Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand: Surgical Anatomy and Techniques PDF
Preview Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand: Surgical Anatomy and Techniques
Deepak N. Bhatia Gregory I. Bain Gary G. Poehling Benjamin R. Graves Editors Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand Surgical Anatomy and Techniques Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand Deepak N. Bhatia • Gregory I. Bain Gary G. Poehling • Benjamin R. Graves Editors Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist and Hand Surgical Anatomy and Techniques Editors Deepak N. Bhatia Gregory I. Bain Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital Flinders University and Research Center Adelaide, SA Mumbai Australia India Benjamin R. Graves Gary G. Poehling Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC Winston-Salem, NC USA USA ISBN 978-3-030-79422-4 ISBN 978-3-030-79423-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79423-1 © ISAKOS 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland I dedicate this book to my teachers and mentors: The surgeon- scientists who believed in and taught an evidence based approach to innovation. To my parents, Naveen and Rajkumari, and my family, Shilpa and Shraayan: Gratitude, for the love and encouragement all along. Deepak N. Bhatia Chairman, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Committee, ISAKOS I dedicate this book to the aspiring young who……dream to make a difference, develop a discipline to learn, and devote themselves to discovering the new dawn. We trust that you will be dedicated to and inspired by the next generation, just as our teachers were. Gregory I. Bain In loving memory of my wife Sandy, whose support and encouragement will be cherished always. Gary G. Poehling To my wife Jennifer and daughter Lily - your love, support, and friendship mean everything to me. Benjamin R. Graves Foreword Minimally invasive surgery has become the current standard of care for many, if not most, surgical procedures. From cataracts to coronary arteries, from gall bladders to gynecology, minimally invasive surgery has supplanted Arnold K. Henry’s Extensile Exposure [1] for surgical access to internal ana- tomic structures. In orthopedics, arthroscopy is expanding minimally inva- sive surgical techniques from major joints to smaller joints and even to potential spaces between tissue planes. Standards of care are an evolutionary concept. Surgical arthroscopy and a touch of bravado helped grow the broad shoulders of pioneering giants on which we stand today to advance the field of upper extremity joint surgery. This work you are holding is a comprehensive textbook of today’s approaches to elbow, wrist, and hand joint procedures. It contains, in addi- tion, some trailblazing initiatives that may become tomorrow’s conventional wisdom in upper extremity joint surgery. The contributing chapter authors represent global leaders in joint surgery, selected for their expertise and their support of ISAKOS. While journal articles are giving way to online “how-to” videos in surgical education, they are no substitute for personal medical libraries of classic, published articles and comprehensive textbooks for refer- ence citation and review. This book traces upper extremity minimally inva- sive joint surgery from its historical origins to its present techniques to its potential future. It describes the insightful understanding of joint pathology and pathomechanics and the creative imagination that have brought newer surgical potentials to reality. The many chapter authors collectively have cre- ated both a timely and timeless reference text for upper extremity surgeons. The scriptural Book of Proverbs, written principally by Solomon who arguably was one of the wisest of men and philosophers, entreats us to seek wisdom and, with wisdom, understanding (Proverbs 4:5-8). This textbook offers both—wisdom and understanding—with respect to the spectrum of joint pathology in the elbow, the wrist, and the hand. The surgical techniques are complemented with excellent, illustrative graphics and anatomic dissec- tions. Moreover, the surgical technique discussions include the all-sanguine “why” to elucidate the advantages of newer surgical approaches to orthopedic treatments, whether they be diagnostic, reparative, or reconstructive. While some of the procedures described are perhaps not yet standards of care, they are sufficiently detailed to serve as instructive reference for the next stage of advancement in surgical treatments. Thus, this book is wonderfully instructive, more than a primer in upper extremity arthroscopy but also a vii viii Foreword stimulus for those inclined to read tomorrow’s crystal ball and devise new and even greater surgical innovations. I commend all the authors’ courage in compiling this elegant textbook on upper extremity, minimally invasive joint surgery. It can be read with enjoy- ment, for deep wisdom and understanding. Terry L. Whipple Lifetime Honourary President International Wrist Arthroscopy Society Paris, France Reference 1. Henry, AK, Extensile Exposure. E & S Livingstone Ltd, Edinburgh. 1945 and 1957 Preface ISAKOS Elbow Wrist and Hand Committee The EWH committee is a relatively new subspecialist committee in ISAKOS. The EWH committee was formed in 2015 and the aim was to foster growth of EWH surgery and arthroscopy. Subspecialist member surgeons were selected from the global ISAKOS membership with Prof Gregory I. Bain as the chair. The EWH committee has since conducted ICLs at the ISAKOS biannual congress, facilitated lectures, JISAKOS publications and provided ISAKOS books. In 2017, ISAKOS and the EWH committee initi- ated the Gary G. Poehling Award for the best EWH research paper presented at an ISAKOS conference. The current committee (2019–2021) took charge at the ISAKOS conference at Cancun, Mexico, and proposed the book titled Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Elbow, Wrist, and Hand that would encompass the most progressive and modern techniques, ranging from basic to advanced. Aim of the Book Arthroscopic surgery of the EWH has undergone a paradigm shift in the last decade and several procedures which were considered “experimental” are now routinely performed. Arthroscopy has advanced beyond the confines of the joint, with soft-tissue endoscopy emerging as a minimally invasive solu- tion to extraarticular pathology. This book brings together basic and advanced techniques that would be useful to surgeons and trainees at all levels of exper- tise. Surgical anatomy is the foundation for safe reproducibility of any new surgical technique, and this aspect has been emphasized using cadaveric dis- sections, arthroscopic images, and illustrations. Many of the techniques have been written by the innovator surgeons and those who have extensive experi- ence with these procedures. The book also features some previously unpub- lished techniques that will appear here for the first time. ix x Preface Organization and Content The book begins with an interesting description of historical aspects of arthroscopy and especially wrist arthroscopy. The technical content is segregated into three parts: elbow, wrist, and hand. Each part has subsections beginning with the basic science that forms the foundation of these techniques. The procedures are subdivided according to the pathology (instability, fractures, etc.) or grouped by the region within the anatomical area (distal biceps, ulnar nerve, TFCC, carpometacarpal joint, etc.). Arthroscopic and endoscopic procedures for specific pathological con- ditions are described under each of these sections. Each chapter includes a brief background and key surgical anatomy pertaining to the technique. The surgical technique is simplified into a “step-by-step” approach with technical tips, pitfalls, and rehabilitations guidelines. A few open surgical techniques have been included specifically due to their “gold-standard” position in cur- rent treatment algorithms and also to highlight regional anatomical details. Evolving endoscopic techniques have been grouped as a separate subsection in each part. The book concludes with chapters on guidelines for incorporating newer techniques into practice, and the editors’ perspective on the future of elbow, wrist, hand arthroscopy, and endoscopy. Acknowledgments This book was written at a time of a global healthcare crisis and many con- tributors to this book are involved in the battle against the pandemic. We are thankful to every contributor for the remarkable dedication to their academic and educational commitments. Massimiliano Crespi from Italy was the illustrator for the book. Max has provided 184 anatomical and surgical illustrations. The illustrations were supported by a generous grant from ISAKOS. Mumbai, India Deepak N. Bhatia Adelaide, Australia Gregory I. Bain Winston-Salem, USA Gary G. Poehling Winston-Salem, USA Benjamin R. Graves Contents Part I History 1 The Early Development of Arthroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Andrew Baker, Terry L. Whipple, Gary G. Poehling, and Gregory I. Bain 2 History of Wrist Arthroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Andrew Baker, Terry L. Whipple, Gary G. Poehling, and Gregory I. Bain Part II E lbow: Basic Science 3 Clinical Anatomy of the Elbow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Gregory I. Bain, Benjamin Seah Renyi, and Janak A. Mehta 4 Elbow Anatomy: A Layered Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Deepak N. Bhatia 5 Surgical Anatomy of the Nerves Around the Elbow . . . . . . . . . 79 Celli Andrea, Serafini Fabio, Peruzzi Marco, and Pederzini Luigi Adriano 6 Arthroscopic Equipment and Set-Up for Elbow Arthroscopy . . . 89 Richard S. Page, Janina Henze, and Kevin Eng 7 Portals and Technique for Diagnostic Elbow Arthroscopy . . . . 97 Benjamin R. Graves, Michael T. Freehill, Gary G. Poehling, and Gregory I. Bain 8 Transarticular Posterolateral Portal for Elbow Arthroscopy . . . 109 Minoo Patel 9 Dry Elbow Arthroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Benjamin Seah Renyi, Joideep Phadnis, and Gregory I. Bain Part III E lbow: Instability 10 Classification of Elbow Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Alessandro Marinelli, Enrico Guerra, Marco Cavallo, Alice Ritali, and Roberto Rotini xi
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