Artificial Intelligence Research: Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022, Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022, Proceedings PDF
Preview Artificial Intelligence Research: Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022, Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022, Proceedings
Anban Pillay Edgar Jembere Aurona Gerber (Eds.) Communications in Computer and Information Science 1734 Artificial Intelligence Research Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022 Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022 Proceedings Communications in Computer and Information Science 1734 EditorialBoardMembers JoaquimFilipe PolytechnicInstituteofSetúbal,Setúbal,Portugal AshishGhosh IndianStatisticalInstitute,Kolkata,India RaquelOliveiraPrates FederalUniversityofMinasGerais(UFMG),BeloHorizonte,Brazil LizhuZhou TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,China Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/7899 · · Anban Pillay Edgar Jembere Aurona Gerber (Eds.) Artificial Intelligence Research Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022 Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022 Proceedings Editors AnbanPillay EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal Durban,SouthAfrica Durban,SouthAfrica AuronaGerber UniversityofPretoria Pretoria,SouthAfrica ISSN 1865-0929 ISSN 1865-0937 (electronic) CommunicationsinComputerandInformationScience ISBN 978-3-031-22320-4 ISBN 978-3-031-22321-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22321-1 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow knownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface This,volume1734oftheSpringerCommunicationsinComputerandInformationSci- ence (CCIS) series, contains the revised accepted papers of the third South African ConferenceofArtificialIntelligence(SACAIR2022).ThesecondSACAIR2022pro- ceedings volume is published as an online proceedings that will be available on the SACAIR2022website. The inter- and trans-disciplinary nature of the SACAIR series of conferences in artificialintelligenceisuniqueinprovidingavenueforresearchersfromadiverseset of disciplines that include computer science, engineering, information systems, law, philosophy,andotherhumanities.Theorganizationofsuchaconferencehastocarefully considerthedifferingresearchmethods,interests,publicationstandards,andculturesof thesedisciplines.Theconferencewasthusorganizedaroundthefollowingfourtracks: Algorithmic,SymbolicandData-DrivenAI(ComputerScienceandEngineering-CSE), Socio-technical and Human-centered AI (Information Systems - IS), Responsible and EthicalAI(PhilosophyandLaw-PHIL),andInter-andTrans-disciplinaryAIResearch. The Program Committee comprised 112 members (representing some 43 research institutions),28ofwhomwerefromoutsideSouthernAfrica.Eachpaperwasreviewed byatleasttwomembersoftheProgramCommitteeinarigorousdouble-blindprocess. Greatcarewastakentoensuretheintegrityoftheconferenceincludingcarefulattention toavoidconflictsofinterest.Thefollowingcriteriawereusedtoratesubmissionsandto guidedecisions:relevancetoSACAIR,significance,technicalquality,scholarship,and presentation,whichincludedqualityandclarityofwriting. Wereceivedjustunder100abstracts,andafterafirstroundofevaluation,73submis- sions were sent to our SACAIR Program Committee members for review. The papers consistedof54intheCSEtrack,11intheIStrack,andseveninthePHILtrack.Intotal,26 fullresearchpaperswereselectedforpublicationinthisSpringerCCISvolume(which translates to an acceptance rate of 35.6%), whilst a further 18 papers were accepted forinclusionintheonlinevolume(24.7%).Thetotalacceptancerateforpublicationin thetwoSACAIR2022proceedings volumes was60.2%forreviewed submissions.In total,fourpapersfromtheResponsibleandEthicalAItrack,eightpapersfromSocio- technicalandHuman-centeredAItrack,and32papersfromtheAlgorithmic,Symbolic andData-DrivenAItrackwereacceptedforpublicationinthetwovolumes. Thankyoutoalltheauthorswhosubmittedworkofanexceptionalstandardtothe conferenceandcongratulationstotheauthorswhoseworkwasacceptedforpublication. WeplaceonrecordourgratitudetotheProgramCommitteememberswhosethoughtful andconstructivecommentswerewellreceivedbytheauthors. October2022 AnbanPillay EdgarJembere AuronaGerber Message from the General Chairs It is with great pleasure that we write this foreword to the proceedings of the third SouthernAfricanConferenceforArtificialIntelligenceResearch(SACAIR2022),held asahybridonlineandin-personeventduringDecember5–9,2022.Theprogramincluded anunconferenceforstudentsonDecember5(astudent-driveneventallowingstudents tointeractwitheachotherandwithsponsorsandpotentialemployers),adayoftutorials onDecember6,andthemainconferenceduringDecember7–9,2022. SACAIR 2022 is the third international conference focused on artificial intelli- gence (AI) hosted by the SACAIR Steering Committee, an affiliate of the Centre for AI Research (CAIR). CAIR1 is a South African distributed research network estab- lishedin2011thataimstobuildworld-classartificialintelligenceresearchcapacityin SouthAfrica.CAIRconductsfoundational,directed,andappliedresearchintovarious aspects of AI through its nine research groups based at six South African universities (the University of Pretoria, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Cape Town, Stellenbosch University, the University of the Western Cape, and North-West University). TheinauguralCAIRconference,theForumforAIResearch(FAIR2019)washeld inCapeTown,SouthAfrica,inDecember2019,SACAIR2020washeldinFebruary 2021afterbeingpostponedduetotheCOVID-19pandemic,andSACAIR2021wasan onlineeventhostedbytheUniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,inDurban,inDecember2021. We are pleased that this, our third annual Southern African Conference for Arti- ficial Intelligence Research (SACAIR), continued to enjoy the confidence of the SouthAfricanartificialintelligenceresearchcommunity.The2022conferenceattracted supportfrombothauthors,whosubmittedhigh-qualityresearchpapers,andresearchers, whosupportedtheconferencebyservingontheinternationalProgramCommittee. Anysufficientlyadvancedtechnologyhasthepotentialtotransformsocietyforbet- terorworse.Artificialintelligencetechnologies,particularlyintheircurrentdata-driven form, have the potential to transform our world for the better. However, especially in the context of machine learning applications, there are well-founded concerns around fairness,structuralbiasandamplificationofexistingsocialstereotypes,privacy,trans- parency,accountabilityandresponsibility,andtrade-offsamongalltheseconcerns,espe- cially within the context of security, robustness, and accuracy of AI systems. These issuestalkdirectlytoconcernsaroundsocialjusticethathavebecomeevermoreimpor- tant in the modern age. It was decided that the theme for SACAIR 2022 should be “AIforSocialJustice”.Thechoiceofconferencethemewasintendedtoensuremulti- disciplinarycontributionsthatfocusbothonthetechnicalaspectsandthesocialimpact and consequences of AI technologies. To give expression to this, the conference was organizedasamulti-trackconferencecoveringbroadareasofartificialintelligence: 1https://www.cair.org.za/. viii MessagefromtheGeneralChairs – Algorithmic,DataDrivenandSymbolicAI(ComputerScienceandEngineering) – Socio-technicalandHuman-centeredAI(InformationSystems) – ResponsibleandEthicalAI(PhilosophyandLaw) – Inter-andTransdisciplinaryAIResearch Theacceptedpapersshowahealthybalancebetweencontributionsonlogic-based AIandthoseondata-drivenAI,asthefocusonknowledgerepresentationandreason- ingremainsanimportantingredientofstudyingandextendinghumanintelligence.In addition,importantcontributionsfromthefieldsofsocial-technicalandhuman-centred AIandresponsibleandethicalAIarereportedinthisvolume. Weexpectthismulti-andinterdisciplinaryconferencetogrowintothepremierAI conferenceinSouthernAfricaasitbringstogethernationallyandinternationallyestab- lishedandemergingresearchersfromdisciplinesincludingcomputerscience,engineer- ing, mathematics, statistics, informatics, philosophy, and law. The conference is also focused on cultivating and establishing a network of talented students working in AI fromacrossAfrica. Aconferenceofthisnatureisnotpossiblewithoutthehardworkandcontributionsof manystakeholders.Weextendoursinceregratitudetooursponsors:theArtificialIntel- ligenceJournal(AIJ),theNationalInstituteofComputationalSciences(NiTHeCS),the CentreforArtificialIntelligenceResearch(CAIR)andtheBMWITHubSouthAfrica. Thesesponsorsenabledustooffergenerousscholarshipstostudentsandemergingaca- demicstoparticipateintheconference.Wesincerelythanktheprogramchairsfortheir work in overseeing technical aspects of the conference and the publication of the two volumes of the proceedings, the international panel of reviewers, our keynote speak- ers,authors,andparticipantsfortheircontributions.Finally,weextendourgratitudeto thetrackchairs,thelocalorganizingcommittee,studentorganizers,andtheconference organizerfortheirsubstantivecontributionstothesuccessofSACAIR2022. October2022 AltadeWaal BruceWatson Organization GeneralChairs AltadeWaal BMWITHubSouthAfricaandUniversityof Pretoria,SouthAfrica BruceWatson StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica ProgramCommitteeChairs AuronaGerber UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica AnbanPillay UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica OrganizingCommittee AltadeWaal BMWITHubSouthAfricaandUniversityof Pretoria,SouthAfrica BruceWatson StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica AuronaGerber UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica DanieSmit BMWITHubSouthAfrica,SouthAfrica EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica EmileEngelbrecht StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica EmmaRuttkamp-Bloem UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica AnbanPillay UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica ProgramCommittee Algorithmic,Data-DrivenandSymbolicAITrack TrackChairs AltadeWaal BMWITHubSouthAfricaandUniversityof Pretoria,SouthAfrica AnbanPillay UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica ArinaBritz StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica IvanVarzinczak Universitéd’Artois,France TerenceVanZyl UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica x Organization ProgramCommittee AbiodunModupe UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica AlbertHelberg North-WestUniversity,SouthAfrica AllanDeFreitas UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica AndrewPaskaramoorthy UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica AnnaSergeevnaBosman UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica BruceWatson StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica BubacarrBah AfricanInstituteforMathematicalSciences (AIMS),SouthAfrica CharisHarley UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica ColinChibaya SolPlaatjeUniversity,SouthAfrica DavidToman UniversityofWaterloo,Canada DeonCotterrell UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica DeshendranMoodley UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica DuncanCoulter UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica DustinVanDerHaar UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica EduanKotzé UniversityoftheFreeState,SouthAfrica EtienneBarnard North-WestUniversity,SouthAfrica FabioCozman UniversityofSãoPaulo,Brazil FebedeWet StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica FredNicolls UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica GiftKhangamwa UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica GiovanniCasini ISTI-CNR,Italy GuillermoR.Simari UniversidaddelSurinBahiaBlanca,Argentina HairongWang UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica HermanKamper StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica HimaVadapalli UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica IlianaM.Petrova Inria,France IngerFabris-Rotelli UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica JacoVersfeld StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica JanBuys UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica JesseHeyninck OpenUniversiteit,TheNetherlands JiahaoHuo UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica Jules-RaymondTapamo UnivesityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica JusticeEmuoyibofarhe LadokeAkintolaUniversityofTechnology, Nigeria KarimTabia Universitéd’Artois,France LauraGiordano UniversitàdelPiemonteOrientale,Italy LaurentPerrussel IRIT,UniversitedeToulouse,France LeopoldoBertossi SKEMABusinessSchool,Canada LouiseLeenen UniversityoftheWesternCape,SouthAfrica MakhamisaSenekane UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica
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