Assessment of the Street Lighting in Lebanon

138 Pages·2015·4.14 MB·English

by  Nader Hajj Shehadeh

2015

SUSTAINABLE STREET LIGHTING:
A Guide on Efficient Public Street Lighting for Lebanon

By:
Nader Hajj Shehadeh

June 8, 2015
Communitiy Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Demonstration Project
for Lebanon Programme (CEDRO IV)

Assessment of the Street Lighting in Lebanon

Final Report

BY: NADER HAJJ SHEHADEH
[
FOREWORD
By CEDRO/UNDP
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
By CEDRO

Adib Dahrouj (MPW)
Carla Nassab (CEDRO)
Ghassan Khairallah (CDR)
Hanine Fakih (Live Lebanon)
Hassan Harajli (CEDRO)
Hatem Al Aissami (MPW)
Hoeffel Berberian (Municipality of Hazmieh)
Jean Paul Sfeir (Solarnet)
Jessica Obeid (CEDRO)
Joe Arbid (Greendot)
Pierre El Khoury (LCEC)
Ramzi Abu Said (ASACO)
Rawia Chidiac (MEW)
Ronald Diab (EEG)
Sarkis Farah (LCEC)
Yves Matta (Greendot)

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ABOUT CEDRO
By CEDRO
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Nader Hajj Shehadeh is an energy specialist with 10 years of professional experience in Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy at both technical and policy levels. He currently works as an
energy consultant in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, after working with the UNDP at the Lebanese
Center for Energy Conservation since 2008, where he was an energy engineer implementing
energy efficiency and renewable energy activities including energy audits, solar water heating
initiatives, NEEAP, NEEREA, and many others.
Nader holds a BE in Mechanical Engineering with emphasis on renewable energy from Notre
Dame University. He also holds a Master of Science in International Business from Kedge
Business School, a Master of Business Administration from Notre Dame University, and a post-
graduate degree in Management of Development Projects from École Polytechnique Fédérale de
Lausanne (EPFL).
Mr. Hajj Shehadeh is a LEED GA, a Certified Renewables Grid Manager, a solar energy trainer,
and a frequent conference speaker with publications including conference papers, published
articles, and guide books.

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LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS

ADT Average Daily Traffic
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BSI British Standards Institute
Cd candela
CDR Council of Development and Reconstruction
CEDRO Community Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Demonstration Project for Lebanon
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp
EDL Electricite du Liban
Esc,min Minimum semi-cylindrical illuminance
Ev,min Minimum vertical illuminance
GLS General Lighting Service
HPMV High Pressure Mercury Vapor
HPS High Pressure Sodium
HPS High Pressure Sodium
HVAC Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
HZ Hertz
IENSA Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
IES Illuminating Engineering Society
Lav Average illuminance over whole of used surface
LCEC Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation
LED Light Emitting Diode
LPMV Low Pressure Mercury Vapor
LPS Low Pressure Sodium
LPS Low Pressure Sodium
MEW Ministry of Energy and Water
MOB Municipality of Beirut
MOIM Ministry of Interior and Municipalities
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MPW Ministry of Public Works
PSL Public Street Lighting
PV Photovoltaics
TFL Tubular Fluorescent Lamp
TI Threshold increment
TWh Terawatt Hour (109 kWh)
UO Uniformity of illuminance

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ii
Acknowledgments ________________________________________________________________________________________ iii
About CEDRO ______________________________________________________________________________________________ iv
About the Author __________________________________________________________________________________________ v
List of Acronyms & Abbreviations _____________________________________________________________________ vi
Executive Summary _____________________________________________________________________________________ viii
Table of Contents _________________________________________________________________________________________ ix
List of Tables & Figures __________________________________________________________________________________ 11
Introduction _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
Why Streetlighting? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Basic Definitions __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
Lighting Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________ 17
Energy Efficiency in Lighting ___________________________________________________________________________ 19
Evolution of Street Lighting ____________________________________________________________________________ 23
Street Lighting Standards & Requirements ___________________________________________________________ 26
Public Street Lighting in Lebanon ______________________________________________________________________2 9
Current Trends __________________________________________________________________________________________ 29
Stakeholders: Who Does What? ________________________________________________________________________ 29
Policies ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 30
Street Lighting Standards & Codes _____________________________________________________________________ 31
Support Initiatives ______________________________________________________________________________________ 31
The Numbers ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
Street Lighting Overview ________________________________________________________________________________ 33
Lighting Fixture _________________________________________________________________________________________ 33
Power Supply ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 34
Control Systems _________________________________________________________________________________________ 36
Design Considerations __________________________________________________________________________________ 38
Street Lighting Technologies Review __________________________________________________________________ 42
High Pressure Sodium (HPS) ___________________________________________________________________________ 45
Light Emitting Diode (LED) _____________________________________________________________________________ 48
Induction _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 55
Case Studes from Lebanon ______________________________________________________________________________ 58
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