Arts and Culture Institutions as Urban Anchors - Penn Institute for

147 Pages·2013·2.79 MB·English

Arts and Culture Institutions
as Urban Anchors
Livingston Case Studies
in Urban Development
August 2014

Arts and Culture Anchor Institutions as Urban Anchors

Livingston Case Studies in Urban Development

Penn Institute for Urban Research
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA

Eugénie L. Birch, Cara Griffin, Amanda Johnson, Jonathon Stover

Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1

Case 1. The Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, Miami, Florida:
Creating a New Institution ........................................................................................... 5

Case 2. Arena Stage, Washington, D.C.: Developing The Mead Center .................. 25

Case 3. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois: Attracting Civic Support ...... 41

Case 4: The High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia: Expanding the Museum ......... 55

Case 5: The Kimmel Center: Facing Challenges ...................................................... 65

Case 6: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Library, San Jose, California: Developing a
Joint Library ............................................................................................................... 87

Case 7: The Music Center: Taking on New Roles .................................................. 109

Case 8: The Woodruff Arts Center, Atlanta, Georgia:
Adapting to a Changing City ................................................................................... 125

Introduction

Urban Anchors Additionally,
 Penn
 IUR
 convenes

anchor
 institution
 leaders,
 their
 civic

collaborators,
 and
 technical
 experts
 for

The
 appeal
 of
 many
 of
 the

intense,
 day-­‐long
 roundtable
 discussions.

country’s
 most
 successful
 cities
 comes

These
 Penn
 IUR
 Roundtable
 on
 Anchor

from
 their
 anchor
 institutions,

Institutions
 (PRAI)
 sessions
 offer
 an

geographically
 rooted
 entities
 that
 offer

opportunity
 to
 engage
 with
 peers,

the
 jobs,
 services,
 entertainment
 options,

strategize
 solutions,
 compare
 notes
 from

social
 centers,
 and
 other
 necessities
 and

the
 field,
 and
 build
 a
 community
 of
 anchor

amenities
 that
 make
 urban
 life
 attractive.

institutions.
 Prior
 to
 engaging
 in
 these

These
 may
 be
 universities,
 hospitals,

sessions,
 institution
 leaders
 work
 with

sports
 facilities,
 performing
 or
 visual
 arts

Penn
 IUR
 to
 develop
 a
 case
 statement
 that

and
 other
 cultural
 facilities,
 public

outlines
 a
 compelling
 local
 challenge.

utilities,
 and
 some
 large
 churches
 and

Many
 of
 the
 case
 studies
 presented

local
 corporations.

here
 originated
 with
 materials
 and

Serving
 as
 engines
 of
 urban

discussions
 at
 PRAI
 2008
 (Arena
 Stage,

renaissance
 –
 and
 sometimes
 even

Woodruff
 Arts
 Center)
 and
 PRAI
 2010

survival
 –
 in
 many
 places,
 anchor

(Art
 Institute
 of
 Chicago,
 High
 Museum)

institutions
 are
 also
 magnets
 for

and
 reflect
 the
 challenges
 the
 institutions

economic
 development.
 Their
 influence

were
 contending
 with
 at
 that
 time.
 These

derives
 from
 their
 landholdings
 as
 well
 as

materials
 have
 been
 supplemented
 with

from
 their
 capacity
 as
 large
 employers,

additional
 interviews
 and
 research,
 and

revenue
 generators,
 and
 goods
 and

addressed
 to
 a
 broader
 audience.
 Other

services
 purchasers.
 They
 contribute
 to

case
 studies
 (Arsht
 Center,
 Martin
 Luther

urban
 reinvention
 and
 civic
 pride,
 and

King,
 Jr.
 Library)
 are
 included
 here
 to

attract
 knowledge-­‐industry
 workers
 and

illuminate
 lessons
 most
 useful
 to
 those
 in

suburban
 spenders.
 They
 often
 fill

public
 policy
 fields.

important
 vacuums
 when
 footloose

These
 case
 studies
 illuminate
 the

industries
 leave
 a
 city.

issues
 with
 which
 organizations
 grapple,

Public
 policymakers
 and
 scholars

whether
 they
 seek
 to
 build
 a
 new

have
 taken
 note
 of
 the
 value
 of
 anchor

institution,
 or
 expand
 an
 existing

institutions:
 a
 growing
 body
 of
 knowledge

institution,
 or
 simply
 find
 a
 place
 in
 an

about
 their
 worth
 has
 developed
 over
 the

ever-­‐changing
 metropolitan
 environment.

past
 ten
 years.
 Penn
 IUR
 is
 a
 leader
 in
 this

We
 believe
 that
 sharing
 the
 processes

field.
 Penn
 IUR
 Co-­‐Directors
 Eugenie

that
 these
 institutions
 have
 gone
 through

Birch
 and
 Susan
 Wachter
 are
 among
 the

will
 help
 students
 of
 public
 policy

co-­‐founders
 of
 the
 National
 Anchor

understand
 the
 kinds
 of
 hurdles
 –
 both

Institution
 Task
 Force,
 an
 organization

internal
 and
 external
 –
 that
 these

that
 develops
 and
 disseminates

institutions
 face
 in
 engaging
 with
 their

knowledge
 that
 helps
 create
 mutually

cities.
 Our
 hope
 is
 that
 this
 improved

beneficial
 anchor
 institution/community

understanding
 will
 facilitate
 coordination

partnerships.

Introduction 1
among
 all
 parties
 involved
 in
 creating
  developing
 and
 implementing
 a

mutually
 beneficial
 relationships
 between
  campus
 improvement
 plan
 and

institutions
 and
 civic
 communities.

  considering
 how
 to
 better
 meet
 the

plan’s
 objectives,
 in
 particular
 the

animating
 of
 the
 new
 central
 piazza.

• Philadelphia’s
 Kimmel
 Center

Arts and Culture Institutions
opened
 in
 2001
 to
 mixed
 reviews:
 its

Much
 of
 the
 existing
 literature
 on
  design
 drew
 strong
 feelings,
 both

anchor
 institutions
 focuses
 on
  positive
 and
 negative,
 and
 its

educational
 and
 medical
 anchors
 (“eds
  acoustics
 were
 generally
 criticized.

and
 meds”)
 and
 stadiums,
 which
 –
 while
  Over
 the
 next
 ten
 years
 it
 continued
 to

important
 –
 are
 not
 the
 only
 urban
 anchor
  face
 public
 criticism
 and
 internal

institutions
 in
 their
 communities.
 Penn
  challenges.
 This
 case
 illustrates
 the

IUR’s
 roundtable
 series
 has
 gathered
  ongoing
 difficulties
 of
 creating
 an

representatives
 of
 less
 publicized
 types
 of
  anchor
 institution
 from
 scratch.

anchors.
 Here
 we
 share
 case
 studies
 of
  • The
 Martin
 Luther
 King,
 Jr.
 Library

arts
 and
 culture
 institutions.

  serves
 as
 both
 the
 main
 library
 for
 the

• The
 Adrienne
 Arsht
 Center
 for
 the
  city
 of
 San
 José
 and
 the
 only
 library
 for

Performing
 Arts
 case
 study
 offers
  San
 José
 State
 University.
 This
 case

insights
 into
 the
 conditions
 that
  explores
 the
 challenges
 of
 melding
 the

empower
 public,
 private,
 and
  operations,
 missions,
 resources,
 and

institutional
 entities
 to
 create
  users
 of
 two
 distinct
 entities
 in
 order

successful
 anchor
 institutions.
 This
  to
 develop
 and
 operate
 a
 single

case
 study
 explores
 the
 factors
 that
  institution.

enabled
 the
 Arsht
 Center
 of
 Miami,
  • The
 Music
 Center
 case
 study

Florida
 to
 mature
 as
 an
 organization
  examines
 the
 institution
 during
 a

in
 ways
 that
 serve
 its
 constituents.
  decade
 of
 change
 –
 in
 the
 process
 of

• The
 Arena
 Stage
 case
 study
 explores
  transforming
 its
 role
 within
 its

the
 decisions
 that
 resulted
 in
 the
  community,
 which
 was
 itself

development
 of
 the
 Mead
 Center,
 a
  undergoing
 a
 transformation.

new
 complex
 completed
 in
 2010.
 It
  • This
 case
 study
 describes
 how
 the

examines
 the
 issues
 that
 arose
 as
  Woodruff
 Arts
 Center
 has
 adapted
 to

Arena
 Stage
 weighed
 community
  Atlanta,
 Georgia’s
 growth,
 focusing
 on

interests
 with
 financial
 and
 political
  the
 major
 changes
 the
 Woodruff

considerations
 while
 striving
 to
 grow
  implemented
 between
 2000
 and
 2010,

as
 a
 nationally
 recognized
 theater
  in
 order
 to
 provide
 insight
 into
 the

company
 in
 Washington,
 D.C.
  relationship
 between
 the
 structure

• The
 Art
 Institute
 of
 Chicago
 case
  and
 culture
 of
 a
 city
 and
 the

study
 details
 the
 efforts
 the
 institute
  operations
 of
 an
 arts
 anchor

undertook
 to
 attract
 civic
 support
  institution.

during
 trying
 financial
 times.

• The
 High
 Museum
 case
 study

explores
 the
 institution’s
 experience

expanding
 and
 renovating
 its
 campus,

looking
 back
 on
 the
 process
 of

2 Livingston Case Studies in Urban Development
Acknowledgements Contributors
This
 research
 would
 not
 have
 been
  Penn
 IUR
 Co-­‐Director
 Eugénie
 L.

possible
 without
 the
 generous
 financial
  Birch
 spearheads
 Penn
 IUR’s
 anchor

support
 of
 Lawrence
 Nussdorf
 and
 John
  institution
 research;
 she
 convened
 PRAI,

Livingston.

  led
 site
 visits
 to
 many
 of
 the
 institutions,

Lawrence
 Nussdorf’s
 contributions
  moderated
 discussions
 at
 each
 convening,

made
 possible
 Penn
 IUR’s
 Roundtable
 on
  and
 directed
 research
 and
 writing
 of

Anchor
 Institutions
 (PRAI),
 which
  these
 case
 studies.
 Cara
 Griffin,
 Penn
 IUR

convenes
 leaders
 of
 anchor
 institutions
 to
  Editor
 and
 Publications
 Manager,

discuss
 common
 issues,
 including
 (among
  coordinated
 the
 development
 of
 these

others)
 leaders
 of
 Arena
 Stage
 and
 the
  case
 studies
 and
 researched
 and
 wrote

Woodruff
 Arts
 Center
 in
 2008
 and
 the
  the
 High
 Museum
 case
 study.
 Amanda

High
 Museum
 and
 the
 Art
 Institute
 of
  Johnson,
 Assistant
 Professor
 in
 the

Chicago
 in
 2010.

  Department
 of
 City
 and
 Regional
 Planning

John
 Livingston
 supported
 the
  at
 Boise
 State
 University,
 researched
 and

research
 and
 development
 of
 these
 case
  wrote
 the
 Art
 Institute
 of
 Chicago
 case

studies.
  study.
 Jonathon
 Stover,
 consultant
 at
 Jon

Thanks
 also
 to
 the
 many
 people
  Stover
 &
 Associates,
 a
 company

who
 generously
 shared
 their
 time
 to
 help
  specializing
 in
 partnerships
 between
 the

develop
 these
 case
 studies,
 including
  public,
 private,
 and
 institutional
 sectors,

Adrienne
 Arsht,
 John
 Richard,
 and
 Valerie
  researched
 and
 wrote
 the
 Adrienne
 Arsht

Riles
 at
 the
 Adrienne
 Arsht
 Center;
  Center,
 Martin
 Luther
 King,
 Jr.
 Library,

Desiree
 Urquhart,
 Susan
 Haas-­‐Bralove,
  Woodruff
 Arts
 Center,
 and
 Arena
 Stage

Edgar
 Dobie,
 Molly
 Smith,
 and
 Alison
  case
 studies.

Irvin
 at
 Arena
 Stage;
 Erin
 Hogan,

David
 Thurm,
 and
 James
 Cuno
 at
 the
 Art

Institute
 of
 Chicago;
 Susan
 Clark
 and

Michael
 Shapiro
 at
 the
 High
 Museum;

Natalye
 Paquin
 and
 Anne
 Ewers
 at
 the

Kimmel
 Center;
 Jane
 Light
 at
 the
 Martin

Luther
 King,
 Jr.
 Library;
 Josephine

Ramirez,
 Howard
 Sherman,
 and
 Stephen

Rountreeand
 at
 the
 Music
 Center;
 and
 Joe

Bankoff
 and
 Tara
 Perry
 at
 the
 Woodruff

Arts
 Center.

Introduction 3