressive Behaviour in the Elderly (RAGE) 142 Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) 144 Neurobehavioural Rating Scale (NRS) 146 Caretaker Obstreperous Behaviour Rating Assessment (COBRA) scale 148 Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) 150 Disruptive Behavior Rating Scales (DBRS) 152 Ryden Aggression Scale 154 Agitated Behavior Mapping Instrument (ABMI) 157 Brief Agitation Rating Scale (BARS) 158 CohenMansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI)—Long Form 159 Observed Agitation in Patients with DAT (SOAPD) 160 Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale 162 Pittsburgh Agitation Scale (PAS) 163 Dysfunctional Behaviour Rating Instrument (DBRI) 165 Irritability, Aggression and Apathy Scale 166 Apathy Scale for Parkinson’s Disease 168 BEAMD 169 Clinical Rating Scale for Symptoms of Psychosis in AD (SPAD) 171 Georagsobber Vatieschaal voor de Intramurale Psychogeriatrie (GIP) 173 Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale (NHBPS) 174 The California Dementia Behavior Questionnaire Caregiver and Clinical Assessment of Behavioral Disturbance 175 Harmful Behaviours Scale 176 The Challenging Behaviour Scale (CBS) 177 Behavioural Activities in Demented Geriatric Patients 178 Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia (BRSD) 179 Resistiveness to Care Scale (RTCDAT) 181 The Agitated Behavior in Dementia Scale 182 Rating Anxiety in Dementia (RAID) 183 2c ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING 185 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) 186 Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia (IDDD) 188 Barthel Index 190 Progressive Deterioration Scale (PDS) 191 Page viii Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) 192 Daily Activities Questionnaire (DAQ) 194 Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale 195 Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS) 197 Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Index 199 Cleveland Scale for ADL (CSADL) 200 Cognitive Performance Test 201 Present Functioning Questionnaire (PFQ) and Functional Rating Scale (FRS) 202 Dressing Performance Scale 205 Rapid Disability Rating Scale—2 (RDRS2) 207 Functional Dementia Scale (FDS) 209 Performance Test of Activities of Daily Living (PADL) 210 Structured Assessment of Independent Living Skills (SALES) 212 Direct Assessment of ADL in AD 215 Refined ADL Assessment Scale (RADL) 216 Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADL) 218 The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) 219 The Alzheimer’s Disease Functional Assessment and Change Scale (ADFACS) 220 Physical SelfMaintenance Scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) 221 Dependence Scale 222 The Alzheimer’s Disease ADL International Scale (ADLIS) 223 2d GLOBAL ASSESSMENTS/QUALITY OF LIFE 225 The Texas Functional Living Scale 227 EuroQol 228 Quality of Life in Dementia 229 Lancashire QoL Profile (Residential) 230 QoL in AD: Patient and Caregiver Report (QOLAD) 232 Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) 235 Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) 236 Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 238 Clinicians’ Global Impression of Change 240 Crichton Royal Behavioural Rating Scale (CRBRS) 241 Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scales (PGDRS) 243 Dementia Rating Scale 245 GBS Scale 246 Geriatric Rating Scale (GRS) 247 PAMIE Scale 248 Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale 250 Hierarchic Dementia Scale 251 Sandoz Clinical Assessment—Geriatric (SCAG) 253 Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) 255 Validity and Reliability of the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study—Clinical, Global Impression of Changes (ADCSCGIC) 256 Echelle Comportement et Adaptation (ECA) Scale 257 CarenapD 258 The FSAB Battery 259 Milan Overall Dementia Assessment 260 Cognitively Impaired Life Quality Scale (CILQ) 262 Quality of Life Assessment Schedule (QOLAS) 263 Page ix The Dementia Quality of Life Instrument 264 An Instrument for Assessing HealthRelated QoL in Persons with AD (ADRQL) 265 CornellBrown Scale for QoL in Dementia 266 The Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity Scale for the Severely Demented 267 Quality of WellBeing Scale 268 Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSID) 269 3 GLOBAL MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS 271 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) 272 Relative’s Assessment of Global Symptomatology (RAGS) 274 Structured Interview for the Diagnosis of the Alzheimer’s Type and Multiinfarct Dementia and Dementias of other Aetiology (SIDAM) 275 Global Assessment of Psychiatric Symptoms (GAPS) 276 The Core Assessment and Outcomes Package for Older People 277 Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales (PAS) 278 Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMSS) 279 Canberra Interview for the Elderly (CIE) 280 Survey Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (SPAS) 281 Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) 284 Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) 286 Nurses’ Observation Scale for Geriatric Patients (NOSGER) 288 Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (CARE) 290 The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Multilevel Assessment Instrument 292 PRIMEMD 293 Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) 294 Easycare: Elderly Assessment System 295 The MOS 36Item ShortForm Health Survey (SF36) 296 Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Older People (HoNOS 65+) 297 4 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 299 Cambridge Neurological Inventory 301 Webster Scale 302 Tardive Dyskinesia Rating Scale (TDRS) 304 Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) 305 Quantification of Physical Illness in Psychiatric Research in the Elderly 306 London Handicap Scale 307 General Medical Health Rating (GMHR) 309 SimpsonAngus Scale (SAS) 310 Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BAS, BARS) 311 5 DELIRIUM 313 Delirium Symptom Interview (DSI) 314 Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) 315 Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) 317 The Delirium Index (DI) 319 6 CAREGIVER ASSESSMENTS 321 Problem Checklist and Strain Scale 322 Ways of Coping Checklist: Revision and Psychometric Properties 324 Screen for Caregiver Burden (SCB) 326
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