Artificial Intelligence and Precision Oncology: Bridging Cancer Research and Clinical Decision Support

317 Pages·2023·9.865 MB·English

by  Zodwa Dlamini

Zodwa Dlamini   Editor
Artificial
Intelligence
and Precision
Oncology
Bridging Cancer Research and Clinical
Decision Support
fi
Arti cial Intelligence and Precision Oncology
Zodwa Dlamini
Editor
fi
Arti cial Intelligence
and Precision Oncology
Bridging Cancer Research and Clinical
Decision Support
Editor
ZodwaDlamini
SAMRCPrecisionOncologyResearch
Unit(PORU),DSI/NRFSARChIChairin
PrecisionOncologyandCancerPrevention
(POCP),PanAfricanCancerResearch
Institute(PACRI)
UniversityofPretoria
Pretoria,SouthAfrica
ISBN978-3-031-21505-6 ISBN978-3-031-21506-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21506-3
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Preface
Precisiononcologyisanovelapproachforcancercarewherediagnosis,prognosis,
treatment and disease monitoring are tailored to an individual patient or group of
patients,ensuringhigherratesofpatientsurvivalandtreatmentswithlesssideeffects
andmoresuccessincontrollingoreliminatingthedisease.Theadventofnovelhigh-
throughputtechnologiesinrecent years suchasnext generation sequencing(NGS)
hasledtoan“omics”revolution,generationofmassiveamountofcomplexpatient
data, that has prompted the development of novel computational infrastructures,
platforms and tools to store, retrieve and analyse this data efficiently. Artificial
Intelligence(AI)isidealforinterpretingpatternsinlargedatasetsandoffersunique
opportunitiesforadvancingprecisiononcology.AIcanaccuratelyinterpretnotonly
omicsdata,butitcanalsointegratedatafromother sourcessuchaspatient reports
and medical imaging to give a more precise view of the individual or population,
allowingforbetterclinicaldecisionmaking.
Inthisbook,weprovideanoverviewofAIinprecisiononcologyanditisdivided
into3parts.Firstpart:ArtificialIntelligenceforScreening,DiagnosisandMonitor-
inginPrecisionOncology.ThissectionincludestheuseofAIandnovelbiomarkers,
includingcirculatingcellfreenucleicacids(ccfNAs),inthediagnosis,prognosisand
monitoringofcancer.ItalsofocusesontheuseofAI-enhanceddigitalpathologyand
radiogenomicsinprecisiononcology.Secondpart:ArtificialIntelligenceandOmics
inPrecisionOncology.IthighlightstheuseofAIandepigenetics,metabolomicsand
microbiomics in precision oncology. These sources of omics data are relatively
recent sources of data and are highlighted here as they represent a departure from
the more often discussed genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data. Third part:
ArtificialIntelligenceinCancerTherapyandItsClinicalApplications.Ithighlights
the use of AI-based medical devices, AI-guided drug design to target alternative
splicing in cancer, AI prediction tools in maximising therapeutic efficacy and
AI-empowered decision support systems such as AI-Pathway companion in
recommendingthemosteffectivetherapeuticapproaches.Italsohighlights theuse
ofAItoolsforriskprediction,earlydetection,diagnosisandaccurateprognosis.
v
vi Preface
Theauthorsarebasicscientistsandclinicalexpertsworkinginthefieldofcancer
research and have forged a collaborative effort and writing on this important
transdisciplinary subject of AI and Precision Oncology in cancer care and clinical
decisionmaking.
The editor has chosen a unique opportunity to capture the most up-to-date
perspectives in Artificial Intelligence and Precision Oncology, which is part of
advancing Society 5.0 and Healthcare by using digital technologies and providing
opportunitiesforimprovingcancercaredeliveryandoutcomes.
Pretoria,SouthAfrica ZodwaDlamini
Contents
1 TheApplicationofAIinPrecisionOncology:Tailoring
Diagnosis,Treatment,andtheMonitoringofDisease
ProgressiontothePatient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ZodwaDlaminiandRodneyHull
PartI ArtificialIntelligenceforScreening,Diagnosis,Monitoring
inPrecisionOncology
2 ApplicationofAIinNovelBiomarkersDetectionthatInduces
DrugResistance,EnhanceTreatmentRegimens,andAdvancing
PrecisionOncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
RahabaMarima,NompumeleloMtshali,KgomotsoMathabe,
AfraBasera,MahloriMkhabele,MeshackBida,andZodwaDlamini
3 UseofArtificialIntelligenceinImplementingMainstream
PrecisionMedicinetoImproveTraditionalSymptom-driven
PracticeofMedicine:AllowingEarlyInterventions
andTailoringbetter-personalisedCancerTreatments. . . . . . . . . . . 49
ThifhelimbiluLuvhengo,ThuloMolefi,DemetraDemetriou,
RodneyHull,andZodwaDlamini
4 AIasaNovelApproachforExploringccfNAsinPersonalized
ClinicalDiagnosisandPrognosis:ProvidingInsightintothe
Decision-MakinginPrecisionOncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
LesetjaMotadi,MzubanziMabongo,DemetraDemetriou,
PreciousMathebela,andZodwaDlamini
5 AI-EnhancedDigitalPathologyandRadiogenomicsinPrecision
Oncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
DemetraDemetriou,RodneyHull,MmamoletlaKgoebane-Maseko,
ZarinaLockhat,andZodwaDlamini
vii
viii Contents
PartII ArtificialIntelligenceandOmicsinPrecisionOncology
6 EpigeneticsAnalysisUsingArtificialIntelligenceintheEra
ofPrecisionOncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
RodneyHull,SerwaloRamagaga,NomsaNkosi,RahabaMarina,
RosemaryI.Kabahuma,andZodwaDlamini
7 AssociationofMetabolomicswithAIinPrecisionOncology:
EmergingPerspectivesforMoreEffectiveCancerCare. . . . . . . . . 139
LangananiMbodi,PreciousMathebela,andZodwaDlamini
8 ArtificialIntelligenceApplicationtoMicrobiomicsDatafor
ImprovedClinicalDecisionMakinginPrecisionOncology. . . . . . . 157
SikhumbuzoZ.Mbatha,ZilungileLynetteMkhize-Kwitshana,
ThanyaniVictorMulaudzi,RodneyHull,andZodwaDlamini
PartIII ArtificialIntelligenceinCancerTherapyandClinical
Applications
9 AIandNanomedicineinRealizingtheGoalofPrecision
Medicine:TailoringtheBestTreatmentforPersonalized
CancerTreatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
AmandaSkepu,BoitumeloPhakathi,MaloseMakgoka,ZukileMbita,
BotlePreciousDamane,DemetraDemetriou,andZodwaDlamini
10 ArtificialIntelligence-BasedMedicalDevicesRevolution
inCancerScreening:ImpactintoClinicalPractice. . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
AhmedBhayat,RodneyHull,NkhensaniChauke-Malinga,
andZodwaDlamini
11 IntelligentDrugDesignandUseforCancerTreatment:
TheRolesofAIandPrecisionOncologyinTargeting
Patient-SpecificSplicingProfiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
RodneyHull,MoseboA.Manabile,andZodwaDlamini
12 ApplyingArtificialIntelligencePredictionToolsforAdvancing
PrecisionOncologyinImmunotherapy:FuturePerspectives
inPersonalizedCare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
BotlePreciousDamane,ZilungileLynetteMkhize-Kwitshana,
MahlatseCordeliaKgokolo,ThifhelimbiluLuvhengo,
andZodwaDlamini
13 EmployingAI-PoweredDecisionSupportSystemsinRecommending
theMostEffectiveTherapeuticApproachesforIndividualCancer
Patients:MaximisingTherapeuticEfficacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
ThuloMolefi,RahabaMarima,DemetraDemetriou,AfraBasera,
andZodwaDlamini
Contents ix
14 AI-PathwayCompanioninClinicalDecisionSupport:
EnablingPersonalizedandStandardizedCareAlong
CarePathwaysinOncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
MeshackBida,MphoKgomo,BahoueliGaudji,DemetraDemetriou,
andZodwaDlamini
15 AIToolsOfferingCancerClinicalApplicationsforRiskPredictor,
EarlyDetection,Diagnosis,andAccuratePrognosis:
PerspectivesinPersonalisedCare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
RichardKhanyile,RahabaMarima,MandisaMbeje,
ShingaiMutambirwa,DanielMontwedi,andZodwaDlamini
16 ConclusionandInsightsintotheFutureofAIin
PrecisionOncology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
ZodwaDlamini,DemetraDemetriou,andThuloMolefi
Editor and Contributors
About the Editor
Zodwa Dlamini is a Professor of Molecular Oncology
and the founding Director of the Pan African Cancer
Research Institute (PACRI) in South Africa. She is the
Director of South African Medical Research Council
(SAMRC) Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU).
She is the DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncol-
ogyandCancerPrevention(POCP).Sheisamemberof
the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
AdvisoryGrouponSub-SaharanAfrica.Sheisamember
of the AACR Pathology Resources in Africa Advisory
Group. Professor Dlamini is a member of the African
OrganisationforResearchandTraininginCancer(AOR-
TIC) Research Committee Scientific Advisory Board.
She isan elected member ofthe Academy ofScience of
SouthAfrica.ProfessorDlaminiisanoverseasFellowof
the Royal Society of Medicine (London). She is the
Associate Editor for Frontiers in Oncology: Cancer
Genetics.
Contributors
AfraBasera DepartmentofMedicalOncology,FacultyofHealthSciences,Steve
BikoAcademicHospital,UniversityofPretoria,Pretoria,SouthAfrica
AhmedBhayat DepartmentofCommunityDentistry,FacultyofHealthSciences,
UniversityofPretoria,Pretoria,SouthAfrica
xi