Aspects of Toleration: Philosophical Studies PDF
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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: POLITICAL SCIENCE ASPECTS OF TOLERATION ASPECTS OF TOLERATION Philosophical Studies Edited by JOHN HORTON & SUSAN MENDUS Volume 41 First published 1985 This edition first published in 2010 by Routledge 2Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USAand Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor &Francis Group, an informa business The collection © 1985 Methuen & Co. Ltd The individual contributions © 1985 the respective authors All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechan- ical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 10: 0-415-49111-8 (Set) ISBN 13: 978-0-415-49111-2 (Set) ISBN 10: 0-415-55582-5 (Volume 41) ISBN 13: 978-0-415-55582-1 (Volume 41) Publisher’s Note The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent. Disclaimer The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace. ASPECTS OF TOLERATION PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES Edited by JOHN HORTON & SUSAN MENDUS Methuen London and New York First published in 1985 by Methuen & Co. Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Published in the USA by Methuen & Co. in association with Methuen, Inc. 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 The collection © 1985 Methuen & Co. Ltd 1985 The individual contributions © the respective authors 1985 Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge Filmset by Northumberland Press Ltd, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Aspects of toleration. 1. Toleration I. Horton, John II. Mendus, Susan 179'.9 BJ1431 ISBN 0-416-39290-3 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Aspects of toleration. Includes index. Contents: Introduction/John Horton and Susan Mendus-Toleration, individual differences and respect for persons/ Albert W eale-Toleration and right to freedom/Thomas Baldwin-[etc.] 1. Toleration-Addresses, Essays, Lectures I. Horton, John Oohn P.) II. Mendus, Susan BJ1431.A86 1985 179'.9 85-13656 ISBN 0-416-39290-3 Contents Preface Vll Introduction 1 JOHN HORTON AND SUSAN MENDUS 1 Toleration, individual differences and respect for persons 16 ALBERT WEALE 2 Toleration and the right to freedom 36 THOMAS BALDWIN 3 Repressive toleration revisted: Mill, Marcuse, Macintyre 53 ALEX CALLINICOS 4 Toleration and the English blasphemy law 75 DAVID EDWARDS 5 Harm, offence and censorship 99 SUSAN MENDUS 6 Toleration, morality and harm 113 JOHN HORTON 7 Toleration, harm and moral effect 136 PETER JONES 8 Toleration as a moral ideal 158 PETER P. NICHOLSON Index 175 Preface All the essays in this volume arose from a programme of studies concerned with philosophical and theoretical aspects of toleration, initiated and supported by the C. and J. B. Morrell Trust, based at the University of York. The Trust supports an annual lecture given by a person of international repute, a postgraduate course on political philosophy with special reference to toleration (financing five annual studentships), a research fellow, an annual conference and a regular series of seminars attended by interested members of the Politics and Philosophy Departments at York. The essays in this volume, with one exception, were originally pre sented as papers to the previously mentioned seminars and benefited from their discussion in those meetings. The one exception, the essay by Peter Jones, was presented at the first annual Toleration Conference in 1983 and seemed especially appropriate to be included in this volume. Peter Jones, a lecturer in the Department ofPolitics at the University ofNewcastle, is the only contributor who was not a member of either the Politics or Philosophy Departments of the University of York. Thomas Baldwin has subsequently moved to the University of Cambridge. Our principal acknowledgement is of course to the Trustees of the C. and J. B. Morrell Trust, both for their general support of the study of toleration and in particular for their generous financial and other assistance towards the publication of this book. All the contributors have been helpful but we would especially like to thank David Edwards, Peter Nicholson and Albert Weale for their advice and suggestions. We have also been very fortunate that Methuen chose as an external referee Professor David Raphael, who has taken an exceptionally conscientious and constructive interest in the book's progress. Another, anonymous, referee also made some useful suggestions. The manuscript was typed most ASPECTS OF TOLERATION efficiently by Sally Baker, Sally Cuthbert, Barbara Dodds, Kathleen Hunter, Barbara Olive and Dorothy Skidmore.Jo Guise and Dorothy Skidmore also provided valuable administrative assistance and Lynne Horton helped with proofreading. Finally, Nancy Marten has been as sympathetic and helpful an editor as we could hope to have had. Introduction JOHN HORTON AND SUSAN MENDUS The essays in this volume are concerned with the theoretical and conceptual issues involved in the idea of toleration. They discuss these issues primarily in the context of contemporary debates about racial, religious and sexual toleration. However, in con sidering these problems, the contributors often refer to and draw upon the work of earlier philosophers and political theorists. In particular, John Stuart Mill's essay On Liberty is a frequent point of reference and it is this work that provides the theoretical context for much contemporary writing on toleration. 1 However, Mill's work itself is the culmination of over three hundred years of discussion and debate about the place of toleration in the modern state of Western Europe and, more latterly, North America. In this introduction we shall first very briefly indicate some of the main developments in ideas about toleration with especial emphasis on Mill's seminal essay; we will then consider the three main areas of practical concern with which the essays in this collection deal; and finally we will identify what we take to be some of the most significant theoretical issues which are relevant to those practical problems and which the essays in this volume explore. * Many of the most powerful and lasting arguments for toleration have their roots in the religious controversies and struggles, originating with the Reformation, which divided Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Early formulations and defences of the idea of toleration were often developed to cope 1
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