Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education: The Paradigmatic Shifts in Research, Education, and Technology PDF
Preview Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education: The Paradigmatic Shifts in Research, Education, and Technology
Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education Artificial intelligence (AI) opens new opportunities for STEM education in K-12, higher education, and professional education contexts. This book summarizes AI in education (AIEd) with a particular focus on the research, practice, and technological paradigmatic shifts of AIEd in recent years. The 23 chapters in this edited collection track the paradigmatic shifts of AIEd in STEM education, discussing how and why the paradigms have shifted, explaining how and in what ways AI techniques have ensured the shifts, and envisioning what directions next-generation AIEd is heading in the new era. As a whole, the book illuminates the main paradigms of AI in STEM education, summarizes the AI-enhanced techniques and applications used to enable the paradigms, and discusses AI-enhanced teaching, learning, and design in STEM education. It provides an adapted educational policy so that practitioners can better facilitate the application of AI in STEM education. This book is a must-read for researchers, educators, students, designers, and engineers who are interested in the opportunities and challenges of AI in STEM education. Chapman & Hall CRC Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Series Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education: The Paradigmatic Shifts in Research, Education, and Technology Fan Ouyang, Pengcheng Jiao, Bruce M. McLaren, Amir H. Alavi Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education The Paradigmatic Shifts in Research, Education, and Technology Edited by Fan Ouyang, Pengcheng Jiao, Bruce M. McLaren and Amir H. Alavi First edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Fan Ouyang, Pengcheng Jiao, Bruce M. McLaren, Amir H. Alavi; individual chapters, the contributors Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any infor- mation storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www .copyright .com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions @tandf .co .uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Ouyang, Fan, editor. Title: Artificial intelligence in STEM education : the paradigmatic shifts in research, education, and technology / edited by Fan Ouyang, Pengcheng Jiao, Bruce M. McLaren, Amir H. Alavi. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2023. | Series: Chapman & Hall/CRC artificial intelligence and robotics series | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022028544 (print) | LCCN 2022028545 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032009216 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032009216 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003181187 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Artificial intelligence--Educational applications. | Science--Study and teaching--Technological innovations. Classification: LCC LB1028.43 .A795 2023 (print) | LCC LB1028.43 (ebook) | DDC 371.33/4--dc23/eng/20220908 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022028544 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022028545 ISBN: 9781032009216 (hbk) ISBN: 9781032019604 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003181187 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003181187 Typeset in Palatino by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Contents List of Contributors ..........................................................................................................................................................vii Editor Biographies ..............................................................................................................................................................xi Section I AI‑Enhanced Adaptive, Personalized Learning 1. Artificial Intelligence in STEM Education: Current Developments and Future Considerations..............3 Fan Ouyang, Pengcheng Jiao, Amir H. Alavi, and Bruce M. McLaren 2. Towards a Deeper Understanding of K‑12 Students’ CT and Engineering Design Processes .................15 Gautam Biswas and Nicole M. Hutchins 3. Intelligent Science Stations Bring AI Tutoring into the Physical World ......................................................39 Nesra Yannier, Scott E. Hudson, and Kenneth R. Koedinger 4. Adaptive Support for Representational Competencies during Technology‑Based Problem‑Solving in STEM......................................................................................................................................51 Martina A. Rau 5. Teaching STEM Subjects in Non‑STEM Degrees: An Adaptive Learning Model for Teaching Statistics ....................................................................................................................................................61 Daniela Pacella, Rosa Fabbricatore, Alfonso Iodice D’Enza, Carla Galluccio, and Francesco Palumbo 6. Removing Barriers in Self‑Paced Online Learning through Designing Intelligent Learning Dashboards ..............................................................................................................................................77 Arta Faramand, Hongxin Yan, M. Ali Akber Dewan, and Fuhua Lin Section II AI‑Enhanced Adaptive Learning Resources 7. PASTEL: Evidence‑based Learning Engineering Methods to Facilitate Creation of Adaptive Online Courseware ................................................................................................................................93 Noboru Matsuda, Machi Shimmei, Prithviraj Chaudhuri, Dheeraj Makam, Raj Shrivastava, Jesse Wood, and Peeyush Taneja 8. A Technology‑Enhanced Approach for Locating Timely and Relevant News Articles for Context‑Based Science Education........................................................................................................................109 Jinnie Shin and Mark J. Gierl 9. Adaptive Learning Profiles in the Education Domain ...................................................................................127 Claudio Giovanni Demartini, Andrea Bosso, Giacomo Ciccarelli, Lorenzo Benussi, and Flavio Renga Section III A I‑Supported Instructor Systems and Assessments for AI and STEM Education 10. Teacher Orchestration Systems Supported by AI: Theoretical Possibilities and Practical Considerations ........................................................................................................................................151 Suraj Uttamchandani, Haesol Bae, Chen Feng, Krista Glazewski, Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver, Thomas Brush, Bradford Mott, and James Lester v vi Contents 11. The Role of AI to Support Teacher Learning and Practice: A Review and Future Directions ...............163 Jennifer L. Chiu, James P. Bywater, and Sarah Lilly 12. Learning Outcome Modeling in Computer‑Based Assessments for Learning .........................................175 Fu Chen and Chang Lu 13. Designing Automated Writing Evaluation Systems for Ambitious Instruction and Classroom Integration ...........................................................................................................................................195 Lindsay Clare Matsumura, Elaine L. Wang, Richard Correnti, and Diane Litman Section IV Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining in AI and STEM Education 14. Promoting STEM Education through the Use of Learning Analytics: A Paradigm Shift ......................211 Shan Li and Susanne P. Lajoie 15. Using Learning Analytics to Understand Students’ Discourse and Behaviors in STEM Education ...........225 Gaoxia Zhu, Wanli Xing, Vitaliy Popov, Yaoran Li, Charles Xie, and Paul Horwitz 16. Understanding the Role of AI and Learning Analytics Techniques in Addressing Task Difficulties in STEM Education ..........................................................................................................................241 Sadia Nawaz, Emad A. Alghamdi, Namrata Srivastava, Jason Lodge, and Linda Corrin 17. Learning Analytics in a Web3D Based Inquiry Learning Environment ....................................................259 Guangtao Xu, Yingqian Li, Zhouyang Zhu, Yihui Hu, and Wenting Zhou 18. On Machine Learning Methods for Propensity Score Matching and Weighting in Educational Data Mining Applications .............................................................................................................277 Juanjuan Fan, Joshua Beemer, Xi Yan, and Richard A. Levine 19. Situating AI (and Big Data) in the Learning Sciences: Moving toward Large‑Scale Learning Sciences ...................................................................................................................................................289 Danielle S. McNamara, Tracy Arner, Reese Butterfuss, Debshila Basu Mallick, Andrew S. Lan, Rod D. Roscoe, Henry L. Roediger III, and Richard G. Baraniuk 20. Linking Natural Language Use and Science Performance ............................................................................309 Scott Crossley, Danielle S. McNamara, Jennifer Dalsen, Craig G. Anderson, and Constance Steinkuehler Section V Other Topics in AI and STEM Education 21. Quick Red Fox: An App Supporting a New Paradigm in Qualitative Research on AIED for STEM ..................................................................................................................................................................319 Stephen Hutt, Ryan S. Baker, Jaclyn Ocumpaugh, Anabil Munshi, J.M.A.L. Andres, Shamya Karumbaiah, Stefan Slater, Gautam Biswas, Luc Paquette, Nigel Bosch, and Martin van Velsen 22. A Systematic Review of AI Applications in Computer‑Supported Collaborative Learning in STEM Education .....................................................................................................................................................333 Jingwan Tang, Xiaofei Zhou, Xiaoyu Wan, and Fan Ouyang 23. Inclusion and Equity as a Paradigm Shift for Artificial Intelligence in Education..................................359 Rod D. Roscoe, Shima Salehi, Nia Nixon, Marcelo Worsley, Chris Piech, and Rose Luckin Index .................................................................................................................................................................................375 List of Contributors Amir H. Alavi Nigel Bosch University of Pittsburgh University of Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, PA, USA Philadelphia, PA, USA Emad A. Alghamdi Andrea Bosso University of Melbourne Polytechnic University of Turin Melbourne, Australia Turin, Italy Craig G. Anderson Thomas Brush University of California Indiana University Bloomington Berkeley, CA, USA Bloomington, IN, USA J.M.A.L. Andres Reese Butterfuss University of Pennsylvania Arizona State University Philadelphia, PA, USA Tempe, AZ, USA Tracy Arner James P. Bywater Arizona State University James Madison University Tempe, AZ, USA Harrisonburg, VA, USA Haesol Bae Prithviraj Chaudhuri Indiana University Bloomington North Carolina State University Bloomington, IN, USA Raleigh, NC, USA Ryan S. Baker Fu Chen University of Pennsylvania University of Macau Philadelphia, PA, USA Macau, China Richard G. Baraniuk Jennifer L. Chiu Rice University University of Virginia Houston, TX, USA Charlottesville, VA, USA Debshila Basu Mallick Giacomo Ciccarelli Rice University Polytechnic University of Turin Houston, TX, USA Turin, Italy Joshua Beemer Richard Correnti San Diego State University University of Pittsburgh San Diego, CA, USA Pittsburgh, PA, USA Lorenzo Benussi Linda Corrin Fondazione per la Scuola – Compagnia di San Paolo Swinburne University of Technology Turin, Italy Melbourne, Australia Gautam Biswas Scott Crossley University of Pennsylvania Vanderbilt University Philadelphia, PA, USA Nashville, TN, USA vii viii List of Contributors Jennifer Dalsen Nicole M. Hutchins University of Wisconsin Vanderbilt University Madison, WI, USA Nashville, TN, USA Claudio Giovanni Demartini Stephen Hutt Polytechnic University of Turin University of Pennsylvania Turin, Italy Philadelphia, PA, USA Alfonso Iodice D’Enza Pengcheng Jiao University of Naples Federico II Zhejiang University Naples, Italy Zhejiang, China M. Ali Akber Dewan Shamya Karumbaiah Athabasca University University of Pennsylvania Athabasca, Alberta, Canada Philadelphia, PA, USA Rosa Fabbricatore Kenneth R. Koedinger University of Naples Federico II Carnegie Mellon University Naples, Italy Pittsburgh, PA, USA Juanjuan Fan Susanne P. Lajoie San Diego State University McGill University San Diego, CA, USA Montreal, Quebec, Canada Arta Faramand Andrew S. Lan Athabasca University University of Massachusetts Athabasca, Alberta, Canada Amherst, MA, USA Chen Feng James Lester Indiana University Bloomington North Carolina State University Bloomington, IN, USA Raleigh, NC, USA Carla Galluccio Richard A. Levine University of Florence San Diego State University Florence, Italy San Diego, CA, USA Mark J. Gierl Shan Li University of Alberta Lehigh University Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Bethlehem, PA, USA Krista Glazewski Yaoran Li Indiana University Bloomington University of San Diego Bloomington, IN, USA San Diego, CA, USA Cindy E. Hmelo‑Silver Sarah Lilly Indiana University Bloomington University of Virginia Bloomington, IN, USA Charlottesville, VA, USA Paul Horwitz Fuhua Lin The Concord Consortium Athabasca University Concord, MA, USA Athabasca, Alberta, Canada Scott E. Hudson Diane Litman Carnegie Mellon University University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA Pittsburgh, PA, USA List of Contributors ix Jason Lodge Daniela Pacella The University of Queensland University of Naples Federico II Brisbane, Australia Naples, Italy Chang Lu Francesco Palumbo Shanghai Jiao Tong University University of Naples Federico II Shanghai, China Naples, Italy Rose Luckin Luc Paquette University College London University of Pennsylvania London, UK Philadelphia, PA, USA Dheeraj Makam Chris Piech North Carolina State University Stanford University Raleigh, NC, USA Stanford, CA, USA Noboru Matsuda Vitaliy Popov North Carolina State University University of Michigan Raleigh, NC, USA Ann Arbor, MI, USA Lindsay Clare Matsumura Martina A. Rau University of Pittsburgh University of Wisconsin–Madison Pittsburgh, PA, USA Madison, WI, USA Bruce M. McLaren Flavio Renga Carnegie Mellon University Fondazione per la Scuola – Compagnia di San Paolo Pittsburgh, PA, USA Turin, Italy Danielle S. McNamara Henry L. Roediger III Arizona State University Washington University in St. Louis Tempe, AZ, USA St. Louis, MO, USA Bradford Mott Rod D. Roscoe North Carolina State University Arizona State University Raleigh, NC, USA Tempe, AZ, USA Anabil Munshi Shima Salehi University of Pennsylvania Stanford University Philadelphia, PA, USA Stanford, CA, USA Sadia Nawaz Machi Shimmei University of Melbourne North Carolina State University Melbourne, Australia Raleigh, NC, USA Nia Nixon Jinnie Shin University of California-Irvine University of Florida Irvine, CA, USA Gainesville, FL, USA Jaclyn Ocumpaugh Raj Shrivastava University of Pennsylvania North Carolina State University Philadelphia, PA, USA Raleigh, NC, USA Fan Ouyang Stefan Slater Zhejiang University University of Pennsylvania Zhejiang, China Philadelphia, PA, USA
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