Aspects of Monotheism How God Is One SYMPOSIUM AT THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SPONSORED BY THE RESIDENT ASSOCIATE PROGRAM OCTOBER 19, 1996 By Donald B. Redford, William G. Dever, P. Kyle McCarter, Jr., and John J. Collins Edited by Hershel Shanks and Jack Meinhardt Aspects of Monotheism Copyright © 2012 Biblical Archaeology Society 4710 41st St. NW Washington, DC 20016 All rights reserved. First published by the Biblical Archaeology Society, 1997. ISBN: 978-1-935335-83-2 First edition: 1997 ON THE COVER: Michelangelo’s Separation of Light from Darkness painted on the vault of the Sistine Chapel. Photo by Scala/Art Resource, NY Contents Introduction The Monotheism of Akhenaten Folk Religion in Early Israel: Did Yahweh Have a Consort? The Religious Reforms of Hezekiah and Josiah Jewish Monotheism and Christian Theology Audience Questions Glossary About the Authors Acknowledgments