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572 Pages·1994·10.25 MB·English
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ARTIFACTS, REPRESENTATONS AND SOCIAL PRACTICE BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editor ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University Editorial Advisory Board THOMAS F. GLICK, Boston University ADOLF GRÜNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh SAHOTRA SARKAR, Dibner Institute, M.I.T. SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY, Baruch College of the City University of New York VOLUME 154 MARX W. WARTOFSKY ARTIFACTS, REPRESENTATIONS AND SOCIAL PRACTICE Essays for Marx Wartofsky Edited by CAROL C. GOULD Stevens Institute of Technology and ROBERT S. COHEN Boston University k4 if SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Artifacts, representations, and social practice : essays for Marx Wartofsky / edited by Carol C. Gould and Robert S. Cohen. p. cm. — (Boston studies In the philosophy of science ; v. 154) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-94-010-4390-8 ISBN 978-94-011-0902-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0902-4 1. Philosophy. 2. Aesthetics. 3. Science—Philosophy. 4. Social sciences—Philosophy. I. Wartofsky, Marx W. II. Gould, Carol C. III. Cohen, R. S. (Robert Sonne) IV. Series. B73.A69 1994 100—dc20 93-38216 ISBN 978-94-010-4390-8 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE / Carol C. Gould ix MARXOLOGY / Robert S. Cohen xi Art HILDE HEIN / Institutional Blessing: The Museum as Canon- Maker 1 GREGG M. HOROWITZ / "Suddenly One Has The Right Eyes": Illusion and Iconoclasm in the Early Gombrich 21 MICHAEL KELLY / Danto, Dutton, and our Preunderstanding of Tribal Art and Artifacts 39 PETER KIVY / In Defense of Musical Representation: Music, Representation and the Hybrid Arts 53 DOUGLAS P. LACKEY / Two Vignettes in the History of the Mensuration of Value 69 BEREL LANG / Irony, Ltd., and the Future of Art 87 GARY SMITH / A Genealogy of 'Aura': Walter Benjamin's Idea of Beauty 105 Science ROSHDI RASHED / Analysis and Synthesis According to Ibn al-Haytham 121 JOHN STACHEL / Changes in the Concepts of Space and Time Brought about by Relativity 141 Philosophy and Its History ANDREW BUCHWALTER / Hegel and the Doctrine of Expressivism 163 PETER CAWS / Translating Feuerbach 185 WILLIAM JAMES EARLE / Is the Enlightenment Over? 195 vii viii T ABLE OF CONTENTS PAUL FEYERABEND I Realism 205 JAAKKO HINTIKKA I An Anatomy of Wittgenstein's Picture Theory 223 ISAAC LEVI I Rationality and Commitment 257 ALASDAIR MaciNTYRE I The Theses on Feuerbach: A Road not Taken 277 JOSEPH MARGOLIS I Donald Davidson's Philosophical Strategies 291 JOELLE PROUST I Time and Conscious Experience 323 ABNER SHIMONY I Ten Philosophical Poems 343 Politics and Praxis JOSEPH AGASSI I The Philosophy of Optimism and Pessimism 349 BERNARD ELEVITCH I Life is not a Poem? 361 ROGER S. GOTTLIEB I Levinas, Feminism, Holocaust, Ecocide 365 CAROL C. GOULD I Marx After Marxism 377 ERAZIM KOHAK I The Good and the Rational 397 GYORGY MARKUS I The End of a Metaphor: The Base and the Superstructure 419 WILLIAM McBRIDE I The Marxian Vision of a (Better) Possible Future: End of a Grand Illusion? 441 THOMAS McCARTHY I On the Communicative Dimension of Social Practice 463 CHEYNEY RYAN I The Bread of Faithful Speech 483 KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHETTE I Unsafe at Any Depth: Geological Methods, Subjective Judgments, and Nuclear Waste Disposal 501 LORENZO C. SIMPSON I Community and Difference: Reflections in the Wake of Rodney King 525 WILLIS H. TRUITT I Partisanship, Universalism, and the Dialectics of Moral Consciousness 543 NAME INDEX 551 CAROL C. GOULD PREFACE The essays collected here in honor of Marx Wartofsky's sixty-fifth birthday are a celebration of his rich contribution to philosophy over the past four decades and a testimony to the wide influence he has had on thinkers with quite various approaches of their own. His diverse philosophical interests and main themes have ranged from constructivism and realism in the philosophy of science to practices of representation and the creation of artifacts in aesthetics; and from the development of human cognition and the historicity of modes of knowing to the construction of norms in the context of concrete social critique. Or again, in the history of philosophy, his work spans historical approaches to Hegel, Feuerbach, and Marx, as well as contemporary implications of their work; and in applied philosophy, problems of education, medicine, and new technologies. Marx's philosophical theorizing moves from the highest levels of abstraction to the most concrete concern with the everyday and with contemporary social and political reality. And perhaps most notably, it is acutely sensitive to the importance of historical development and social practice. As a student of John Herman Randall, Jr. and Ernest Nagel at Columbia, Marx developed an exemplary background in both the history of philosophy and systematic philosophy and subsequently combined this with a wide acquaintance with analytic philosophy. He is at once aware of the requirements of system and of the need for rigorous and careful detailed argument. Interestingly, too, as a practicing artist and violinist from early on, he became attuned to the role of the aesthetic in experience and in science as well. And as a politically engaged person, he has always been keenly aware of the situatedness of philosophical thought and of the impact of both theories and actions on those who are exploited or oppressed. What has perhaps not been sufficiently noted about Marx's thought is the degree to which he anticipated so many of the recent trends in philosophy years before it became fashionable to do so. For example, his early innovative concern with historical epistemology and with historical approaches to the philosophy of science has been widely echoed ix C.c. Gould and R.S. Cohen (eds.), Artifacts, Representations and Social Practice, ix-x. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers. x CAROL C. GOULD recently and his analysis of representation and artifacts in aesthetics has also been reiterated in present discussions. It is our expectation that this book will elicit further attention to Marx's creative and important contributions to a wide range of key philosophical problems and will stimulate further thought in the directions he has emphasized. The essays collected here touch on a number of the themes that have been central in Marx's theorizing, though always from the unique standpoint of each of the distinguished contributors. The authors of these essays are friends or colleagues of Marx from the various "eras" of his work - from Boston University and from Baruch College, from colleagues in the U.S. philosophical community to friends from Western and Eastern Europe, and include some of his older and more recent students as well. Inevitably, many philosophical friends, colleagues, and students of Marx are missing here, either because of the editors' over sight or because the authors were asked to produce their contributions in some haste. We are sorry for these omissions but look forward to editing another Festschrift on Marx's seventy-fifth birthday, by which time he will undoubtedly have produced a range of new ideas and themes on which we may comment and which will inspire us to new sorts of thinking of our own. ROBERT S. COHEN MARXOLOGY Observation is praxis-laden ... First the facts. Marx Wartofsky, the philosopher and violinist, was first a musician and an artist. He graduated from that wonderful High School of Music and Art in New York City in January 1945. After a semester at Brooklyn College, he went to Columbia University, all the way to his Ph.D. in philosophy in 1952. He came to Boston University in 1957, and after 26 years returned to New York as Distinguished Professor of Philosophy in Baruch College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, where he flourishes today. I met him in the fall of 1958 when we shared a graduate seminar on Hume. I thought then, and now too, that he is the ideal colleague, teacher, friend, comedian, and critic. For six years he was the chairman of the philosophy department at Boston University, a time of turmoil without and within the University, and yet we experienced a Renaissance of philosophical quality due to him as first among equals. He seems to be a natural mediator while also a firm leader, qualities which were so very valuable in his years as Secretary-Treasurer of the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, as a local, state, and national official of the American Association of University Professors, and as one of the main figures in the development of the Boston Colloquium for the Philosophy of Science in 1960. He was the creative and innovative figure even as a depart ment chairman when he decided to cut through university bureaucratic budget-making by inventing a new unit of exchange value for full-time, part-time, tenure-track, non-tenure-track, teaching fellows, visiting pro fessors, adjunct faculty ... he called it 'philosophon'. No dean would recognize it. This was his only failure known to me. What has he published thus far? Three books: Conceptual Foundations of Scientific Thought (1968, with translations published in Madrid, 1973, Budapest, 1977, and Beijing, 1984); Feuerbach (1977); Models: Representation and the Scientific Understanding (1979, with transla tion published in Moscow, 1988). He has published more than three score and ten philosophical papers, beginning with his fine essay on 'Diderot xi C.c. Gould and R.S. Cohen (eds.), Artifacts, Representations and Social Practice, xi-xiv. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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The essays collected here in honor of Marx Wartofsky's sixty-fifth birthday are a celebration of his rich contribution to philosophy over the past four decades and a testimony to the wide influence he has had on thinkers with quite various approaches of their own. His diverse philosophical interests
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