ASME BPVC 2013 - Section VIII, Division 2: Alternative Rules

834 Pages·2013·24.18 MB·English

by  ASME

2013
ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code
AN INTERNATIO NAL C ODE
VIII
Rules for Construction of
Pressure Vessels
Division 2
Alternative Rules

AN INTERNATIONAL CODE
2013 ASME Boiler &
Pressure Vessel Code
2013 Edition July 1, 2013
VIII
RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION
OF PRESSURE VESSELS
Division 2
Alternative Rules
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee
on Pressure Vessels
Two Park Avenue (cid:129) New York, NY (cid:129) 10016 USA
DateofIssuance:July1,2013
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ListofSections ................................................................................ xvi
Foreword ..................................................................................... xviii
StatementofPolicyontheUseoftheCertificationMarkandCodeAuthorizationinAdvertising ............ xx
StatementofPolicyontheUseofASMEMarkingtoIdentifyManufacturedItems ........................ xx
SubmittalofTechnicalInquiriestotheBoilerandPressureVesselStandardsCommittees ................. xxi
Personnel ..................................................................................... xxiii
SummaryofChanges ........................................................................... xxxviii
ListofChangesinRecordNumberOrder .......................................................... xlvi
Cross-ReferencingandStylisticChangesintheBoilerandPressureVesselCode ......................... l
Part1 GeneralRequirements .......................................................... 1
1.1 General ........................................................................ 1
1.2 Scope .......................................................................... 1
1.3 StandardsReferencedbyThisDivision ............................................. 4
1.4 UnitsofMeasurement ........................................................... 4
1.5 Tolerances ..................................................................... 5
1.6 TechnicalInquiries .............................................................. 5
1.7 Tables ......................................................................... 5
Annex1-A .............................................................................. 7
Annex1-B Definitions .................................................................... 8
Annex1-C GuidanceForTheUseOfU.S.CustomaryAndSIUnitsInTheASMEBoilerAndPressure
VesselCodes ................................................................. 10
Part2 ResponsibilitiesandDuties ..................................................... 16
2.1 General ........................................................................ 16
2.2 UserResponsibilities ............................................................ 16
2.3 Manufacturer’sResponsibilities ................................................... 18
2.4 TheInspector ................................................................... 20
Annex2-A GuideForCertifyingAUser’sDesignSpecification ................................ 21
Annex2-B GuideForCertifyingAManufacturer’sDesignReport ............................. 23
Annex2-C ReportFormsandMaintenanceofRecords ....................................... 25
Annex2-D GuideForPreparingManufacturer’sDataReports ................................ 27
Annex2-E QualityControlSystem ......................................................... 37
Annex2-F ContentsandMethodofStamping ............................................... 40
Annex2-G ObtainingAndUsingCertificationMarkStamps ................................... 44
Annex2-H GuidetoInformationAppearingontheCertificateofAuthorization ................ 46
Annex2-I EstablishingGoverningCodeEditionsandCasesforPressureVesselsandParts ..... 49
Part3 MaterialsRequirements ........................................................ 50
3.1 GeneralRequirements ........................................................... 50
3.2 MaterialsPermittedForConstructionofVesselParts ................................. 50
3.3 SupplementalRequirementsforFerrousMaterials ................................... 57
3.4 SupplementalRequirementsforCr–MoSteels ....................................... 58
3.5 SupplementalRequirementsforQ&TSteelswithEnhancedTensileProperties ........... 59
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3.6 SupplementalRequirementsforNonferrousMaterials ................................ 60
3.7 SupplementalRequirementsforBolting ............................................ 61
3.8 SupplementalRequirementsforCastings ........................................... 63
3.9 SupplementalRequirementsforHubsMachinedFromPlate ........................... 65
3.10 MaterialTestRequirements ....................................................... 66
3.11 MaterialToughnessRequirements ................................................. 68
3.12 AllowableDesignStresses ........................................................ 80
3.13 StrengthParameters ............................................................. 80
3.14 PhysicalProperties .............................................................. 80
3.15 DesignFatigueCurves ........................................................... 80
3.16 DesignValuesforTemperaturesColderThan−30°C(−20°F) ........................... 80
3.17 Nomenclature .................................................................. 80
3.18 Definitions ..................................................................... 81
3.19 Tables ......................................................................... 81
3.20 Figures ........................................................................ 90
Annex3-A AllowableDesignStresses ...................................................... 111
Annex3-B RequirementsforMaterialProcurement ......................................... 133
Annex3-C ISOMaterialGroupNumbers .................................................... 134
Annex3-D StrengthParameters ........................................................... 135
Annex3-E PhysicalProperties ............................................................. 142
Annex3-F DesignFatigueCurves .......................................................... 143
Part4 DesignbyRuleRequirements ................................................... 151
4.1 GeneralRequirements ........................................................... 151
4.2 DesignRulesforWeldedJoints .................................................... 157
4.3 DesignRulesforShellsUnderInternalPressure ..................................... 187
4.4 DesignofShellsUnderExternalPressureandAllowableCompressiveStresses ........... 215
4.5 DesignRulesforOpeningsinShellsandHeads ...................................... 240
4.6 DesignRulesforFlatHeads ....................................................... 273
4.7 DesignRulesforSphericallyDishedBoltedCovers ................................... 282
4.8 DesignRulesforQuick-Actuating(QuickOpening)Closures ........................... 292
4.9 DesignRulesforBracedandStayedSurfaces ........................................ 293
4.10 DesignRulesforLigaments ....................................................... 296
4.11 DesignRulesforJacketedVessels .................................................. 302
4.12 DesignRulesforNoncircularVessels ............................................... 316
4.13 DesignRulesforLayeredVessels .................................................. 363
4.14 EvaluationofVesselsOutsideofTolerance .......................................... 381
4.15 DesignRulesforSupportsandAttachments ......................................... 382
4.16 DesignRulesforFlangedJoints .................................................... 399
4.17 DesignRulesforClampedConnections ............................................. 423
4.18 DesignRulesforShellandTubeHeatExchangers .................................... 431
4.19 DesignRulesforBellowsExpansionJoints .......................................... 487
4.20 DesignRulesforFlanged-and-FluedorFlanged-OnlyExpansionJoints .................. 518
Annex4-A .............................................................................. 521
Annex4-B GuidefortheDesignandOperationofQuick-Actuating(Quick-Opening)Closures ... 522
Annex4-C BasisForEstablishingAllowableLoadsForTube-To-TubesheetJoints .............. 525
Annex4-D GuidancetoAccommodateLoadingsProducedbyDeflagration ..................... 533
Part5 DesignbyAnalysisRequirements ................................................ 535
5.1 GeneralRequirements ........................................................... 535
5.2 ProtectionAgainstPlasticCollapse ................................................. 536
5.3 ProtectionAgainstLocalFailure ................................................... 541
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5.4 ProtectionAgainstCollapseFromBuckling .......................................... 542
5.5 ProtectionAgainstFailureFromCyclicLoading ...................................... 543
5.6 SupplementalRequirementsforStressClassificationinNozzleNecks ................... 555
5.7 SupplementalRequirementsforBolts .............................................. 556
5.8 SupplementalRequirementsforPerforatedPlates .................................... 556
5.9 SupplementalRequirementsforLayeredVessels ..................................... 556
5.10 ExperimentalStressAnalysis ...................................................... 557
5.11 FractureMechanicEvaluations .................................................... 557
5.12 Definitions ..................................................................... 557
5.13 Nomenclature .................................................................. 559
5.14 Tables ......................................................................... 563
5.15 Figures ........................................................................ 571
Annex5-A LinearizationOfStressResultsForStressClassification ........................... 574
Annex5-B HistogramDevelopmentAndCycleCountingForFatigueAnalysis .................. 591
Annex5-C AlternativePlasticityAdjustmentFactorsAndEffectiveAlternatingStressForElastic
FatigueAnalysis ............................................................. 594
Annex5-D StressIndices .................................................................. 599
Annex5-E DesignMethodsForPerforatedPlatesBasedOnElasticStressAnalysis ............. 606
Annex5-F ExperimentalStressandFatigueAnalysis ........................................ 637
Part6 FabricationRequirements ...................................................... 644
6.1 GeneralFabricationRequirements ................................................. 644
6.2 WeldingFabricationRequirements ................................................. 649
6.3 SpecialRequirementsforTube-To-TubesheetWelds .................................. 654
6.4 PreheatingandHeatTreatmentofWeldments ....................................... 654
6.5 SpecialRequirementsForCladorWeldOverlayLinings,andLinedParts ................ 659
6.6 SpecialRequirementsforTensilePropertyEnhancedQandTFerriticSteels ............. 660
6.7 SpecialRequirementsforForgedFabrication ........................................ 664
6.8 SpecialFabricationRequirementsforLayeredVessels ................................ 668
6.9 SpecialFabricationRequirementsforExpansionJoints ................................ 670
6.10 Nomenclature .................................................................. 671
6.11 Tables ......................................................................... 672
6.12 Figures ........................................................................ 690
Annex6-A PositiveMaterialIdentificationPractice .......................................... 696
Part7 InspectionandExaminationRequirements ....................................... 704
7.1 General ........................................................................ 704
7.2 ResponsibilitiesandDuties ....................................................... 704
7.3 QualificationofNondestructiveExaminationPersonnel ............................... 704
7.4 ExaminationofWeldedJoints ..................................................... 705
7.5 ExaminationMethodandAcceptanceCriteria ........................................ 710
7.6 FinalExaminationofVessel ....................................................... 717
7.7 LeakTesting .................................................................... 717
7.8 AcousticEmission ............................................................... 717
7.9 Tables ......................................................................... 718
7.10 Figures ........................................................................ 729
Annex7-A ResponsibilitiesandDutiesforInspectionandExaminationActivities .............. 744
Part8 PressureTestingRequirements ................................................. 749
8.1 GeneralRequirements ........................................................... 749
8.2 HydrostaticTesting .............................................................. 751
8.3 PneumaticTesting ............................................................... 752
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8.4 AlternativePressureTesting ...................................................... 753
8.5 Documentation ................................................................. 753
8.6 Nomenclature .................................................................. 754
Part9 PressureVesselOverpressureProtection ........................................ 755
9.1 GeneralRequirements ........................................................... 755
9.2 PressureReliefValves ........................................................... 756
9.3 Non-ReclosingPressureReliefDevices ............................................. 756
9.4 CalculationofRatedCapacityforDifferentRelievingPressuresand/orFluids ............ 756
9.5 MarkingandStamping ........................................................... 757
9.6 ProvisionsforInstallationofPressureRelievingDevices .............................. 757
9.7 OverpressureProtectionbyDesign ................................................ 757
Annex9-A BestPracticesfortheInstallationandOperationofPressureReliefDevices ......... 758
FIGURES
2-F.1 FormofStamping ................................................................... 43
2-H.1 SampleCertificateofAuthorization .................................................... 48
3.1 Cr-MoHeatTreatmentCriteria ........................................................ 90
3.2 TypicalLocationsforTensileSpecimens ................................................ 91
3.3 CharpyV-NotchImpactTestRequirementsforFull-SizeSpecimensforCarbonandLowAlloySteels
AsaFunctionoftheMinimumSpecifiedYieldStrength–PartsNotSubjecttoPWHT ........ 91
3.3M CharpyV-NotchImpactTestRequirementsforFull-SizeSpecimensforCarbonandLowAlloySteels
AsaFunctionoftheMinimumSpecifiedYieldStrength–PartsNotSubjecttoPWHT ........ 92
3.4 CharpyV-NotchImpactTestRequirementsforFull-SizeSpecimensforCarbonandLowAlloySteels
AsaFunctionoftheMinimumSpecifiedYieldStrength–PartsSubjecttoPWHT ........... 93
3.4M CharpyV-NotchImpactTestRequirementsforFull-SizeSpecimensforCarbonandLowAlloySteels
AsaFunctionoftheMinimumSpecifiedYieldStrength–PartsSubjecttoPWHT ........... 94
3.5 IllustrationofLateralExpansioninaBrokenCharpyV-NotchSpecimen ..................... 95
3.6 LateralExpansionRequirements ...................................................... 96
3.6M LateralExpansionRequirements ...................................................... 96
3.7 ImpactTestExemptionCurves–PartsNotSubjecttoPWHT .............................. 97
3.7M ImpactTestExemptionCurves–PartsNotSubjecttoPWHT .............................. 98
3.8 ImpactTestExemptionCurves-PartsSubjecttoPWHTandNon-weldedParts ............... 99
3.8M ImpactTestExemptionCurves-PartsSubjecttoPWHTandNon-weldedParts ............... 100
3.9 TypicalVesselDetailsIllustratingTheGoverningThickness ............................... 102
3.10 TypicalVesselDetailsIllustratingtheGoverningThickness ................................ 103
3.11 TypicalVesselDetailsIllustratingtheGoverningThickness ................................ 104
3.12 ReductionintheMDMTwithoutImpactTesting–PartsNotSubjecttoPWHT ................ 105
3.12M ReductionintheMDMTwithoutImpactTesting–PartsNotSubjecttoPWHT ................ 106
3.13 ReductionintheMDMTwithoutImpactTesting-PartsSubjecttoPWHTandNon-weldedParts 107
3.13M ReductionintheMDMTwithoutImpactTesting-PartsSubjecttoPWHTandNon-weldedPartsfor
Figures3.12,3.12M,3.13,and3.13M ................................................. 108
3.14 OrientationandLocationofTransverseCharpyV-NotchSpecimens ......................... 109
3.15 WeldMetalDeltaFerriteContent ...................................................... 110
4.2.1 WeldJointLocationsTypicalOfcategoriesA,B,C,D,andE ................................ 183
4.2.2 SomeBracket,LugandStiffenerAttachmentWeldDetails ................................. 183
4.2.3 SomeAcceptableMethodsofAttachingStiffeningRings ................................... 185
4.2.4 SomeAcceptableSkirtWeldDetails .................................................... 186
4.3.1 ConicalShell ........................................................................ 208
4.3.2 OffsetTransitionDetail .............................................................. 208
4.3.3 TorisphericalHeadofUniformThickness ............................................... 209
4.3.4 TorisphericalHeadofDifferentThicknessofDomeandKnuckle ........................... 209
4.3.5 EllipsoidalHead ..................................................................... 209
4.3.6 LocalThinBandinaCylindricalShell .................................................. 210
4.3.7 ShellsSubjectedtoSupplementalLoadings .............................................. 211
4.3.8 ConicalTransitionDetails ............................................................ 212
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4.3.9 ReinforcementRequirementsforConicalTransitionJunction .............................. 213
4.3.10 ParametersforKnuckleandFlareDesign ............................................... 214
4.4.1 LinesofSupportorUnsupportedLengthforTypicalVesselConfigurations .................. 233
4.4.2 LinesofSupportorUnsupportedLengthforUnstiffenedandStiffenedCylindricalShells ....... 234
4.4.3 StiffenerRingParameters ............................................................ 235
4.4.4 VariousArrangementsofStiffeningRingsforCylindricalVesselsSubjectedtoExternalPressure 236
4.4.5 MaximumArcofShellLeftUnsupportedBecauseofaGapintheStiffeningRingofaCylindricalShell
UnderExternalPressure ........................................................... 237
4.4.6 LinesofSupportorUnsupportedLengthforUnstiffenedandStiffenedConicalShells .......... 238
4.4.7 LinesofSupportorUnsupportedLengthforUnstiffenedandStiffenedConicalShellTransitionswith
orwithoutaKnuckle .............................................................. 239
4.5.1 NomenclatureforReinforcedOpenings ................................................. 262
4.5.2 NomenclatureforVariableThicknessOpenings .......................................... 263
4.5.3 RadialNozzleinaCylindricalShell .................................................... 264
4.5.4 HillsideNozzleinaCylindricalShell ................................................... 265
4.5.5 NozzleinaCylindricalShellOrientedatanAnglefromtheLongitudinalAxis ................ 266
4.5.6 RadialNozzleinaConicalShell ....................................................... 267
4.5.7 NozzleinaConicalShellOrientedPerpendiculartotheLongitudinalAxis ................... 268
4.5.8 NozzleinaConicalShellOrientedParalleltotheLongitudinalAxis ......................... 269
4.5.9 RadialNozzleinaFormedHead ....................................................... 270
4.5.10 HillsideorPerpendicularNozzleinaFormedHead ...................................... 270
4.5.11 ExampleofTwoAdjacentNozzleOpenings .............................................. 271
4.5.12 ExampleofThreeAdjacentNozzleOpenings ............................................ 271
4.5.13 MetalAreaDefinitionforA withVariableThicknessofSet-inNozzles ...................... 272
2
4.5.14 MetalAreaDefinitionforA withVariableThicknessofSet-onNozzles ..................... 273
2
4.6.1 IntegralFlatheadWithaLargeCentralOpening ......................................... 282
4.7.1 TypeADishedCoverwithaBoltingFlange ............................................. 290
4.7.2 TypeBSphericallyDishedCoverwithaBoltingFlange ................................... 290
4.7.3 TypeCSphericallyDishedCoverwithaBoltingFlange ................................... 291
4.7.4 TypeDSphericallyDishedCoverwithaBoltingFlange ................................... 291
4.7.5 TypeDHeadGeometryforAlternativeDesignProcedure ................................. 292
4.9.1 TypicalFormsofWeldedStaybolts .................................................... 295
4.10.1 ExampleofTubeSpacingWiththePitchofHolesEqualinEveryRow ...................... 297
4.10.2 ExampleofTubeSpacingWiththePitchofHolesUnequalinEverySecondRow .............. 298
4.10.3 ExampleofTubeSpacingWiththePitchofHolesVaryinginEverySecondandThirdRow ..... 298
4.10.4 ExampleofTubeSpacingWiththeTubeHolesonDiagonalLines .......................... 299
4.10.5 DiagramforDeterminingtheEfficiencyofLongitudinalandDiagonalLigamentsBetweenOpenings
inCylindricalShells ............................................................... 300
4.10.6 DiagramforDeterminingtheEquivalentEfficiencyofDiagonalLigamentsBetweenOpeningsin
CylindricalShells .................................................................. 301
4.11.1 TypesofJacketedVessels ............................................................ 314
4.11.2 TypesofPartialJackets .............................................................. 315
4.11.3 HalfPipeJackets .................................................................... 316
4.12.1 Type1NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 349
4.12.2 Type2NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 350
4.12.3 Type3NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 351
4.12.4 Type4NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 352
4.12.5 Type5NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 353
4.12.6 Type6NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 354
4.12.7 Type6NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 355
4.12.8 Type7NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 356
4.12.9 Type8NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 357
4.12.10 Type9NoncircularVessels ........................................................... 358
4.12.11 Type10NoncircularVessels .......................................................... 359
4.12.12 Type11NoncircularVessels .......................................................... 360
4.12.13 Type12NoncircularVessels .......................................................... 361
vii
4.12.14 Multi-DiameterHoles ................................................................ 361
4.12.15 RectangularVesselsWithMultipleCompartments ........................................ 362
4.13.1 SomeAcceptableLayeredShellTypes .................................................. 369
4.13.2 SomeAcceptableLayeredHeadTypes .................................................. 370
4.13.3 TransitionsofLayeredShellSections ................................................... 371
4.13.4 SomeAcceptableWeldedJointsofLayered-To-LayeredandLayered-To-SolidSections ......... 372
4.13.5 SomeAcceptableSolidHeadAttachmentstoLayeredShellSections ......................... 373
4.13.6 SomeAcceptableFlatHeadsandTubesheetsWithHubsJoiningLayeredShellSections ........ 375
4.13.7 SomeAcceptableFlangesforLayeredShells ............................................. 376
4.13.8 SomeAcceptableLayeredHeadAttachmentstoLayeredShells ............................. 377
4.13.9 SomeAcceptableNozzleAttachmentstoLayeredShellSections ............................ 378
4.13.10 SomeAcceptableSupportsforLayeredVessels .......................................... 380
4.13.11 GapBetweenVesselLayers ........................................................... 381
4.14.1 LTABlendRadiusRequirements ...................................................... 381
4.15.1 HorizontalVesselonSaddleSupports .................................................. 391
4.15.2 CylindricalShellWithoutStiffeningRings ............................................... 392
4.15.3 CylindricalShellWithStiffeningRingsinthePlaneoftheSaddle ........................... 393
4.15.4 CylindricalShellWithStiffeningRingsonBothSidesoftheSaddle ......................... 394
4.15.5 LocationsofMaximumLongitudinalNormalStressandShearStressintheCylinder .......... 395
4.15.6 LocationsofMaximumCircumferentialNormalStressesintheCylinder ..................... 396
4.15.7 SkirtAttachmentLocationonVerticalVessels ........................................... 397
4.15.8 ATypicalHot-BoxArrangementforSkirtSupportedVerticalVessels ........................ 398
4.16.1 IntegralTypeFlanges ................................................................ 415
4.16.2 IntegralTypeFlangeswithaHub ...................................................... 416
4.16.3 IntegralTypeFlangesWithNutStops-DiameterLessThanorEqualto450mm(18in.) ...... 417
4.16.4 IntegralTypeFlangesWithNutStops-DiameterGreaterThan450mm(18in.) .............. 418
4.16.5 LooseTypeFlanges .................................................................. 419
4.16.6 LooseTypeLapJointTypeFlanges .................................................... 420
4.16.7 ReverseFlanges ..................................................................... 421
4.16.8 LocationofGasketReactionLoadDiameter ............................................. 422
4.17.1 TypicalHubandClampConfiguration .................................................. 430
4.17.2 TypicalClampLugsConfigurations ..................................................... 431
4.18.1 TerminologyofHeatExchangerComponents ............................................ 472
4.18.2 TubesheetGeometry ................................................................. 473
4.18.3 TypicalUntubedLaneConfigurations .................................................. 474
4.18.4 U-TubeTubesheetConfigurations ...................................................... 475
4.18.5 FixedTubesheetConfigurations ....................................................... 476
4.18.6 Z ,Z ,Z ,andZ VersusX .......................................................... 477
d v w m a
4.18.7
F VersusX ........................................................ 478
m a
4.18.8
F VersusX ...................................................... 479
m a
4.18.9 ShellWithIncreasedThicknessAdjacenttotheTubesheets ................................ 480
4.18.10 FloatingTubesheetHeatExchangers ................................................... 481
4.18.11 StationaryTubesheetConfigurations ................................................... 482
4.18.12 FloatingTubesheetConfigurations ..................................................... 483
4.18.13 SomeAcceptableTypesofTube-To-TubesheetStrengthWelds ............................. 484
4.18.14 TubeLayoutPerimeter ............................................................... 485
4.18.15 IntegralChannels ................................................................... 486
4.18.16 SomeRepresentativeConfigurationsDescribingtheMinimumRequiredThicknessoftheTubesheet
FlangedExtension,h ............................................................... 486
r
4.19.1-1 TypicalBellowsExpansionJoints ...................................................... 505
4.19.1-2 StartingPointsfortheMeasurementoftheLengthofShellonEachSideofBellows ........... 506
4.19.2 PossibleConvolutionProfileinNeutralPosition ......................................... 507
4.19.3 DimensionstoDetermineI .......................................................... 507
xx
4.19.4 BellowsSubjecttoanAxialDisplacementx .............................................. 508
4.19.5 BellowsSubjecttoaLateralDisplacementy .............................................. 508
viii