Artisans and Architects: The Ruskinian Tradition in Architectural Thought PDF
Preview Artisans and Architects: The Ruskinian Tradition in Architectural Thought
ARTISANS AND ARCHITECTS Bythesameauthor HOMESFITFORHEROES:The Politics and Architecture ofEarlyState Housingin Britain Artisans and Architects The Ruskinian Tradition in Architectural Thought Mark Swenarton M MACMILLAN PRESS ©Mark Swenarton 1989 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 978-0-333-46460-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended), or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WClE 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1989 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by Wessex Typesetters (Division of The Eastern Press Ltd) Frome, Somerset British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Swenarton, Mark Artisans and architects: the Ruskinian tradition in architectural thought. 1. Ruskin, John-Contributions in architecture 2. Architecture, Modern- 19th century 3. Architecture, Modern- 20th century I. Title 720.92'4 NA2599.8.R87 ISBN 978-1-349-19650-0 ISBN 978-1-349-19648-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-19648-7 To the memory of Maggie Scruton Contents ListofIllustrations ix Acknowledgements xiii Introduction xv 1 Ruskin and 'The NatureofGothic' 1 Ruskin and German RomanticThought- Ruskin's Intellectual Developmentup to 1848- TheSeven LampsofArchitectureand TheStonesofVenice- Gothic and the Libertyof the Workman 2 Philip Webb: Architecture and Socialism in the1880s 32 The Architectof the Pre-Raphaelite Group- Artistic Buildings- Webb and the Socialist Movement- Webb's Architectural and SocialistThought 3 The Architectural Theory ofWilliam Morris 61 Oxford Origins ofMorris'sThought- Morris's Architectural Thought before 1883- Socialism and Marxism- 'Lookback! Look back!' 4 W. R. Lethaby and the Fabians 96 Lethaby's Intellectual Developmentup to 1894- Fabianismand Technical Education- The Central School of Arts and Crafts- The School of Building 5 Raymond Unwin: The Education of an Urbanist 126 The Impactof Edward Carpenter- Unwin and the Northern SocialistMovement- The Architecture of Social Experiments- Artand the City viii Contents 6 A. J. Pentyand the Building Guilds 167 TheRestorationoftheGildSystem- Guild Socialism- The Building Guilds 7 Ruskin and the Modems 189 Conclusion 201 Notes andReferences 206 Index 232 List of Illustrations 1.1 TheAuthorofModemPainters':portraitofJohnRuskin 2 by GeorgeRichmond(1843)[CourtesyoftheBrantwood Trust, Coniston] 1.2 John Ruskin: Byzantine capitals, concave group (from 11 TheStonesofVeniceII1853) 1.3 John Ruskin: South transept, Rouen cathedral (1854) 20 [Courtesy of the FitzwilliamMuseum, Cambridge] 1.4 JohnRuskin: GothicwindowsoftheFourthOrder(from 23 TheStonesofVeniceII1853) 1.5 John Ruskin:Westporch, Rouencathedral [Courtesyof 28 the William Morris Gallery, Walthamstow] 2.1 Philip Webb, portrait by C. F. Murray (1873) [Courtesy 34 of the National PortraitGallery] 2.2 PhilipWebb: houseforG.F.Boyce,GlebePlace,Chelsea 36 (1868),streetfront 2.3 Philip Webb: house for G. F. Boyce, Chelsea (1868), 37 dining-room 2.4 PhilipWebb: 'Red Barns', Redcar (1868), streetfront 44 2.5 Philip Webb: 'Four Gables', Brampton (1876), garden 45 front 2.6 Philip Webb: 'Clouds', East Knoyle (1876), south front 47 [Courtesyof B.T. Batsford Ltd] 2.7 Philip Webb: the 'Jubilee Monument' (1886) [Courtesy 58 ofthe RIBADrawings Collection] 3.1 William Morris, photographed by Frederick Hollyer 62 (1887)[CourtesyoftheWilliamMorrisGallery, Waltham- stow] 3.2 Morris &Companyshowroom,449Oxford Street[Cour- 69 tesy of the William Morris Gallery, Walthamstow] 3.3 TheHammersmithBranchoftheSocialistLeague:photo- 79 graph by Frederick Hollyer (1885) [Courtesy of the Victoria and Albert Museum] 3.4 E. Burne-lones: frontispiece drawing for William Mor- 90 ris's A Dream ofJohnBall (1888) [Courtesyofthe William Morris Gallery, Walthamstow] x List ofIllustrations 4.1 Portrait plaque of W. R. Lethaby as Master of the 98 Art Workers' Guild (1911) [Courtesy of the British Architectural Library] 4.2 W. R. Lethaby and H. Swainson: the vaulting system 104 ofSanta Sophia (from TheChurch ofSancta Sophia, 1894) 4.3 W. R. Lethaby, H. Wilson, R. W. S. Weir, H. Ricardo, 106 F. W. Troup, S. Lee and C. Whall: Liverpool Cathedral Competition entry (1902) (montage) [Courtesy of the Victoriaand AlbertMuseum] 4.4 Central School of Arts and Crafts, London: the silver- 116 smiths' room (1911) [Courtesy of The Greater London Record Office] 4.5 School of Building, Brixton: construction of full-scale 122 cottage in theGreatHall (1911) [CourtesyofThe Greater London Record Office] 5.1 Raymond Unwin, from a family photograph (1898) 128 [Courtesy of the First Garden City Heritage Museum, Letchworth] 5.2 The Simple Life:Edward Carpenterand friends outside 130 the cottage at Millthorpe in the 1890s [Courtesy of the Director ofLibraries and InformationServices, Sheffield City Libraries] 5.3 Parkerand Unwin: designfor a cottage for the Unwins, 148 Chapel-en-Ie-Frith(1897)/ plans(from TheArt ofBuilding aHome, 1901) 5.4 Parkerand Unwin: design for a cottage for the Unwins, 149 Chapel-en-Ie-Frith (1897)/ interiorperspective (from The Art ofBuildingaHome, 1901) 5.5 Parker and Unwin:design for a quadrangle of cottages 154 (1898-99)/ perspective of quadrangle (from The Art of BuildingaHome, 1901) 5.6 Parker and Unwin: design for a quadrangle of cottages 155 (1898-99)/ plans of communal units (from The Art of BuildingaHome, 1901) 5.7 Parker and Unwin:design for a quadrangle of artisans/ 159 cottages, plans of dwellings and communal units (from Cottage Plans andCommon Sense, 1902) 6.1 A. J. Penty, photographed c.1914[Courtesy of Michael 168 Penty]
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