Arterial Chemoreceptors: Cell to System

366 Pages·1994·25.546 MB·English

by  Ronan G. O’Regan, Philip Nolan, Daniel S. McQueen, David J. Paterson (eds.)

ARTERIAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
Cell to System
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
EdItonal Board
NATHAN BACK, State Umverslty of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R COHEN, The Welzmann Institute of SCIence
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, WlStar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA, N S Klme Institute for Psychwtrlc Research
RODOLFO PAOLETTI, UmveTSlty of MIlan
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ARTERIAL CHEMORECEPTORS Cell to System
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ARTERIAL
CHEMORECEPTORS
Cell to System
Edited by
Ronan G. O'Regan
and Philip Nolan
University College Dublin
Dublin, Ireland
Daniel S. McQueen
Uni versity of Edinburgh Medical School
Edinburgh, Scotland
and
David J. Paterson
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
LIbrary of Congress Catalaging-In-Publicatian Data
Arterlal chemoreceptars eel 1 to system I edlted by Ronan G. O'Regan
... ret a1. J.
p. em. -- (Advances In experlmental medlclne and bl010gy . v.
360)
Includes bIblIographIcal references and Index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6099-5 ISBN 978-1-4615-2572-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2572-1
I. CarotId body--Congresses. 2. Chemoreceptors--Congresses.
3. Respl~atlor--Regulatlcn--Congresses. I. O'Regan. R. G. (Ronan
G.) II. InternatIonal SymposIum on ArterIal ChemoreceptIon (12th
1993 DublIn. Ireland) III. Series.
[DNLM 1. Chemoreceptors--physlology--congresses. 2. CarotId
Body--physlology--congresses. 3. Oxygen--metabollsm--congresses.
4. Carbon Dloxlde--metabollsm--congresses. WI AD559 v. 360 1994
~L 102.9 A7864 1994]
QP368.8.A78 1994
599' .0188--dc20
DNLM/DLC
for LIbrary of Congress 94-31472
CIP
Proceedings of a meeting of the International Society of Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC) on
Chemoreceptors and Chemoreflexes in Health and Disease, held August 9-13, 1993, in DubIln, Ireland
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1994
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
ThIS volume IS dedIcated to
Eric Neil
(1918-1990)
v
PREFACE
The International Society for Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC) was founded in August
1988 during the 9th International Symposium on Arterial Chemoreception which was held at
Park City, Utah, USA. ISAC was established with the aim of providing a framework to
support the increasing number of investigators from a wide variety of disciplines (anatomists,
pathologists, respiratory physiologists and clinicians, high altitude physiologists, biochemists,
biophysicists, physiologists and pharmacologists) who share a common interest in arterial
chemoreception.
ISAC took over the co-ordination of the international chemoreceptor meetings, with
the membership deciding the venue for forthcoming meetings. During the Park City
symposium Dublin was selected to host the 1993 meeting, under the Presidency of Professor
Ronan O'Regan. The 12th International Meeting on Arterial Chemoreception, which was
held in Dublin in August 1993, was acclaimed as a great success by all those present. The
delegates not only shared in a wide-ranging feast of chemoreceptor based science, they had
plenty of opportunity during the meeting for renewing acquaintances and establishing new
friendships. The location for the meeting at University College Dublin's modem Belfield
campus helped to promote such interaction, and the social programme was outstanding.
ISAC greatly appreciates the work of the local organizing committee in making the
Dublin meeting such a successful event. This committee worked extremely hard to ensure
that the scientific and social programme was varied and interesting. Thanks are also due to
the sponsors of the meeting for their financial help, particularly for the substantial
contributions given by The Wellcome Trust, Astra Hassle and SmithKline Beecham.
During the Dublin meeting Professor Helmut Acker (Dortmund, Germany) stood down
as Hon. Secretary of ISAC. The society is indebted to Helmut for all his hard work in
nurturing the society during its early years, and the membership expressed their gratitude to
him. Professor Sal Fidone (Salt Lake City, USA) was elected as the new Hon. Secretary,
and the meeting wished him well in his duties. Dr. Dan McQueen (Edinburgh, UK) was re
elected as Hon. Treasurer, acknowledging his outstanding contribution to maintaining and
enhancing the fmancial status of the society. It was decided by the members of ISAC that
their next meeting would be held in Santiago, Chile, under the Presidency of Professor
Patricio Zapata of the Catholic University in Santiago. The precise date has yet to be
arranged but it is likely to be around Easter 1996.
In order to provide a wider biomedical audience with an account of the papers that
were presented during the Dublin meeting, each contributor was asked to prepare a concise
short report for publication in this volume. The Editors took the opportunity of inviting
review chapters, and have combined these with the individual papers to give a
comprehensive integrated and up-to-date account of arterial chemoreception from cell to
system. The quality of this book is a testament to the dedication and hard work of the
Editors. David Paterson (Oxford, UK) did much of the initial negotiating with our
publishers and the co-ordination of the review chapters, with the assistance of Dan McQueen
(Edinburgh, UK). As for the final compilation and editing, using modem word processing
techniques, Philip Nolan (Dublin, Ireland) has been outstanding, as can be seen from the
vii
content and layout of this book. We would like to thank all the contributors for their prompt
submission of manuscripts. We are delighted to be continuing our links with Plenum
Publishing Corporation, and are grateful for their assistance in preparing this volume so soon
after the Meeting.
viii
CONTENTS
Eric Neil: An Appreciation 1
INVITED REVIEWS
International Meetings on Chemoreceptors:
Historical perspectives . . . . . . 5
R. G. O'Regan and P. Nolan
Oxygen Sensing in the Carotid Body:
Ideas and Models 21
H. Acker
Ionic Channels in Type I Carotid Body Cells . . . . . . 29
C. Peers
Role of Intracellular pH and [Ca2+li in
Acid Chemoreception in Type I Cells
of the Carotid Body . . . . . . . . 41
K. J. Buckler and R. D. Vaughan-Jones
Neurotransmitters in the Carotid Body . . 57
N. R. Prabhakar
Reflexes Arising from the Arterial
Chemoreceptors . . . . 71
D. J. Paterson and P. C. G. Nye
Central Integration of Chemoreceptor
Afferent Activity . . . . . . . 87
D. Jordan
Chemoreceptor Function in the Fetus
and Neonate . 99
M. Hanson and P. Kumar
The Role of Arterial Chemoreceptors
in Ventilatory Acclimatization
to Hypoxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
G. E. Bisgard
Chemosensitivity from the Lungs of Vertebrates . . . . 123
P. Scheid and H. Shams
ix
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
Heymans' Visit to Dublin to Review
"Buffer" Nerve Experiments . . . . . . . . 133
J. B. Moynihan and C. S. Breathnach
A Belated Centennial Tribute to Corneille Heymans . . . 137
C. S. Breathnach
Glomera that are not Chemosensitive . . . . . . . . . . 141
M. Kennedy, J. J. Smith and C. S. Breathnach
MOLECULAR AND IONIC MECHANISMS OF CHEMOTRANSDUCTION
Electrotonic Coupling Between Carotid
Body Glomus Cells . . . . ........ 143
L. Monti-Bloch, V. Abudara
and C. Eyzaguirre
CO-binding Chromophores in Oxygen Chemoreception
in the Carotid Body . . .. 149
S. Lahiri, D. K. Ray, D. Chugh, R. Iturriaga
and A. Mokashi
Actions of Nicotinic Agonists on
Isolated Type I Cells of the
Neonatal Rat Carotid Body . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
C. Peers, C. N. Wyatt
and K. J. Buckler
Ca2+-Activated K+-Channels from Isolated
Type I Carotid Body Cells of the
Neonatal Rat. . . . . . . . . 159
C. N. Wyatt and C. Peers
Culturing Carotid Body Cells of Adult Cats . . . . . . 163
M. Shirahata, B. Schofield,
B. Y. Chin, and T. R. Guilarte
Plasticity in Cultured Arterial Chemoreceptors:
Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Cyclic AMP
Analogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
C. A. Nurse, A. Jackson, and A. Stea
Carotid Body Chemorece~tion: Role of
Extracellular Ca + . . .. . ........ 171
R. Iturriaga and S. Lahiri
Cytosolic Calcium in Isolated Type I Cells
of The Adult Rabbit Carotid Body:
Effects of Hypoxia, Cyanide and
Changes in Intracellular pH .. . ....... 175
M. Roumy
Characterization of Membrane Currents in
Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies:
Hypoxia-Sensitive Airway Chemoreceptors ..... 179
C. Youngs on , C. Nurse, H. Yeger
and E. Cutz
x
Ionic Currents on Endothelial Cells of
Rat Brain Capillaries . . . . . . . . 183
M. A. Delpiano
Urokinase and its Receptor: Markers of Malignancy? .. 187
P. J. Gaffney, D. A. Cooke
and K. G. Burnand
NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND PUTATIVE NEUROTRANSMITTERS
IN THE CAROTID BODY
Electrochemical Measurement of Rapid
Dopamine Release in Perfused Cat
Carotid Body during Onset of Hypoxia . . . . . . 193
D. G. Buerk and S. Lahiri
Hypoxia-Induced Catecholamine Release
from Rat Carotid Body, In Vitro,
during Maturation and following
Chronic Hypoxia . . . . . . .. ........ 197
D. F. Donnelly and T. P. Doyle
Assessment of Na+ Channel Involvement
in the Release of Catecholamines
from Chemoreceptor Cells of the
Carotid Body . . . . .. ........ 201
A. Rocher, A. Obeso, B. Herreros
and C. Gonzalez.
Activation of GTP-binding Proteins by Aluminum
Fluoride Modulates Catecholamine Release
in the Rabbit Carotid Body . . .. .... 205
M. T. G. Cachero, A. Rocher, R. J. Rigual
and C. Gonzalez
Catecholamines in the Rabbit Carotid Body:
Content And Secretion . . . . .. ...... 209
L.-M. Leitner and J.-M. Cottet-Emard
Cholinergic Aspects of Carotid Body
Chemotransduction . . . .. .......... 213
R. S. Fitzgerald, M. Shirahata
and T. Ide
Low P02 Dependency of Neutral Endopeptidase
and Acetylcholinesterase Activities of
the Rat Carotid Body ........ , .... 217
G. K. Kumar, N. R. Prabhakar, K. P. Strohl,
A. Thomas and P. A. Cragg
Nitric Oxide Synthase Occurs in Neurons and
Nerve Fibers of the Carotid Body . . . . . . 221
P. A. Grimes, S. Lahiri, R. Stone,
A. Mokashi and D. Chug
NO Mimics 02 in the Carotid Body Chemoreception . . . . 225
M. Katayama, D. K. Chugh, A. Mokashi,
D. K. Ray, D. E. Bebout
and S. Lahiri
xi