Assessment and Therapy - Specialty Articles from Encyclopedia of Mental Health – Elsevier Academic Press PDF
Preview Assessment and Therapy - Specialty Articles from Encyclopedia of Mental Health – Elsevier Academic Press
Name /A1745/A1745_BM 04/12/01 06:27AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 321 # 1 Encyclopedia of Mental Health Editor-in-Chief HowardS.Friedman UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside ExecutiveAdvisoryBoard NancyE.Adler UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco RossD.Parke UniversityofCalifornia,Riverside ChristopherPeterson UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor RobertRosenthal HarvardUniversity RalfSchwarzer FreieUniversita¨tBerlin RoxaneCohenSilver UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine DavidSpiegel StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine 321 Name /A1745/A1745_BM 04/12/01 06:27AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 323 # 3 Contributors CarolynM.Aldwin KellyJ.Brown AssessmentofMentalHealthinOlderAdults Psychopharmacology DepartmentofHumanandCommunity PortlandV.A.MedicalCenter Development Portland,Oregon97201 UniversityofCalifornia,Davis Davis,California95616 AndrewChristensen CouplesTherapy JohnJ.B.Allen DepartmentofPsychology DSM-IV UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles DepartmentofPsychology LosAngeles,California90095 UniversityofArizona Tucson,Arizona85721 PaulT.Costa,Jr. PersonalityAssessment PhilipBarker LaboratoryofPersonalityandCognition FamilyTherapy GerontologyResearchCenter DepartmentsofPediatricsandMedicine NationalInstituteonAging UniversityofCalgaryMentalHealthProgram NationalInstitutesofHealth andAlbertaChildren’sHospital Bethesda,Maryland21224 Calgary,AlbertaT2T5C7,Canada HerbertBenson RobynM.Dawes MeditationandtheRelaxationResponse StandardsforPsychotherapy Mind/BodyMedicalInstitute DepartmentofSocialandDecisionSciences HarvardMedicalSchool CarnegieMellonUniversity BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania15213 Boston,Massachusetts02215 AnitaDeLongis DineshBhugra CopingwithStress SexualDysfunctionTherapy DepartmentofPsychology InstituteofPsychiatry UniversityofBritishColumbia LondonSE58AF,UnitedKingdom Vancouver,BritishColumbiaV6T1Z4,Canada 323 Name /A1745/A1745_BM 04/12/01 06:27AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 324 # 4 324 Contributors PadmaldeSilva MardiJ.Horowitz SexualDysfunctionTherapy Psychoanalysis DepartmentofPsychology DepartmentofPsychiatry InstituteofPsychiatry UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco LondonSE58AF,UnitedKingdom SanFrancisco,California94143 KathleenCoulbornFaller RobertM.Kaplan ChildSexualAbuse BehavioralMedicine UniversityofMichiganSchoolofSocialWork UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,Schoolof AnnArbor,Michigan48104 Medicine SabineElizabethFrench LaJolla,California92093 CommunityMentalHealth DepartmentofPsychology ErnestKeen NewYorkUniversity ClassifyingMentalDisorders:Nontraditional NewYork,NewYork10003 Approaches RichardFriedman BucknellUniversity MeditationandtheRelaxationResponse Lewisburg,Pennsylvania17837 Mind/BodyMedicalInstitute HarvardMedicalSchool DavidN.Kerner BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter BehavioralMedicine Boston,Massachusetts02215 UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,Schoolof Medicine EileenGambrill LaJolla,California92093 ClinicalAssessment SchoolofSocialWelfare JohnF.Kihlstrom UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley HypnosisandthePsychologicalUnconscious Berkeley,California94720 DepartmentofPsychology BenjaminH.Gottlieb UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley SupportGroups Berkeley,California94720 DepartmentofPsychology UniversityofGuelph LauraCousinoKlein Guelph,OntarioN1G2W1,Canada Psychopharmacology SandraA.Graham-Bermann DepartmentofPsychologyandSocialBehavior DomesticViolenceIntervention SchoolofSocialEcology DepartmentofPsychology UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor Irvine,California92697 AnnArbor,Michigan48109 EliseE.Labbe´ NeilE.Grunberg Biofeedback Psychopharmacology DepartmentofPsychology MedicalandClinicalPsychology UniversityofSouthAlabama UniformedServicesUniversityoftheHealth Mobile,Alabama36688 Sciences Bethesda,Maryland20814 MichaelR.Levenson RichardJ.Haier AssessmentofMentalHealthinOlderAdults BrainScanning/Neuroimaging DepartmentofHumanandCommunity DepartmentofPediatrics Development UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,MedicalSchool UniversityofCalifornia,Davis Irvine,California92717 Davis,California95616 Name /A1745/A1745_BM 04/12/01 06:27AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 325 # 5 325 Contributors MaxieC.Maultsby,Jr. LauraWeissRoberts BehaviorTherapy PremenstrualSyndromeTreatmentInterventions DepartmentofPsychiatry DepartmentofPsychiatry HowardUniversityCollegeofMedicine UniversityofNewMexico Washington,DistrictofColumbia20060 SchoolofMedicine Albuquerque,NewMexico87131 TeresitaMcCarty PremenstrualSyndromeTreatmentInterventions TheodoreR.Sarbin DepartmentofPsychiatry ClassifyingMentalDisorders: UniversityofNewMexico NontraditionalApproaches SchoolofMedicine UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz Albuquerque,NewMexico87131 SantaCruz,California95064 RobertR.McCrae EdwardSeidman PersonalityAssessment CommunityMentalHealth LaboratoryofPersonalityandCognition DepartmentofPsychology GerontologyResearchCenter NewYorkUniversity NationalInstituteonAging NewYork,NewYork10003 NationalInstitutesofHealth SallyK.Severino Bethesda,Maryland21224 PremenstrualSyndromeTreatmentInterventions RicardoF.Mun˜oz DepartmentofPsychiatry Depression—AppliedAspects UniversityofNewMexicoSchoolofMedicine DepartmentofPsychiatry Albuquerque,NewMexico87131 SanFranciscoGeneralHospital AlanE.Stewart UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco ConstructivistPsychotherapies SanFrancisco,California94110 DepartmentofPsychology UniversityofFlorida PatriciaMyers Gainesville,Florida32611 MeditationandtheRelaxationResponse Mind/BodyMedicalInstitute KieranT.Sullivan HarvardMedicalSchool CouplesTherapy BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter DepartmentofPsychology Boston,Massachusetts02215 SantaClaraUniversity SantaClara,California95053 RobertA.Neimeyer ConstructivistPsychotherapies MarjorieE.Weishaar DepartmentofPsychology CognitiveTherapy UniversityofMemphis DepartmentofPsychiatryandHumanBehavior Memphis,Tennessee38152 BrownUniversitySchoolofMedicine Providence,RhodeIsland02912 SarahNewth CopingwithStress MariuszWirga DepartmentofPsychology BehaviorTherapy UniversityofBritishColumbia LasVegasMedicalCenter Vancouver,BritishColumbiaV6T1Z4,Canada LasVegas,NewMexico87701 Name /A1745/A1745_FM 04/12/01 06:55AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 7 # 7 About the Editor-in-Chief HOWARDS.FRIEDMANisDistinguishedProfessor SocialScienceCitationIndex.Hisbooksincludetwo of Psychology at the University of California, River- textbooks, Health Psychology and Personality; three side.He also holdsan adjunctappointmentasClini- edited scholarly volumes; and the authored compre- cal Professor at the University of California, San hensive analysis titled The Self-Healing Personality. Diego Medical School. Dr. Friedman attended Yale Dr. Friedman’s research centers around the relations University,graduatingmagnacumlaudewithhonors of mental and physical health, with a special focus in psychology. He was awarded a National Science on expressive style. He has taught undergraduates, Foundation graduate fellowship at Harvard Univer- graduatestudents,medicalstudents,andpostdocs. sity,wherehereceivedhisPh.D. Professor Friedman has received the career Out- ProfessorFriedmanisathrice-electedFellowofthe standing Contributions to Health PsychologyAward American Psychological Association and an elected from the Health Psychology Division of the Ameri- FellowoftheSocietyofBehavioralMedicineandthe can Psychological Association. He also received the American Association for the Advancement of Sci- DistinguishedTeachingAwardfromtheUniversityof ence(AAAS).Friedmanisauthorofmanyinfluential California, Riverside, and the Outstanding Teacher scientific articles in leading journals and was named AwardfromtheWesternPsychologicalAssociation. a ‘‘most-cited psychologist’’ by the publishers of the vii Name /A1745/A1745_FM 04/12/01 06:55AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 9 # 9 Preface A number of scientific and intellectual trends have associated prevention efforts, yet prevention cannot converged to change our understanding of mental sensibly ignore the need for efficacious treatments. health.Conceptionsofmentalhealthandmentaldis- Fourth,wenowemphasizeprimarymentalhealthpro- orders have broadened significantly to take into ac- motion—the structural, environmental, family, and count new knowledge about the genetic, biological, culturalcontextofmentalhealth.Fifth,thebestschol- developmental,social,societal,andculturalnatureof arsnow recognizemeaningfulvariationsacrossages, human beings. Our award-winning Encyclopedia of genders, cultures, families, and societies. That is, to Mental Health was the first to bring together these understand fully and improvesignificantlyaperson’s emergingtrendsinoneresource,andnowthecontri- mental health, we need to know not only about that butions primarily relevant to assessment and to the person’s biological and personal makeup, but also mental disorders are being made more accessible to about his or her age, family, work, and position in those who desire a more concise and focused refer- society. encework. What are these mental health trends affecting our understanding of the disorders? First, our under- CONTENTS standinghasmovedwellbeyondtheartificialnature– nurture dichotomy. We know more and more about This volume on mental disorders thus encompasses the biological underpinnings of mental states and variouslevelsofanalysis,fromthemolecularandbio- behavior, but we also better understand how these logical,throughthesocialandfamily,tothecultural. biological tendencies unfold in a family, social, and Wehavethereforeincludedcoverageofkeytopicsnot cultural environment. Second, we have moved be- traditionally found in such a reference work. We of yondtheold‘‘mental’’versus‘‘physical’’(‘‘mindver- courseincludetopicssuchasclinicalassessment,psy- susbody’’)dichotomies.Toagreaterextentthanpre- choanalysis,brainneuroimaging,andfamilytherapy. viouslyimagined,thereisastrongreciprocalrelation Butwealsoexaminecouplestherapy,supportgroups, between our health and activity and our cognitions, andassessmentofmentalhealthinolderadults.Also moods,and mentalwell-being.Third,theexpertsin- of note is that methodological issues receive atten- creasingly recognize the complementary importance tion throughout, including important chapters on ofpreventionandtreatment.Asimplemodeloftreat- nontraditional approaches to classifying mental dis- ingmental‘‘disease’’isoftenultimatelyfutilewithout orders,andonstandardsofpsychotherapy. ix Name /A1745/A1745_FM 04/12/01 06:55AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 10 # 10 x Preface Stress is increasingly recognized as a complex in- Forexample,takealookatthearticle‘‘Hypnosisand teraction of the person, the environment, the social thePsychologicalUnconscious.’’ supportstructure,andtheculture.Thus,manyofour articles deal with the mental health aspects of such topicsascopingwithstress,aswellassocialsupport DISTINGUISHEDSCHOLARS andcommunitymentalhealth. Aside from the striking breakthroughs at the ge- Withtheassistanceoftheoutstandingeditorialboard, netic and molecular levels, perhaps the greatest cur- we have secured contributions by the most distin- rent interest is in the family and developmental con- guished scholars and practitioners. Many are found- text for mental health and mental impairment. We ersoftheirfields,andtheyarejustlyfamous.Butsome includeatrulyexceptionaldiscussionofvariousrele- contributorsrepresentthebrilliantnewgenerationof vant issues, including expert articles on childhood mental health scholars. I have encouraged the con- abuse, couples therapy, domestic violence therapy, tributors to write about what is most important.We and family therapy. Such articles should certainly be thushaveareferenceworkthatisrootedinthepres- ofvaluetoanyoneinvolvedwiththementalhealthof entandlookingtowardthefuture,ratherthanbogged childrenandfamilies. down in obsolete notions and topics. Emphasis has Finally, we have not neglected those fascinating beenplacedonclarityandaccessibility. topicsusuallywouldnotbeconsideredpsychiatricpa- thology but seem integral to understanding therapy. HowardS.Friedman Name /A1745/A1745_FM 04/12/01 06:55AM Plate # 0-Composite pg 11 # 11 How to Use This Reference Assessment and Therapy is intended for use by pear in the glossary for another article defined in a students, research professionals,andpracticingclini- slightlydifferentmannerorwithasubtlenuancespe- cians.Eacharticleservesasacomprehensiveoverview cifictothatarticle.Forclarity,wehaveallowedthese of a given area, providing both breadth of coverage differencesindefinitiontoremainsothatthetermsare for students and depth of coverage for research and definedrelativetothecontextoftheparticulararticle. clinicalprofessionals.Wehavedesignedthisreference Thearticleshavebeencross-referencedtootherre- withthefollowingfeaturesformaximumaccessibility latedarticles.Cross-referencesarefoundatthefirstor forallreaders. predominant mention of a subject area covered else- Articlesarearrangedalphabeticallybysubject.Be- where.Cross-referenceswillalwaysappearattheend causethereader’stopicofinterestmaybelistedunder ofaparagraph.Wheremultiplecross-referencesapply a broaderarticletitle,weencourageuseoftheIndex toasingleparagraph,thecross-referencesarelistedin for access to a subject area, rather than use of the alphabetical order. We encourage readers to use the Table of Contents alone. Because a topic of study in cross-references to locate other articlesthatwillpro- mentalhealthisoftenapplicabletomorethanonear- videmoredetailedinformationaboutasubject. ticle,theIndexprovidesacompletelistingofwherea TheBibliographylistsrecentsecondarysourcesto subjectiscoveredandinwhatcontext. aid the reader in locating more detailed or technical Each article contains an outline, a glossary,cross- information.Reviewarticlesandresearcharticlesthat references, and a bibliography. The outline allows a are considered of primary importance to the under- quick scan of the major areas discussed within each standing of a given subject area arealso listed.Bibli- article. The glossary contains terms that may be un- ographiesarenotintendedtoprovideafullreference familiar to the reader, with each term defined in the listingofallmaterialcoveredinthecontextofagiven contextofitsuseinthatarticle.Thus,atermmayap- article,butareprovidedasguidestofurtherreading. xi Friedman, H.S. (Ed.) (2001) Assessment and Therapy - Specialty Articles from Encyclopedia of Mental Health – Elsevier Academic Press
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