Until recently, the standardization of diagnosis and assessment of per- sonality disorders has lagged considerably behind that for most other mental disorders. The IPDE is a new instrument which can produce through its two modules diagnoses in accordance with both ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria. The IPDE is a semistructured clinical interview that provides a means of arriving at the diagnosis of major categories of per- sonality disorders and of assessing personality traits in a standardized and reliable way. It is unique in that it secures reliable information in dif- ferent cultural settings. Written by leading international authorities, this volume forms an invaluable reference manual to the IPDE instrument. Its first section includes an overview of the results of the worldwide field trials of the interview and discussion of the current status of diagnosis and assessment research. The second section detailing the full interview schedule and scoring system for the instrument will further facilitate its use by both clinician and researcher. Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders The ICD-10 international personality disorder examination (IPDE) Edited by Armand W. Loranger, Cornell University Medical College, Aleksandar Janca, World Health Organization, and Norman Sartorius, University of Geneva CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521580434 © World Health Organization 1997 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1997 This digitally printed version 2007 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorders: the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE)/edited by Armand W. Loranger, Aleksandar Janca, and Norman Sartorius. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-521-58043-9 (hardback) 1. International Personality Disorder Examination. 2. Personality disorders-Diagnosis. I. Loranger, Armand W. (Armand Walter), 1930- . II. Janca, A. III. Sartorius, N. [DNLM: 1. Personality Disorders — diagnosis. 2. Psychiatric Status Rating Scales. 3. Personality Assessment. WM 190 A846 1997] RC544.A87 1997 616.85'8-dc21 96-45992 CIP DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress ISBN 978-0-521-58043-4 hardback ISBN 978-0-521-04166-9 paperback VII Contents Contributors ix Preface Armand W. Loranger, Aleksandar Janca and Norman Sartorius xi Acknowledgements xiii I Background and Field Trial Background Problems in the field of personality disorders 3 Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli Review of diagnostic instruments for the assessment of personality disorders Armand W. Loranger 10 Epidemiology of DSM-III personality disorders in the community and in clinical populations James H. Reich and Giovanni de Girolamo 18 International personality disorder examination (IPDE) Armand W. Loranger 43 Experiences with the IPDE Alv A. Dahl and Antonio Andreoli 52 Field Trial Sampling, interviewers, interview procedures Werner Mombour 58 viii Contents Description of centres participating in the IPDE field trial Aleksandar Janca and Charles Pull 61 Results Armand W. Loranger 70 Discussion and conclusions Armand W. Loranger 79 Appendix II International personality disorder examination (IPDE) ICD-10 module Acknowledgements 113 Manual 114 History of the IPDE 114 ICD-10 and DSM-IV 115 Translations of the IPDE 115 Structure of the IPDE 116 Scope of the IPDE 117 Appropriate subjects 118 Limitations of the IPDE 118 Examiner qualifications and training 120 Administration of the IPDE 121 Scoring conventions 122 Recording the scores 124 Computer scoring 124 Handscoring 125 Frequently asked questions about the administration of the IPDE 125 Abbreviating the IPDE 127 Reliability and validity of the IPDE 128 References 129 ICD-10 criteria and corresponding IPDE items 130 IPDE ICD-10 module screening questionnaire 134 IPDE ICD-10 module screening questionnaire scoring summary 137 IPDE ICD-10 module interview schedule 138 IPDE ICD-10 module answer sheet 205 IPDE ICD-10 module handscoring algorithms and summary scoresheet 206 Index 223 IX Contributors Dr Antonio Andreoli Hopital cantonal Unite d'urgences psychiatriques Rue Micheli-du-crest 24 1211 Geneva 14 Switzerland Tel: 00 41 22 372 3866; Fax: 00 41 22 372 8599 DrAlvA.Dahl Department of Psychiatry University of Oslo P.O. Box 85 Vinderen 0319 Oslo 3 Norway Tel: 00 47 22 92 35 30; Fax: 00 47 22 49 58 61 Dr Giovanni de Girolamo Servizio Salute Mentale Viale Popoli 5 50123 Bologna Italy Tel: 00 39 51 649 1166; Fax: 00 39 51 649 2322 Dr Aleksandar Janca Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Tel: 00 41 22 791 3856; Fax 00 41 22 791 4160