Asia in Japan’s Embrace: Building a Regional Production Alliance PDF
Preview Asia in Japan’s Embrace: Building a Regional Production Alliance
ASIA IN JAPAN'S EMBRACE CAMBRIDGEASIA-PACIFICSTUDIES Cambridge Asia-PacificStudies aims to provide a focus and forumforscholarlyworkon theAsia-Pacificregionasawhole, and its .component sub-regions, namely Northeast Asia, SoutheastAsiaandthe PacificIslands. Editor:JohnRavenhill Editorial Board:James Cotton, Donald Denoon, Mark Elvin, DavidGoodman,StephenHenningham,Hal Hill,DavidLim, Ron May,AnthonyMilner,TessaMorris-Suzuki. R GerardWard and Elizabeth Kingdon (eds) Land, Custom andPracticein theSouthPacific Stephanie Lawson Tradition VersusDemocracy in the South Pacific ASIA IN JAPAN'S EMBRACE Building a Regional Production Alliance WALTER HATCH and KOZO YAMAMURA HenryM.JacksonSchoolofInternationalStudies UniversityofWashington CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521565158 © Cambridge University Press 1996 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1996 Reprinted 1997, 1999 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Hatch, Walter Asia in Japan’s embrace: building a regional production alliance/Walter Hatch and Kōzō Yamamura. p. cm. - (Cambridge Asia-Pacific Studies). Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japan - Foreign economic relations - Asia. 2. Asia - Foreign economic relations - Japan. 3. Strategic alliances (Business) - Japan. 4. Strategic alliances (Business) - Asia. 5. Trading blocs - Asia. I. Yamamura, Kōzō, II. Title. III. Series. HF1602.15.A74H38 1996 37.5052-dc20 96-282 isbn 978-0-521-56176-1 Hardback isbn 978-0-521-56515-8 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work is correct at the time of first printing but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Contents ListofTables vi ListofFigures vii Preface viii PartOne: Co-ProsperityAgain 1 CrossingBorders:TheJapanese Difference 3 2 FlyingGeese: An UnequalAlliance in Asia 20 PartTwo:TheEmbracerandtheEmbraced 3 Cooperationbetween Unequals 43 4 The PoliticalEconomyofJapan 62 5 ThePoliticalEconomyofAsia 77 6 HoldingTechnology 97 PartThree:AJapaneseAllianceinAsia 7 TheVisible Handshake 115 8 Vertical VeinsofHumanity 130 9 The LaborNetwork 146 10 The SupplyNetwork 158 PartFour:APowerfulEmbrace 11 TheTies thatBind 175 12 Looseningthe Knot 192 Notes 205 SelectBibliography 261 Index 275 v Tables 1.1 Japan'sTechnologyExports toAsia 8 1.2 Japan'sManufacturingTechnologyExports toAsia 8 5.1 Asia's Macro-indicators 79 5.2 Ethnic Chinese in ASEAN-4 82 6.1 JoiningForces:Japan's Major SemiconductorPartnerships inAsia 105 7.1 Regional DistributionofJapanese ODA 128 8.1 Asian Countries towhichJapan isLeadingDonor (1992) 131 10.1 SourceofProcurementsbyJapanese Manufacturers Overseas (1992) 159 11.1 Destination ofJapan'sManufacturedExports 179 11.2 Destination ofAsia's Manufactured Exports 181 11.3 IntrafirmTradebyJapanese Firms in AsiaasaPercentage ofTheirTotal TradewithinAsia 186 vi Figures 1.1 Japanese andUSFDIin Asia 5 1.2 Japanese ManufacturingFDIinAsia 7 1.3 ShareofTotal FDIbyJapaneseSMEsGoing toAsia 7 2.1 Evolution ofJapanese Networks in Asia 24 2.2 Toyota MotorNetwork 26 2.3 MitsubishiMotorsNetwork 34 5.1 ScientistsandTechniciansWorkinginR&D 84 7.1 The "AsianBrain"ManagingEconomicCooperation 120 9.1 Japanese Personnelin ManufacturingAffiliatesin Asia 156 11.1 Asia'sTradeBalancewith the UnitedStates, European Community, andJapan 175 vii Preface Attheturnofthelast century, theUnitedStateswasplantedfirmlyin the Asia-Pacific region. It hadopened trade relationswith ChinaandJapan, exploredanumberofislands,andevenlaidclaimto itsown archipelago, the Philippines. Puffed up with patriotic pride, expansionists such as Chauncey Depew crowed that the Pacific Ocean had become an "Americanlake"dominatedbyUSmerchantvesselsandwarships.'Asia's fate, theybelieved,wasAmerica's. As a new centuryunfolds, US aircraft carriers laden with sailors and fighterjetssteam in andoutofTokyo Bay,servingasfloating symbolsof America's now unrivaled military clout in a post-Cold War world. US container ships cruise these waters as well. But they are vastly out- numberedbyJapanesevesselscarryingautomobileparts,.machinetools, and myriadelectricand electronic productsmanufacturedbyJapanese- affiliated firms all over the region. We are exaggerating only a little in saying that, in termsofcommerce, the "Americanlake"has all butdried up; a 'Japaneselake"isrisingin itsplace. TheebbandflowofeconomicpowerinAsia,thegrowthcenterofthe worldeconomy,iscriticallyimportantto everyoneinsideandoutsidethis region. While the industrialized economies of the world limp along, hoping for a growth rate of 3 percent a year, the industrializing eco- nomies ofAsia are expandingat phenomenal rates ofup to 13 percent. DevelopingAsia,whichdoesnotincludeJapan,generatedonly9percent oftheworld'soutputin 1990, butisgeneratinga largershare everyyear and could, according to one estimate, contribute more than 50 percent viii
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