fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page v Asking Questions The Definitive Guide to Questionnaire Design— For Market Research, Political Polls, and Social and Health Questionnaires, Revised Edition fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page i fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page ii fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page iii Asking Questions fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page iv Norman M. Bradburn Seymour Sudman Brian Wansink fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page v Asking Questions The Definitive Guide to Questionnaire Design— For Market Research, Political Polls, and Social and Health Questionnaires, Revised Edition fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page vi Copyright © 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741 www.josseybass.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, e-mail: [email protected]. Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly call our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 800-956-7739, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3986, or fax 317-572-4002. Jossey-Bass also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bradburn, Norman M. Asking questions : the definitive guide to questionnaire design—for market research, political polls, and social and health questionnaires / Norman M. Bradburn, Brian Wansink, Seymour Sudman.—Rev. ed. p. cm. Earlier ed. by Sudman and Bradburn with Sudman named first. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-7879-7088-3 (alk. paper) 1. Social sciences—Research. 2. Questionnaires. I. Wansink, Brian. II. Sudman, Seymour. III. Title. H62.B63 2004 300'.72'3—dc22 2004001683 Printed in the United States of America FIRSTEDITION PB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page vii Contents Preface and Acknowledgments xi The Authors xv Part I. Strategies for Asking Questions 1. The Social Context of Question Asking 3 Part II. Tactics for Asking Questions 2. Asking Nonthreatening Questions About Behavior 35 3. Asking Threatening Questions About Behavior 79 4. Asking Questions About Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions 117 5. Asking and Recording Open-Ended and Closed-Ended Questions 151 6. Asking Questions that Measure Knowledge 179 7. Asking Questions that Evaluate Performance 213 8. Asking Psychographic Questions 243 9. Asking Standard Demographic Questions 261 Part III. Drafting and Crafting the Questionnaire 10. Organizing and Designing Questionnaires 283 11. Questionnaires from Start to Finish 315 vii fm.Bradburn 3/12/04 11:28 AM Page viii viii CONTENTS 12. Asking Questions FAQs 323 Bibliography and Recommended Readings 335 Glossary 347 Index 367 Appendix A: List of Academic and Not-for-Profit Survey Research Organizations 375 Appendix B: Illinois Liquor Control Commission: College Student Survey 411 Appendix C: Faculty Retention Survey 417 Appendix D: Kinko’s: Open-ended Service Satisfaction Survey 425