Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia

301 Pages·2016·8.118 MB·English

by  Tony Fielding

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Asian Migrations
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2 This textbook describes and explains the complex reality of contemporary
1 internal and international migrations in East Asia. Taking an interdisciplinary
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0: approach, Tony Fielding combines theoretical debate and detailed empirical
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t analysistoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofthecausesandconsequences
a of the many types of contemporary migration flows in the region.
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e Key features of Asian Migrations:
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a (cid:1) Comprehensive coverage of all forms of migration including labour
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a, migration, studentmigration, marriagemigration, displacementand human
ni trafficking.
or (cid:1) Tex tboxes containing key concepts and theories.
lif (cid:1) More than 30 maps and diagrams.
a
C (cid:1) Equal attention devoted to broad structures (e.g. political economy) and
of individual agency (e.g. migration behaviours).
y (cid:1) Emphasis on the conceptual and empirical connections between internal
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s and international migrations.
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ve (cid:1) Exploration of the policy implications of the trends and processes
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n discussed.
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[
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b Written by an experienced scholar and teacher of migration studies, this is an
d essential text for courses on East Asian migrations and mobility, and important
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d reading for courses on international migration and Asian societies more
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o generally.
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o Tony Fielding is a Research Professor in Human Geography, Sussex Centre
D
for Migration Research, University of Sussex, UK.
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Asian Migrations
Social and geographical mobilities in
Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia
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3 Tony Fielding
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Add AddAdAddd
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Firstpublished2016
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN
andbyRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
7 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
1
0 ©2016TonyFielding
2
y TherightofTonyFieldingtobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhasbeen
r
a assertedbyhiminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,
u
r DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
b
e Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor
F
3 utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now
2 knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin
1 anyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting
0 fromthepublishers.
:
0
1 Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered
t trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithout
a
] intenttoinfringe.
o
g BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
ie AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
D
n LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
a Fielding,Tony(AnthonyJ.)author.
S Asianmigrations:socialandgeographicalmobilitiesinSoutheast,East,and
a, NortheastAsia/TonyFielding.
ni pagescm
or Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
f 1.EastAsia–Emigrationandimmigration.2.SoutheastAsia–Emigration
i
al andimmigration.I.Title.
C JV8756.5.T542016
f 304.8095–dc23
o
y 2015010098
t
i
s
r
e ISBN:978-0-415-63946-0(hbk)
v
i ISBN:978-0-415-63947-7(pbk)
n
U ISBN:978-1-315-86356-6(ebk)
[
y TypesetinBembo
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d byTaylor&FrancisBooks
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3 To all my East Asian friends over the last 25 years, whose
2
1 company I have very much enjoyed and from whom I
0
0: have learnt so much.
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Contents
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23 List of figures xi
1 List of tables xiii
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0: List of boxes xiv
1
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o] 1 Context: East Asian economy, space and society 1
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Di 1.0 Introduction: migration, time, and place 1
n 1.1 East Asian economy 3
a
S 1.2 East Asian space 6
a, 1.3 East Asian society 9
i
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r 1.4 East Asian migrations: a typology 13
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Ca 2 Context: East Asian migrations – an historical overview 22
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y 2.0 Introduction 22
it 2.1 Southeast Asia 26
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er 2.2 ‘China’ 30
v
ni 2.3 Northeast Asia 35
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2.4 Epilogue: World War II 39
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y 2.5 Conclusion: the implications of this history for an understanding of
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d migrations in East Asia today 40
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o 3 Heaven’s door: Southeast Asia’s international migration flows 48
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o 3.0 Introduction 48
D
3.1 Indonesia (and Timor Leste) 51
3.2 Singapore 56
3.3 Malaysia (and Brunei) 60
3.4 Thailand 67
3.5 Myanmar/Burma 74
3.6 Laos 76
viii Contents
3.7 Cambodia 77
3.8 Vietnam 80
3.9 Philippines 83
3.10 Conclusion 92
7 4 Shadows in the forest: Southeast Asia’s internal migration flows 106
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2 4.0 Introduction 106
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r 4.1 Indonesia (and Timor Leste) 107
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u 4.2 Singapore 112
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e 4.3 Malaysia (and Brunei) 112
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3 4.4 Thailand 115
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1 4.5 Myanmar 118
0 4.6 Laos 119
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o 4.9 Philippines 126
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e 4.10 Conclusion 126
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a 5 Asia’s global diaspora: China plus’s international migration flows 139
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ia, 5.0 Introduction 139
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or 5.1 Chinese diaspora: North America 140
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i 5.2 Chinese diaspora: Western Europe 141
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C 5.3 Chinese diaspora: other countries 141
of 5.4 Contemporary emigration from the PRC 142
y 5.5 Illegal migration from China: trafficking 143
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r 5.6 Chinese immigration: return migration 143
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v 5.7 Hong Kong/Macao: immigration and emigration 145
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U 5.8 Taiwan: emigration and immigration 148
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y 5.9 Mongolia: emigration and immigration 151
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d 5.10 Conclusion 152
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oa 6 Turbulent transitions: China plus’s internal migration flows 162
l
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w 6.0 Introduction 162
o
D 6.1 Urban and regional development in China 162
6.2 Ethnic, social and demographic diversity in China 164
6.3 Internal migration in China: the household registration
(hukou) system 165
6.4 Urbanization and rural depopulation 166
6.5 The ‘floating population’: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou 171
6.6 Interregional migration 173
Contents ix
6.7 Forced migration and resettlement 175
6.8 Gender and ethnic aspects of migration 177
6.9 Internal migrations in Taiwan and Mongolia 178
6.10 Conclusion 179
7 7 Capitalism’s global warriors: Japanese and Korean international
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0 migration flows 193
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r 7.0 Introduction 193
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u 7.1 Japanese emigration 193
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e 7.2 Korean emigration (South and North) 195
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3 7.3 ‘Oldcomer’ immigrants in Japan 196
1 2 7.4 ‘Newcomer’ immigrants in Japan: ‘multicultural coexistence’ 197
0 7.5 Female migration to Japan from Southeast Asia 202
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1 7.6 Youth migration to Japan 204
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a 7.7 Nikkeijin migrants to Japan from Latin America 204
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o 7.8 Korean immigration 210
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e 7.9 Emigration from and immigration to the Russian Far East 214
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n 7.10 Conclusion 218
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a, 8 Confucian capitalism’s hyper-urbanization: Japanese and Korean
ni internal migration flows 228
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i 8.0 Introduction 228
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C 8.1 Urban and regional development in Japan 228
of 8.2 Rural depopulation and urbanization in Japan 229
y 8.3 The population ‘turnaround’ in Japan 230
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r 8.4 Migration to and from the Tokyo metropolitan region 231
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v 8.5 Intra-urban residential mobility in Japan 242
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U 8.6 Gender, ethnicity and the life course in Japan: relations
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y to migration 244
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d 8.7 Internal migration in South (and North) Korea 246
e 8.8 Migration from North Korea to South Korea 247
d
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o 8.9 Internal migration to, from, and within the Russian Far East 248
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n 8.10 Conclusion 249
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9 Migration and globalization: East Asian migrations now and in
the future 253
9.0 Introduction 253
9.1 Trade, investment and migration in East Asia: the effects of the global
economic crisis 253
9.2 Migration and labour market integration in East Asia 255