Asian Free Trade Agreements and WTO Compatibility: Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation and Economic Cooperation PDF
Preview Asian Free Trade Agreements and WTO Compatibility: Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation and Economic Cooperation
ASIAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND WTO COMPATIBILITY Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation and Economic Cooperation World Scientific Studies in International Economics (ISSN: 1793-3641) Series Editor Robert M. Stern, University of Michigan and University of California-Berkeley, USA Editorial Board Vinod K. Aggarwal, University of California-Berkeley, USA Alan Deardorff, University of Michigan, USA Paul De Grauwe, London School of Economics, UK Barry Eichengreen, University of California-Berkeley, USA Mitsuhiro Fukao, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Robert L. Howse, New York University, USA Keith E. Maskus, University of Colorado, USA Arvind Panagariya, Columbia University, USA Vol. 25 Priorities and Pathways in Services Reform: Part II — Political Economy Studies edited by Christopher Findlay (University of Adelaide, Australia) Vol. 26 World Trade Organization and International Trade Law: Antidumping, Subsidies and Trade Agreements by Gary N Horlick (Law Offices of Gary N Horlick, USA & University of Bern, Switzerland) Vol. 27 European Economic Integration, WTO Membership, Immigration and Offshoring by Wilhelm Kohler (University of Tübingen, Germany) Vol. 28 Services Trade Reform: Making Sense of It by Philippa Dee (Australian National University, Australia) Vol. 29 The Social Value of the Financial Sector: Too Big to Fail or Just Too Big? edited by Viral V Acharya (New York University, USA & Centre for Economic Policy (CEPR), UK), Thorsten Beck (Tilburg University, The Netherlands & Centre for Economic Policy (CEPR), UK), Douglas D Evanoff (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, USA), George G Kaufman (Loyola University Chicago, USA), & Richard Portes (London Business School, UK & Centre for Economic Policy (CEPR), UK) Vol. 30 The Role of Central Banks in Financial Stability: How Has It Changed? edited by Douglas D Evanoff (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, USA), Cornelia Holthausen (European Central Bank, Germany), George G Kaufman (Loyola University Chicago, USA) & Manfred Kremer (European Central Bank, Germany) Vol. 31 Exchange Rates and Global Financial Policies by Paul De Grauwe (London School of Economics, UK) Vol. 32 Asian Free Trade Agreements and WTO Compatibility: Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation and Economic Cooperation by Shintaro Hamanaka (Asian Development Bank, Philippines) The complete list of the published volumes in the series can be found at http://www.worldscientific.com/series/wssie 32World Scientific Studies in International Economics ASIAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND WTO COMPATIBILITY Goods, Services, Trade Facilitation and Economic Cooperation Shintaro Hamanaka Asian Development Bank World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hamanaka, Shintaro. Asian free trade agreements and WTO compatibility : goods, services, trade facilitation and economic cooperation / by Shintaro Hamanaka (Asian Development Bank, Philippines). pages cm. -- (World scientific studies in international economics, ISSN 1793-3641 ; volume 32) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-9814460408 1. Free trade--Asia. 2. Asia--Foreign economic relations. 3. Asia--Commercial policy. 4. Asia--Commercial treaties. 5. World Trade Organization--Asia. I. Title. HF2294.H36 2014 382'.71095--dc23 2013038714 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Copyright © 2014 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. In-house Editor: Alisha Nguyen Typeset by Stallion Press Email: [email protected] Printed in Singapore December6,2013 13:35 9inx6in AsianFreeTradeAgreementsandWTOCompatibility b1620-fm Tomyparents v December6,2013 13:35 9inx6in AsianFreeTradeAgreementsandWTOCompatibility b1620-fm TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk December6,2013 13:35 9inx6in AsianFreeTradeAgreementsandWTOCompatibility b1620-fm Preface Thetrendtowardregionalismhascontinuedtogrowintherecentdecade and a half, while the concept of regions continually evolves across time, too.InEurope,the“dominoeffect”tooktheformof outsiders’participa- tion in the existing regional framework, although in Asia, it leads to the proliferationof newbilateralfreetradeagreements(FTAs).Meanwhile,at themultilaterallevel,tradenegotiationshavebeenfacingseriouschallenges anddifficultieswithoutanyconcreteprospectofconclusion. Given the changing dynamics of regionalism and multilateralism,it is timelytore-considertherelationshipbetweenthetwo,especiallyfroman Asian perspective. In the past,before the proliferation of FTAs,there had beenseriouseffortstotheorize“open”regionalismbyAsia-Pacificscholars, but the discussion then mainly focused on preferential tariff treatment. However,theFTAsproliferatinginAsiaactuallycovernotonlytariffsbut alsootherissuessuchastradefacilitationandservices. In my previous book, Asian Regionalism and Japan: Politics of Mem- bership in Regional Diplomatic, Financial and Trade Groups (Routledge, 2009), I emphasized the “exclusive” aspect of regionalism mainly from international relations standpoint. Regionalism can be best understood asapoliticalprojectpursuedbyanunconfident“leader”toassumeexclu- sive influence within the limited geographical area. In contrast, in this research, I analyzed regionalism, especially trade regionalism, from the opposite angle. I considered how to make regionalism covering various issueareasasopenaspossiblefromeconomicstandpoint. There is a genuine concern that the proliferation of FTAs ruins the functionof themultilateraltradingsystem.Thisisbecauserecentpolicy- makersandscholars,facedwiththeoverwhelmingstatusof FTAsinAsia, tendtofocusonissuesthatmaybetoounrealisticortechnical.However, neitherdreamsnortrickscansolvetheproblem.Rather,consciouspolicy efforts are necessary to make regionalism open in order to reduce their vii December6,2013 13:35 9inx6in AsianFreeTradeAgreementsandWTOCompatibility b1620-fm viii AsianFreeTradeAgreementsandWTOCompatibility negative external effects on outsiders, just like what was practiced in the past.Itisimportanttore-emphasizethesignificanceof openregionalism inthecontextofthe2010sasitissimplynaturaltoexpectreform-oriented regionalcooperationtobeveryopen. Finally,Iwouldliketoemphasizetheimportanceofhavinganacademic critical mind in conducting research, especially policy-oriented research. KarlPopper’scriticalrationalism ishighlyimportantintacklingcontested topicsbothintheoryandpracticesuchastherelationshipbetweenregion- alismandmultilateralism.Theconfusionontherelationshipbetweenthe two“-isms”can be partly attributed to lack of serious studies conducted byscholarswithacademic criticalmindswhoarenotoverwhelmedbythe currentsituation.Ibelievethatthisstudyhasmadeagoodattemptinthis regard. December6,2013 13:35 9inx6in AsianFreeTradeAgreementsandWTOCompatibility b1620-fm Summary of Contents Preface vii ListofIllustrations xv ListofAbbreviations xvii Chapter1: Introduction ConceptualizingtheWTOCompatibilityofFTAs 1 Chapter2: AnalyticalFrameworkforWTOFriendlinessofFTAs HowtoCheckIfTheyAreReal“Friends”ofWTO? 11 Chapter3: FreeTradeAgreementsinGoods IsTradeBilateralisminAsiaConsistentwithWTO RulesandNorms? 51 Chapter4: RegionalApproachestoTradeFacilitation AreRegionalTradeFacilitationMeasures DiscriminatoryagainstNon-members? 113 Chapter5: RegionalServicesAgreements WhatIstheValueofGATS-plusRegional ServicesCommitments? 155 Chapter6: EconomicCooperationunderFTAs DoFTAsImposeWTO-PlusTechnicalAssistance ObligationsonMembers? 201 Chapter7: Conclusion Counter-intuitivePolicyImplicationsfor WTO-CompatibleFTAs 249 References 257 Index 273 ix
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