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301 Pages·2017·3.63 MB·English
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/23505 SHARE Ū ſ Ŷ Þ Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence DETAILS 300 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-44271-8 | DOI 10.17226/23505 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Evaluating Approaches to Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity; Food and Nutrition Board; Health and Medicine Division; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports  – 10% off the price of print titles  – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests  – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Committee on Evaluating Approaches to Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Food and Nutrition Board Health and Medicine Division Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by Grant No. 72377 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, fndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily refect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-44271-8 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-44271-0 Digital Object Identifer: 10.17226/23505 Additional copies of this workshop summary are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2016 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Assessing prevalence and trends in obesity: Navigating the evidence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23505. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and t echnology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the c harter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contri- butions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of S ciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engi- neering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public under- standing in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence COMMITTEE ON EVALUATING APPROACHES TO ASSESSING PREVALENCE AND TRENDS IN OBESITY SHARI BARKIN (Chair), Professor of Pediatrics and William K. Warren Foundation Endowed Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN CHERYL A. M. ANDERSON, Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla LYNN A. BLEWETT, Professor of Health Policy and Director, State Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC), University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis ELIZABETH GOODMAN, Associate Chief for Community-Based Research, MassGeneral Hospital for Children and Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ROSS HAMMOND, Senior Fellow, Economic Studies Program and Director, Center on Social Dynamics and Policy, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC SANDRA HASSINK, Immediate Past President, American Academy of Pediatrics and Director, American Academy of Pediatrics Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight, Elk Grove Village, IL AMY H. HERRING, Carol Remmer Angle Distinguished Professor of Children’s Environmental Health, Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill GIRIDHAR MALLYA, Director of Policy and Planning, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (until September 2015) MICHAEL G. PERRI, Dean, College of Public Health and Health Professions, and the Robert G. Frank Endowed Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville EDUARDO SANCHEZ, Chief Medical Offcer for Prevention, American Heart Association, Dallas, TX JACKSON P. SEKHOBO, Director, Evaluation, Research and Surveillance Unit, Division of Nutrition, New York State Department of Health, Menands, NY SHUMEI S. SUN, W. Hans Carter Professor and Chair, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (from July 2015) v Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Consultant DONALD HEDEKER, Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, IL Study Staff MEGHAN QUIRK, Study Director JANET MULLIGAN, Senior Program Associate for Research (until January 2016) ANNA BURY, Research Assistant (from December 2015) RENEE GETHERS, Senior Program Assistant ANN L. YAKTINE, Director, Food and Nutrition Board vi Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Reviewers This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confdential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Lawrence D. Brown, University of Pennsylvania Christina D. Economos, Tufts University Barbara C. Hansen, University of South Florida Shiriki Kumanyika, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Cynthia L. Ogden, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Louise Ryan, University of Technology Sydney David A. Savitz, Brown University Andrea Sharma, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Anna Maria Siega-Riz, University of Virginia Marion Standish, The California Endowment Mary T. Story, Duke University Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions vii Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence viii REVIEWERS or recommendations nor did they see the fnal draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Eileen T. Kennedy, Tufts University, and Diane F. Birt, Iowa State University. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the fnal content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution. Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence Preface Obesity prevalence and trend estimates are at the crux of informing research, policies, and interventions. Stakeholders at the national, state, regional, local, and community levels search for information relevant to their particular jurisdictions to know how best to proceed. Often times, however, the available estimates appear to provide different accounts of the same issue. Obesity prevalence could be increasing, decreasing, or stabiliz- ing depending on which published report is being considered. Underlying these seemingly conficting results are not only fundamental principles of epidemiology and statistics, but also methodological approaches specifc to the assessment of obesity. The interplay of these factors can make interpre- tation and application of the results challenging. It is the intent of this con- sensus report to examine key elements that affect the meaning of an obesity prevalence and trend estimate in order to help those seeking to use the published reports to systematically inform the decisions they need to make. Prior to my involvement with this consensus study, I thought review- ing published reports was a relatively straightforward process. I relied on my training and experiential knowledge to guide my understanding of the fndings. As a researcher who collects height and weight data on preschool- aged children, I was well aware of how diffcult it can be to measure a young child, but also how critical it is in accurately assessing obesity sta- tus. As a medical doctor who has seen the demographic characteristics of my patient population change over time, I have encountered infuxes and effuxes of population groups that exhibit different levels of obesity risk and have recognized that this has direct implications for understanding obesity prevalence and trends in my community. Now at the end of this study, I ix Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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