Arthritis: Models and Mechanisms

318 Pages·1981·8.64 MB·English

by  D. C. Dumonde (auth.)

Arthritis
Models and Mechanisms
Edited by
H. Deicher and L. Cl. Schulz
With 119 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1981
Professor Dr. med. Helmuth Deicher
Abteilung Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin
Zentrum Innere Medizin und Dermatologie
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Karl-Wiechert-Allee 9, 3000 Hannover 61
Federal Republic of Germany
Professor Dr. med. vet. DDr.h.c. Leo-Clemens Schulz
Institut fUr Pathologie
der Tierarztlichen Hochschule Hannover
Bischofsholer Damm 15,3000 Hannover 1
Federal Republic of Germany
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-10781-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-68106-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-68106-6
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1981.
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2127/3140-543210
Preface
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disease, an
estimated 1.5% of the population being under
medical treatment for it in European countries
and elsewhere. However, to date the origin of
this chronic inflammatory disorder has not
been elucidated. Evidence for the involvement
of microbial agents is still tenuous, the rea
son for the defective control of inflammation
is still unknown, and the disease all too of
ten progresses to crippling stages despite
long-term treatment. As T. McKeown recently
stated with regard to rheumatoid arthritis,
"not enough is even known to indicate which
is the more promising approach, and the pru
dent course is to investigate both origins
and mechanisms". While working on animal model
diseases as well as on aspects of rheumatoid
arthritis and related disorders in man, the
members of the Special Research Area on patho
physiology of rheumatoid inflammation in man
and. animals (Sonderforschungsbereich 54 "Pa
thomechanismen der rheumatoiden Entztindung
bei Mensch und Tier"; maintained by the Deut
sche Forschungsgemeinschaft) at the Veterinary
and Medical Schools, Hannover, have been guided
by the concept that by studying clinically and
morphologically similar diseases in several
species, mutually stimulating results might
lead to improved knowledge of the pathophysio
logy of rheumatoid arthritis. In particular,
from working with model diseases in animals
new approaches to the etiology of rheumatoid
arthritis might be derived, while detailed
knowledge of pathogenetic processes in rheu
matoid arthritis could further research in
chronic stages of pertinent animal diseases.
The symposium held at Hannover in September
1980 thus dealt with several aspects of rheu
matoid inflammation in both man and animals.
Each of the four sections presents as many
open questions and impulses for future research
as factual results from a number of groups in
VI
different countries. The editors hope that the
reader will derive information concerning cur
rent issues in rheumatology research as well
as find himself stimulated for his own work.
Finally, the editors would like to express
their gratitude to Springer-Verlag for their
successful effort towards rapid publication
of this volume.
Hannover, April 1981 H. Deicher, L.CI. Schulz
Contents
Microbes and Microbial Products in the
Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Inflammation
Infectious Agents in the Pathogenesis of
Arthritis Syndromes
D. C. Du monde ..........•...........•..... 3
The Different Phases of Erysipelothrix
Polyarthritis: Comparison with Other
Microbial Models
L.Cl. Schulz, H. Ehard, W. Hermanns,
C. Messow, W. Drommer, I. Langer,
G. Trautwein, J. Winkelmann, W. Leibold,
K.H. Bohm, M. Rimpler, G. Kerlen,
F.C. Winkler, H.E. MUller, H. Kirchhoff,
J. Marquardt, K. Burow, and K. Rapp •.... 12
Arthropathic Properties of Peptidoglycan
Polysaccharide Complexes of Microbial
Origin
W. J. Cromartie .......•.....••........•.. 24
Adjuvant Arthritis: The Role of Microbial
Cell Wall Products and Other Substances
in the Genesis of Joint Disease in Rats
C.M. Pearson and Y.-H. Chang ............ 39
Discussion: Microbes and Microbial
Products in the Pathogenesis of
Rheumatoid Inflammation
Chairmen: J. Lindner and G. Trautwein •.. 51
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae-Induced
Chronic Polyarthritis in the Dog
W. Brass, U. Kersten, I. Schlitt,
B. Glassneck, S. Kroggel, G. Trautwein,
K.H. Bohm, R. Weiss, and G. Kerlen •..... 53
VI I I
Neuraminidase and Other Enzymes of
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae as
Possible Pathogenic Factors
H.E. MUller ........••..........•...•.... 58
Mycoplasma arthritidis-Induced
Polyarthritis in Rats
H. Kirchhoff, J. Heitmann, W. Hermanns,
L.Cl. Schulz, and W. Leibold ........•... 68
Vascular Mechanism in Rheumatoid
Inflammation
Protracted Shock - A Pathogenetic
Factor in Vasculitis and Connective
Tissue Proliferation in Animal Models
W. Drommer, A. Gasquez, F.J. Kaup,
C. Kohl, I. Langer, A. Nafady,
G. Queisser, M. Rosenbruch, and P. Fink. 75
Pathogenesis of Shock-Induced Pulmonary
Fibrosis in Man as a Model of
Proliferative Inflammation
U.N. Riede .............. ·.··· ..•• · ...... 87
Aleutian Disease of Mink: A Systemic
Immune Complex Vascular Disease of Viral
Origin
G. Trautwein and R. MUller-Peddinghaus •. 96
Conditions of Vessel Wall Deposition of
Immune Complexes in Immunologically
Induced Vascular Diseases
A. Kijlstra, H.A. Hylkema,
and L.A. van Es ........................ 106
Studies on the Vasculopathy of Rheumatoid
Arthritis and Its Relation to "Systemic
Rheumatoid Disease"
H. Deicher, H. Mielke, W. Daniel,
W. Drommer, M, Fischer, R. Fritsch,
H. MUller-Vahl, G. Sybrecht, and
E. Weissbarth ............•..•.........• 118
Discussion: Vascular Mechanism in
Rheumatoid Inflammation
Chairmen: W.H. Hauss and D. Brackertz .. 135
Enzyme Histochemical Demonstration of
Certain Cell Populations in Synovium
Using Plastic-Embedded Whole Rat Joints
W. Hermanns and L.Cl. Schulz ....•...... 137
IX
Immune Reaction Involved in Rheumatoid
Inflammation
Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes
and the Genetic Regulation of the Immune
Response: Relevance for Rheumatic
Disease
J.R. Batchelor and K.I. Welsh .......... 147
Lymphocyte Populations and Subpopulations
in Rheumatoid Arthritis
S.S. Fr¢land ...........•...•.......•... 156
Cellular Immune Reactions in
Erysipelas Polyarthritis in Pigs
W. Leibold .............•......•...•.... 173
Lymphocyte Reactivity in Patients with
Rheumatoid Arthritis
J.R. Kalden .....................•.•.... 186
Immune Complexes and Antiglobulins in
Rheumatoid Arthritis
F.C. Hay, L.J. Nineham, M.G. Jones,
D.K. Male, L.A. Cooke, A. Young,
and I.M. Roitt ....•.....•.............. 199
Complement Activation in Rheumatic
Diseases: Mechanisms and Consequences
H.U. Schorlemmer .•..••................. 208
Discussion: Immune Reactions Involved
in Rheumatoid Inflammation
Chairmen: D.C. Dumonde and J.R. Kalden 223
Genetic Analysis of Rheumatoid
Arthritis: Population and Family
Studies
D. Brackertz and P. Wernet ..........•.. 225
T-Cell-Mediated Immunopathology in
Antigen-Induced Arthritis in Mice
D. Brackertz, G.F. Mitchell, M. Vadas,
LR. Mackay, and J.A.F.P. Miller ....... 234
Value of Different Immune Complex Assays
in the Course of Rheumatoid Arthritis
W. Liman, K. Heinrichs, A. Wittenborg,
M. Fricke, B. Baruth, and H. Deicher .•. 239
A Platelet-Release-Inducing
Immunoglobulin in Serum and SynOVia from
Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
E. Weissbarth, W. Liman, G. Eckert,
H. Menninger, and H. Deicher .........•. 244
x
Biomechanical and Biochemical Aspects
of Rheumatoid Inflammation
In Vitro Studies on the Metabolism of
Human Connective Tissue Cells:
Stimulation Factors in the Pathogenesis
of Perpetuating Proliferation
A. Delbrlick, F. Fienemann, E. Gurr,
H. Schroder, and E. Weissbarth ...•..... 251
Biomechanical Factors and Rheology in
Inflammatory Joint Destruction
V. Wright ............•.•....•.......... 262
Biomechanical and Biochemical Problems
in Diseases of Connective Tissue
F. Hartmann, H. Menninger, A. Wittenborg,
and H. Zeidler •••....•.••.............. 272
Discussion: Biomechanical and Biochemical
Aspects of Rheumatoid Inflammation
Chairmen: H. Greiling and A. Delbrlick .. 285
Glycosaminoglycans in the Discs of a
Single Human Spine: The Distribution
Pattern in Anulus Fibrosus and Nucleus
Pulposus
E. Gurr and W. Koller .................. 286
Lysosomal Enzymes in Rheumatoid
Inflammation: Biomechanical, Biochemical,
and Morphological Investigations with
Granulocyte Elastase as a Marker for
Neutrophilic Polymorphonucleated Cells
H. Menninger ..................•.....••. 290
New Methods in Synovial Fluid Rheology
and Macromolecular Netword Structure
H. Zeidler and S. Altmann .............. 297
Subj ect Index .......................... 305
List of Senior Authors
Prof. J.R. BATCHELOR, M.D.
Department of Tissue Immunology
Royal Postgraduate Medical School
Hammersmith Hospital
Du Cane Road
London W 12 (UK)
PD Dr. D. BRACKERTZ
Zentrum Innere Medizin und Dermatologie
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Karl-Wiechert-Allee 9
D-3000 Hannover 61 (FRG)
Prof. W.J. CROMARTIE, M.D.
Departments of Bacteriology and Immunology
and Medicine, School of Medicine
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina (U.S.A.)
Prof. Dr. H. DEICHER
Zentrum Innere Medizin und Dermatologie
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Karl-Wiechert-Allee 9
D-3000 Hannover 61 (FRG)
Prof. Dr. A. DELBRUCK
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Department Klinische Chemie II
Karl-Wiechert-Allee 9
D-3000 Hannover 61 (FRG)
Prof. Dr. W. DROMMER
Institut fUr Pathologie der Tierarztlichen
Hochschule Hannover
Bischofsholer Damm 15
D-3000 Hannover 1 (FRG)
Prof. D.C. DUMONDE, M.D., Ph.D.
Department of Immunology
St. Thomas' Hospital and Medical School
London SE1 7EH (UK)