Artificial Intelligence and Smart Agriculture Technology

319 Pages·2022·4.053 MB·English

by  U. Kose, V. Prasath, M. Mondal, P. Podder, S. Bharati

Artificial Intelligence and
Smart Agriculture Technology

Artificial Intelligence and
Smart Agriculture Technology
Edited by
Utku Kose, V. B. Surya Prasath,
M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal,
Prajoy Podder, and Subrato Bharati
First edition published 2022
by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Kose, Utku, 1985– editor. | Prasath, V. B. Surya, editor. |
Mondal, M. Rubaiyat Hossain, editor. | Podder, Prajoy, editor. | Bharati, Subrato, editor.
Title: Artificial intelligence and smart agriculture technology / Utku Kose, V. B. Surya Prasath,
M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal, Prajoy Podder, Subrato Bharati.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : Taylor and Francis, 2022. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022000641 | ISBN 9781032120799 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781032289069 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003299059 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Alternative agriculture. | Agriculture– Effect of technological innovations on. |
Artificial intelligence. | Agricultural informatics.
Classification: LCC S494.5.D3 A77 2022 | DDC 338.10285– dc23/ eng/ 20220124
LC record available at https:// lccn.loc.gov/ 2022000641
ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 12079- 9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978- 1- 032- 28906- 9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978- 1- 003- 29905- 9 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003299059
Typeset in Garamond
by Newgen Publishing UK
Contents
Foreword ............................................................................................................xv
Preface ..............................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgements ...........................................................................................xix
About the Editors .............................................................................................xxi
Contributors ....................................................................................................xxv
1 Smart Farming Using Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of
Things, and Robotics: A Comprehensive Review .....................................1
M. J. MATHUSHIKA, R. VINUSHAYINI, AND C. GOMES
1.1 Introduction .....................................................................................1
1.2 The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Farming ...................2
1.2.1 The Fundamentals of AI Technologies Involved in
Agriculture ..........................................................................3
1.2.2 AI in Crop or Seed Selection ...............................................3
1.2.3 AI in Crop Management Practices ......................................4
1.2.4 AI in Yield Prediction .........................................................4
1.2.5 AI in Pest and Weed Management ......................................5
1.2.6 AI in Storing and Marketing Products ................................5
1.3 The Role of the Internet of Things in Advanced Farming ..................5
1.3.1 IoT- Based Soil Sampling .....................................................5
1.3.2 IoT- Based Disease and Pest Monitoring ..............................6
1.3.3 IoT- Based Fertilization ........................................................6
1.3.4 IoT- Based Yield Monitoring................................................7
1.3.5 IoT- Based Irrigation ............................................................7
1.3.6 IoT- Based Food Safety and Transportation ..........................7
1.4 The Role of Robotics in Advanced Farming ......................................9
1.4.1 Robotics in Planting .........................................................10
1.4.2 Robotics in Weed Control and Spraying ...........................10
1.4.3 Robotics in Field Inspection and Data Collection .............10
1.4.4 Robotics in Harvesting .....................................................11
1.5 The Challenges and Recommendations of Indulging
Technologies in Advanced Farming .................................................12
1.6 Conclusion .....................................................................................14
v
vi | Contents
2 Towards the Technological Adaptation of Advanced Farming
through Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and
Robotics: A Comprehensive Overview ..................................................21
MD. MAHADI HASAN, MUHAMMAD USAMA ISLAM,
AND MUHAMMAD JAFAR SADEQ
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................22
2.2 Technology in Advanced Farming ...................................................23
2.2.1 AI in Advanced Farming ...................................................24
2.2.2 IoT in Advanced Farming .................................................27
2.2.3 Robotics in Advanced Farming .........................................29
2.3 Challenges in Adoption of Technology ...........................................35
2.4 Conclusion .....................................................................................36
3 Artificial Intelligence and the Blockchain in Smart Agriculture:
Emergence, Opportunities, and Challenges ..........................................43
ANOOP V. S., ADARSH S., AND ASHARAF S.
3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................43
3.2 Literature Review ............................................................................45
3.2.1 Overview ..........................................................................45
3.2.2 Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture ..................................45
3.2.3 Blockchain in Agriculture .................................................46
3.3 Case Study: AgroChain – A Blockchain- Powered Transparent
Marketplace ....................................................................................48
3.4 AI and Blockchain for Smart Agriculture: Future Research
Dimensions ....................................................................................51
3.5 The Limitations of AI and the Blockchain in Smart Agriculture ......53
3.6 Conclusion .....................................................................................53
4 Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things Enabled Smart
Farming for Sustainable Development: The Future of Agriculture ........57
M. THILAGU AND J. JAYASUDHA
4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................57
4.1.1 Challenges in Traditional Farming ....................................59
4.2 Smart Farming ................................................................................59
4.3 Smart Agriculture for Sustainable Development ..............................60
4.4 AI in Agriculture .............................................................................60
4.4.1 AI for Field Condition Management .................................60
4.4.2 AI for Crop Management .................................................61
4.4.3 AI for Livestock Management ...........................................62
4.4.4 AI for Precision Agriculture ..............................................62
4.4.5 AI for Weather Forecasting ...............................................62
4.4.6 AI for Better Decision- Making .........................................62
4.4.7 AI for Cost Savings ...........................................................63
Contents | vii
4.5 Machine Learning in Agriculture ....................................................63
4.5.1 Management of Species .....................................................63
4.5.2 Management of Field Conditions .....................................63
4.5.3 Crop Management ............................................................64
4.5.4 Livestock Management .....................................................64
4.5.5 Models Behind .................................................................65
4.6 How Data Analytics Is Transforming Agriculture ............................65
4.6.1 Predictive Analytics ...........................................................65
4.6.2 Recommendation System ..................................................66
4.6.3 Data Mining .....................................................................66
4.7 Agriculture’s Data Analytics Benefits ...............................................66
4.8 The Challenges of AI in Agriculture ................................................67
4.9 The IoT and Sensors in Agriculture.................................................67
4.9.1 The Need for the IoT ........................................................67
4.9.2 Applications of the IoT .....................................................68
4.9.3 The Role of Sensors in the IoT ..........................................68
4.9.4 Sensors in Smart Farming .................................................68
4.9.5 Architectural Design .........................................................69
4.9.6 ATmega328 Arduino Microcontroller ...............................70
4.9.7 GSM Module ...................................................................70
4.9.8 Supporting Technologies for Smart Farming .....................71
4.9.9 How is Data Collected from Sensors? ...............................72
4.10 Drones in Agriculture .....................................................................72
4.10.1 Drone Components ..........................................................73
4.10.2 Benefits of Drone Technology ...........................................75
4.11 Challenges and Future Opportunities in Farming ...........................76
4.12 Conclusion .....................................................................................78
5 A Science, Technology, and Society Approach to Studying
the Cumin Revolution in Western India ................................................81
DIWAKAR KUMAR
5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................81
5.2 Methodology ..................................................................................84
5.3 Cumin Cultivation in Salt and Water Stress Areas of Patan .............85
5.3.1 Desert Development Programmes and Cumin
Cultivation in Patan ..........................................................87
5.4 Climate Change and Its Affect on Cumin Cultivation ....................89
5.5 Socio- Economic Status of Patan Farmers ........................................91
5.6 Need for Artificial Intelligence- Based Meteorological
Developments in Rural Farming Practices .......................................92
5.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective .................................................95
5.8 Limitations of the Study .................................................................96
viii | Contents
6 The Role of Big Data in Agriculture ....................................................101
C. T. ASHITA AND T. SREE KALA
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................101
6.2 Recent Study and Survey on Global Urbanization ........................101
6.3 What Role Does Big Data Play in Agriculture? .............................102
6.3.1 The Top Four Big Data Applications at the Farm ............102
6.3.2 Challenges Presented by Implementing Big Data
Solutions in Agriculture ..................................................104
6.4 Big Data in Precision Agriculture ..................................................104
6.4.1 Farmer’s Suitability for and Use of Meteorological
Data................................................................................105
6.4.2 Weather Forecasting Through Satellite ............................106
6.4.3 Forecasting Schedules Created Just for You .....................106
6.4.4 Weather Factors That Have an Impact on Farm
Planning and Operations ................................................106
6.5 Forecasting Floods ........................................................................107
6.5.1 Flood Monitoring and Forecasting Are Difficult Tasks ....107
6.6 What Role Do Automation and Big Data Play in Feeding
the World? ....................................................................................110
6.6.1 The Benefits of Hydroponic Food Production .................110
6.6.2 What Role Do Big Data and Automation Play in
Hydroponics? ..................................................................110
6.6.3 The Challenges of Automated Food Production ..............111
6.7 Conclusion ...................................................................................112
7 Blockchain- Based Agri Manufacture Industry ....................................113
MAHADI HASAN MIRAZ, MOHAMMAD TARIQ HASAN, FARHANA
RAHMAN SUMI, SHUMI SARKAR, MOHAMMAD AMZAD HOSSAIN,
AND SUBRATO BHARATI
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................114
7.2 Background ..................................................................................114
7.3 Expand Manufacturing .................................................................115
7.4 Agri- Blockchain ............................................................................116
7.4.1 Blockhain- Based Food Chain ..........................................116
7.4.2 Transactions ....................................................................117
7.4.3 Crop Insurance ...............................................................117
7.4.4 Traceability .....................................................................117
7.5 Shifts in Manufacturing ................................................................118
7.6 Research Framework .....................................................................120
7.7 Development of Agri- Blockchain ..................................................120
7.8 Research Process ...........................................................................122
7.9 Research Hypotheses.....................................................................123
Contents | ix
7.9.1 To the Body of Knowledge..............................................123
7.9.2 To the Potential Clients ..................................................124
7.9.3 To the Stakeholders .........................................................124
7.9.4 Novel Theories/ New Findings/ Knowledge ......................124
7.10 Conclusion ...................................................................................124
8 Agricultural Data Mining and Information Extraction .......................131
K. ADITYA SHASTRY AND SANJAY H. A.
8.1 Introduction: Agriculture and Data Mining ..................................131
8.2 Data Mining Techniques in Farming ............................................134
8.2.1 Classification ..................................................................134
8.2.2 Clustering .......................................................................136
8.2.3 Association Analysis ........................................................136
8.2.4 Prediction .......................................................................136
8.2.5 Data Mining with Other Methods ..................................137
8.3 Case Studies in Agricultural Data Mining .....................................138
8.3.1 Yield Prediction ..............................................................138
8.3.2 Identification of Diseases ................................................141
8.3.3 Identification of Weeds/ Wildflowers ...............................141
8.3.4 Crop Quality ..................................................................143
8.3.5 Gathering of Species .......................................................145
8.3.6 Soil Management ............................................................145
8.4 Discussion ....................................................................................146
8.5 Research Challenges of Data Mining in Farming ..........................148
8.5.1 Confidentiality ................................................................148
8.5.2 Quality and Accuracy of Information..............................149
8.5.3 Significance of Spatial Information .................................149
8.5.4 Inclusion of Farming Field Experience in
Data Mining ...................................................................150
8.5.5 Scalability of Data Mining Techniques ............................150
8.6 Conclusion and Future Scope .......................................................150
9 Machine Learning and Its Application in Food Processing
and Preservation .................................................................................157
BABATUNDE OLAWOYE, OYEKEMI POPOOLA,
OSENI KADIRI, JIDE EBENEZER TAIWO AKINSOLA,
AND CHARLES TAIWO AKANBI
9.1 Introduction .................................................................................158
9.2 Introduction to Machine Learning ................................................159
9.3 Machine Learning Techniques and Algorithms .............................159
9.4 Machine Learning Algorithms ......................................................161
9.4.1 Naive Bayes.....................................................................161
9.4.2 Support- Vector Machine .................................................162