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Assessment of the Street Lighting in Lebanon PDF

138 Pages·2015·4.14 MB·English
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Preview Assessment of the Street Lighting in Lebanon

2015 SUSTAINABLE STREET LIGHTING: A Guide on Efficient Public Street Lighting for Lebanon By: Nader Hajj Shehadeh June 8, 2015 Communitiy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Demonstration Project for Lebanon Programme (CEDRO IV) Assessment of the Street Lighting in Lebanon Final Report BY: NADER HAJJ SHEHADEH [ FOREWORD By CEDRO/UNDP ii A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n ACKNOWLEDGMENTS By CEDRO Adib Dahrouj (MPW) Carla Nassab (CEDRO) Ghassan Khairallah (CDR) Hanine Fakih (Live Lebanon) Hassan Harajli (CEDRO) Hatem Al Aissami (MPW) Hoeffel Berberian (Municipality of Hazmieh) Jean Paul Sfeir (Solarnet) Jessica Obeid (CEDRO) Joe Arbid (Greendot) Pierre El Khoury (LCEC) Ramzi Abu Said (ASACO) Rawia Chidiac (MEW) Ronald Diab (EEG) Sarkis Farah (LCEC) Yves Matta (Greendot) iii A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n ABOUT CEDRO By CEDRO iv A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n ABOUT THE AUTHOR Nader Hajj Shehadeh is an energy specialist with 10 years of professional experience in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at both technical and policy levels. He currently works as an energy consultant in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, after working with the UNDP at the Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation since 2008, where he was an energy engineer implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy activities including energy audits, solar water heating initiatives, NEEAP, NEEREA, and many others. Nader holds a BE in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on renewable energy from Notre Dame University. He also holds a Master of Science in International Business from Kedge Business School, a Master of Business Administration from Notre Dame University, and a post- graduate degree in Management of Development Projects from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Mr. Hajj Shehadeh is a LEED GA, a Certified Renewables Grid Manager, a solar energy trainer, and a frequent conference speaker with publications including conference papers, published articles, and guide books. v A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ADT Average Daily Traffic ANSI American National Standards Institute BSI British Standards Institute Cd candela CDR Council of Development and Reconstruction CEDRO Community Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Demonstration Project for Lebanon CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp EDL Electricite du Liban Esc,min Minimum semi-cylindrical illuminance Ev,min Minimum vertical illuminance GLS General Lighting Service HPMV High Pressure Mercury Vapor HPS High Pressure Sodium HPS High Pressure Sodium HVAC Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning HZ Hertz IENSA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America IES Illuminating Engineering Society Lav Average illuminance over whole of used surface LCEC Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation LED Light Emitting Diode LPMV Low Pressure Mercury Vapor LPS Low Pressure Sodium LPS Low Pressure Sodium MEW Ministry of Energy and Water MOB Municipality of Beirut MOIM Ministry of Interior and Municipalities vi A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n MPW Ministry of Public Works PSL Public Street Lighting PV Photovoltaics TFL Tubular Fluorescent Lamp TI Threshold increment TWh Terawatt Hour (109 kWh) UO Uniformity of illuminance vii A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n EXECUTIVE SUMMARY viii A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ii Acknowledgments ________________________________________________________________________________________ iii About CEDRO ______________________________________________________________________________________________ iv About the Author __________________________________________________________________________________________ v List of Acronyms & Abbreviations _____________________________________________________________________ vi Executive Summary _____________________________________________________________________________________ viii Table of Contents _________________________________________________________________________________________ ix List of Tables & Figures __________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Introduction _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 Why Streetlighting? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Basic Definitions __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 Lighting Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________ 17 Energy Efficiency in Lighting ___________________________________________________________________________ 19 Evolution of Street Lighting ____________________________________________________________________________ 23 Street Lighting Standards & Requirements ___________________________________________________________ 26 Public Street Lighting in Lebanon ______________________________________________________________________2 9 Current Trends __________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 Stakeholders: Who Does What? ________________________________________________________________________ 29 Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 Street Lighting Standards & Codes _____________________________________________________________________ 31 Support Initiatives ______________________________________________________________________________________ 31 The Numbers ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 Street Lighting Overview ________________________________________________________________________________ 33 Lighting Fixture _________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 Power Supply ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 Control Systems _________________________________________________________________________________________ 36 Design Considerations __________________________________________________________________________________ 38 Street Lighting Technologies Review __________________________________________________________________ 42 High Pressure Sodium (HPS) ___________________________________________________________________________ 45 Light Emitting Diode (LED) _____________________________________________________________________________ 48 Induction _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 Case Studes from Lebanon ______________________________________________________________________________ 58 ix A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e S t r e e t L i g h t i n g i n L e b a n o n

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