ebook img

Artificial Intelligence in Education PDF

820 Pages·1999·44.3 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Artificial Intelligence in Education

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Series Editors: J. Breuker, R. Lopez de Mdntaras, S. Ohsuga and W. Swartout Volume 50 Previously published in this series: Vol. 49, P. McNamara and H. Prakken (Eds.), Norms, Logics and Information Systems Vol. 48, P. Navrat and H. Ueno (Eds.), Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Vol. 47, M.T. Escrig and F. Toledo, Qualitative Spatial Reasoning: Theory and Practice Vol. 46, N. Guarino (Ed.), Formal Ontology in Information Systems Vol. 45, P.-J. Charrel et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases IX Vol. 44, K. de Koning, Model-Based Reasoning about Learner Behaviour Vol. 43, M. Gams et al. (Eds.), Mind Versus Computer Vol. 42, In preparation Vol. 41, F.C. Morabito (Ed.), Advances in Intelligent Systems Vol. 40, G. Grahne (Ed.), Sixth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Vol. 39, B. du Boulay and R. Mizoguchi (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education Vol. 38, H. Kangassalo et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases VIII Vol. 37, F.L. Silva et al. (Eds.), Spatiotemporal Models in Biological and Artificial Systems Vol. 36, S. Albayrak (Ed.), Intelligent Agents for Telecommunications Applications Vol. 35, A.M. Ramsay (Ed.), Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, Applications Vol. 34, Y. Tanaka et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases VII Vol. 33, P. Pylkkanen et al. (Eds.), Brain, Mind and Physics Vol. 32, L. de Raedt (Ed.), Advances in Inductive Logic Programming Vol. 31, M. Ghallab and A. Milani (Eds.), New Directions in AI Planning Vol. 30, A. Valente, Legal Knowledge Engineering Vol. 29, A. Albert (Ed.), Chaos and Society Vol. 28, A. Aamodt and J. Komorowski (Eds.), Fifth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Vol. 27, J. Hallam (Ed.), Hybrid Problems, Hybrid Solutions Vol. 26, H. Kangassalo et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases VI Vol. 25, E. Hillebrand and J. Stender (Eds.), Many-Agent Simulation and Artificial Life Vol. 24, J. Liebowitz and D.S. Prerau (Eds.), Worldwide Intelligent Systems Vol. 23, J. Stender et al. (Eds.), Genetic Algorithms in Optimisation, Simulation and Modelling Vol. 22, S. Schulze-Kremer (Ed.), Advances in Molecular Bioinformatics Vol. 21, J. Breuker and W. Van de Velde (Eds.), CommonKADS Library for Expertise Modelling Vol. 20, C. Backstrom and E. Sandewall (Eds.), Current Trends in AI Planning Vol. 19, H. Jaakkola et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases V Vol. 18, E. Sandewall and C.G. Jansson (Eds.), Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence - 93 Vol. 17, A. Sloman et al. (Eds.), Prospects for Artificial Intelligence Vol. 16, H. Kangassalo et al. (Eds.), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases IV Vol. 15, R. Winkels, Explorations in Intelligent Tutoring and Help Vol. 14, J. Slender (Ed.), Parallel Genetic Algorithms: Theory and Applications ISSN: 0922-6389 Artificial Intelligence in Education Open Learning Environments: New Computational Technologies to Support Learning, Exploration and Collaboration Edited by Susanne P. Lajoie McGill University, Montreal, Canada and Martial Vivet Universite du Maine, France /OS Press Ohmsha Amsterdam • Berlin • Oxford • Tokyo • Washington, DC C 1999. The authors mentioned in the Table of Contents All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted. in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission from the publisher. ISBN 90 5199 452 4 (IOS Press) ISBN 4 274 90307 9 C3000 (Ohmsha) Library of Congress Control Number: 99-64149 Second printing. 2002 Publisher IOS Press Nieuwe Hemweg 6B 1013 BG Amsterdam The Netherlands fax: +31 20 620 3419 e-mail: [email protected] Distributor in the UK and Ireland Distributor in the USA and Canada IOS Press/Lavis Marketing IOS Press, Inc. 73 Lime Walk 5795-G Burke Centre Parkway Headington Burke, VA 22015 Oxford OX3 7AD USA England fax: +1 703 323 3668 fax: + (44 1865 75 0079 e-mail: [email protected] Distributor in Germany, Austria and Switzerland Distributor in Japan IOS Press/LSL.de Ohmsha, Ltd. Gerichtsweg 28 3-1 Kanda Nishiki-cho D-04103 Leipzig Chiyoda-ku. Tokyo 101-8460 Germany Japan fax: +49 341 995 4255 fax: +81 3 3233 2426 LEGAL NOTICE The publisher is not responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Preface The 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED 99) is one of a series of international conferences in this area and it is designed to report on state of the art research in the field of AI in Education. This field is interdisciplinary and brings together researchers from the domains of computer science, cognitive science, education, psychology, linguistics, and engineering (to name a few). A conference, such as this, provides us with the rare opportunity to engage in cross-disciplinary dialogues that help us move the research forward in a more informed manner. The theme for 1999 is Open Learning Environments: New Computational Technologies to Support Learning, Exploration, and Collaboration. Technologies can support both the individual and small groups of individuals who work collaboratively to solve problems and learn new materials. New methodologies for supporting and documenting the learning process in both these situations are being developed and are described in this volume. We are fortunate to have John Self address this theme in his Keynote Address. One hundred and seventy five submissions were received from thirty different countries and were reviewed by seventy-six reviewers worldwide. The review process resulted in the acceptance of sixty-six papers and sixty-one posters. Two tutorials and eight workshops were invited to participate in the conference. The invited speakers, panelists and luncheon speakers highlight important developments in AI-ED. Along the continuum of topics provided in the proceedings are: student modeling, authoring tools, multi-media, virtual reality, agents, learning, metacognition, text and discourse, and collaborative knowledge building. This conference is the ninth Artificial Intelligence in Education conference, the second since the International Artificial Intelligence in Education Society established itself as an independent society in 1997. The society is now functioning very well, with an active web site (http://cbl.leeds.ac.uk/ijaied/aiedsoc.html), its own electronic journal (the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education), and growing membership numbers. This conference reflects its vibrancy. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the many people who have assisted us in making this international conference a success. The following pages provides a list of credits to those whose hard work has ensured the scientific integrity of this conference as well to those who have worked around the clock to make this conference run smoothly in Le Mans. We would like to thank the Program Committee and the Reviewers, the Local Organizing Committee in France and the many sponsors. The Program Chair would like to thank her graduate student assistants Nancy Lavigne, Steve Wakeham, and Sonia Faremo for their unbelievable organization skills, patience, and willingness to assist in the reviewing, dissemination of proposals, and the production of the proceedings. She would also like to thank Ben Du Boulay and Jim Greer (two previous program chairs) for all their valuable advice. The program chair would also like to thank Gilles Gauthier, Jim Greer, and Riichiro Mizoguchi for participating in the final program review phase. We look forward to an excellent meeting in Le Mans, July 19-23, 1999. Susanne P. Lajoie, McGill University Martial Vivet, Universite du Maine April, 1999 International AI-ED Society Executive Benedict Du Boulay (University of Sussex, Committee UK) Martial Vivet (Universite du Maine, France) President: Gordon McCalla (University of Riichiro Mizoguchi (Osaka University, Japan) Saskatchewan, Canada) John Self (University of Leeds. UK) President-elect: Lewis Johnson (University of Southern California, USA) Program Committee Secretary: Joost Breuker (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Chair: Susanne P. Lajoie (McGill University. John Self, Editor of IJAIEd Canada) Bob Aiken (Temple University, USA) Robert Aiken (Temple University, USA Michael Baker (CNRS, Universite Lumiere Leila Alem (CSIRO Mathematical and Lyon 2, France) Information Sciences, Australia) Nicolas Balacheff (IMAG, Grenoble, France) Roger Azevedo (Carnegie Mellon University. Bert Bredeweg (University of Amsterdam, USA) The Netherlands) Michael Baker (CNRS, Universite Lumiere Peter Brusilovsky (Carnegie-Mellon Lyon 2, France) University, USA) Nicolas Balacheff (Laboratoire Leibniz - Tak-Wai Chan (National Central University, Institut Imag Grenoble, France) Taiwan) Ben du Boulay (University of Sussex, UK) William Clancey (Institute for Research on Gilles Gauthier (Universite du Quebec a Learning, Palo Alto, USA) Montreal, Canada) Christopher Dede (George Mason University, Monique Grandbastien (Universite Henri USA) Poincare Nancy 1, France) Claude Frasson (University of Montreal, Jim Greer (University of Saskatchewan. Canada) Canada) Monique Grandbastien (Universite de Nancy, Barry Harper (University of Wollongong, France) Australia) Jim Greer (University of Saskatchewan. Ulrich Hoppe (University of Duisburg, Canada) Germany) Ulrich Hoppe (University of Duisburg, Ton de Jong (University of Twente, The Germany) Netherlands) Judy Kay (University of Sydney, Australia) Ken Koedinger (Carnegie Mellon University, Chee-Kit Looi (Kent Ridge Digital Labs., USA) Singapore) Alan Lesgold (University of Pittsburgh, USA) Riichiro Mizoguchi (Osaka University, Japan) Jian-xiang Lin (Peking University, China) Tom Murray (University of Massachusetts at Toshio Okamoto (University of Electro- Amherst, USA) Communications, Japan) Jeff Rickel (University of Southern California, Riichiro Mizoguchi (Osaka University, Japan) USA) Ana Paiva (IST-Technical University of Luigi Sarti (Istituto Tecnologie Didattiche, Lisbon and INESC, Portugal) Italy) Helen Pain (University of Edinburgh, UK) John Self (University of Leeds, UK) Daniel Schwartz (Vanderbilt University. Martial Vivet (Universite de Maine, France) USA) Barbara White (University of California - Valerie Shute (GKIS, Inc., USA) Berkeley, USA) Philip Winne (Simon Fraser University, Local Organizing Committee Canada) Chair: Martial Vivet, Universite du Maine. Conference Organizing Committee France Jacques Bonet, Universite du Maine, France Gordon McCalla (University of Stephane Bru (Universite du Maine, France) Saskatchewan, Canada) Paul Delannoy (Universite du Maine, France) Lewis Johnson (University of Southern Elisabeth Delozanne (Universite du Maine. California, USA) France) Susanne Lajoie (McGill University) Xavier Dubourg(Universite du Maine. France) Pierre Jacoboni (Universite du Maine, France) Jacqueline Bourdeau Pascal Leroux (Universite du Maine, France) Bert Bredeweg Philippe Teutsch (Universite du Maine, Sean Brophy France) Paul Brna Peter Brusilovsky Co-Sponsored by Stefano A. Cerri Thierry Chanier The International Artificial Intelligence in Yam San Chee Education (AI-ED) Society Tom Cobb Albert Corbett With Financial Support from Richard Cox Geoff Cumming Universite du Maine and Lium Lab. Robert de Hoog The City of Le Mans and the Urban Sharon Derry Community (CUM). Ton de Jong The General Council of the Sarthe. Kees de Koning The Council of Region des Pays de la Loire Elisabeth Delozanne and ATLANTECH. Darina Dicheva The Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Carolyn Dowling Le Mans. Aude Dufresne The French Ministry of Education, Ben du Boulay Research and Technology. Sonia Faremo The French Center for Scientific Research - Isabel Fernandez-Castro CNRS. Carl Frederiksen Patricia Fung Non-Profit organizations Gilles Gauthier Kevin Gluck AFIA: French association for AI. Vladimir A. Goodkovsky, ARC: The association for cognitive research. Monique Grandbastien ATIEF: French Organisation for Information Jim Greer Technologies in Education and Training. Barry Harper EPI: French Association "Enseignement Lois Wright Hawkes Public et Informatique" Daniele Herin INRP: The French National Institute for Tsukasa Hirashima Pedagogical Research. Peter Holt H. Ulrich Hoppe Private Organizations Lin Jian-xiang Michelle Joab France Telecom Lewis W. Johnson ACO: Automobile Club de I1 Quest Paul Kamsteeg Credit Agricole Anjou et Maine Sandra Katz Systel IBM Agent in Le Mans Kenneth R. Koedinger La Poste Vivekanandan Kumar CEGOS Patrick Kyllonen Susanne Lajoie Reviewers Nancy Lavigne Bernard Lefebvre Robert M. Aiken Pascal Leroux Fabio Akhras Alan Lesgold Leila Alem Svein-Ivar Lillehaug K.S.R. Anjaneyulu Chee-Kit Looi Roger Azevedo Sandy Marshall Michael Baker Dave McArthur Nicolas Balacheff Gord McCalla Joseph Beck Riichiro Mizoguchi Janet Blatter Allen Munro Tom Murray Tutorial 1: The Play's the Thing: Enhancing Adisack Nhouyvanisvong Learning Design Through Game Elements Jean-Francois Nicaud Presenter: Clark N. Quinn Stellan Ohlsson Helen Pain Tutorial 2: How Ideas but not Tools of Ana Paiva Artificial Intelligence Help to Effectively Gilbert Paquette Develop the Intelligence of Young Children Valery A. Petrushin and Teenagers Rolf Ploetzner Presenters: V.A. Fomichov and Jeff Rickel Dr. O.S. Fomichova Luig Sarti Eileen Scanlon Workshops Daniel Schwartz John Self Chair: Nicolas Balacheff, Laboratoire Leibniz Julian Serrano - Institut Imag Grenoble, France Mike Sharpies Hans Spada Workshop 1: Instructional Uses of Synthetic Valerie Shute Agents Katherine M. Sinitsa Organizers: W. Lewis Johnson, Elisabeth Mia Stern Andre, Claude Frasson, James Lester, Daniel D. Suthers Ana Paiva, and Jeff Rickel Akira Takeuchi Judi Thomson Workshop 2: Ontologies for Intelligent Philippe Teutsch Educational Systems Jody S. Underwood Organizers: Riichiro Mizoguchi, Tom Murray Wouter Van Joolingen Julitta Vassileva Workshop 3: Analysing Educational Dialogue Jesus Vazquez-Abad Interaction: Towards Models that Support Steve Wakeham Learning Barbara Wasson Organizers: Rachel Pilkington, Jean Geoff Webb McKendree, Helen Pain and Paul Brna Radboud Winkels Phil Winne Workshop 4: Educational Robotics Beverly Park Woolf Organizers: Pascal Leroux, Martial Vivet, Yoneo Yano Brigitte Denis, Pierre Nonnon, Young Researchers Track Workshop 5: Medical Image Tutoring Organizer: Ben Du Boulay Chair: Cyrille Desmoulins LORIA, Universite Nancy, France Workshop 6: Tutoring Systems that Learn Organizer: Joseph E. Beck Demonstrations Workshop 7: Open, Interactive and Other Chair: Franfois Marie Blondel Overt Approaches to Learner Modelling INRP, Paris, France Organizer: Rafael Morales Tutorials Workshop 8: What do we Know of Open Learning Environments? Chair: Monique Grandbastien, Universite Organizer: Jari Multisilta Henri Poincare, Nancy, France Contents Preface v Keynote Open Sesame?: Fifteen Variations on the Theme of Openness in Learning Environments, J. Self 3 Invited Speakers Cognitive Applications of New Computational Technologies in Eye Tracking, S. P. Marshall 1 Collaborative Learning in Open Distributed Environments - Pedagogical Principles and Computational Methods, H. U. Hoppe 8 An Overview of the State of the Art in ITS Authoring Tools, T. Murray 9 Trends and Issues in AI and Education: Towards a Common Research Framework, J. Sandberg 10 Agent Models Agent Systems for Diversity in Human Learning, J. Les, G. Gumming and S. Finch 13 Teachable Agents: Combining Insights from Learning Theory and Computer Science, S. Brophy, G. Biswas, T. Katzlberger, J. Bransford and D. Schwartz 21 Meta-knowledge Representation for Learning Scenarios Engineering, G. Paquette 29 A Multi-Agent Design of a Peer-Help Environment, J. Vassileva, J. Greer, G. McCalla, R. Deters, D. Zapata, C. Mudgal and S. Grant 38 A Methodology for Building Intelligent Educational Agents, H.N. Keeling 46 The Systemion: A New Agent Model to Design Intelligent Tutoring Systems, M.F. Canut, G. Gouarderes and E. Sanchis 54 Analysis of Collaboration and Group Formation Learning Goal Ontology Supported by Learning Theories for Opportunistic Group Formation, T. Supnithi, A. Inaba, M. Ikeda, J. Toyoda and R. Mizoguchi 67 Toward Intelligent Analysis and Support of Collaborative Learning Interaction, A. Soller, F. Linton, B. Goodman and A. Lesgold 75 Authoring Tools An Ontology-A ware Authoring Tool: Functional Structure and Guidance Generation, L. Jin, W. Chen, Y. Hayashi, M. Ikeda, R. Mizoguchi, Y. Takaoka and M. Ohta 85 Formatively Evaluating REDEEM - An Authoring Environment for ITSs, S. Ainsworth, J. Underwood and S. Grimshaw 93 Intelligent Agent Instructional Design Tool for a Hypermedia Design Course, S. Stoyanov, L. AroyoandP. Kommers 101 Design Principles of a New Modelling Environment for Young Students, Supporting Various Types of Reasoning and Interdisciplinary Approaches, A. Dimitracopoulou, V. Komis, P. Apostolopoulos and P. Politis 109

Description:
This volume will be the proceedings for the 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED 1999). This is one of a series of international conferences in this area and it is designed to report on state of the art research in the field of AI in education. This field is in
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.