EYEWITNESS COMPANIONS EYEWITNESS COMPANIONS Art The definitive visual guide A unique aid to discovering, enjoying, and appreciating Western art—the ideal Art museum and gallery companion Old masters, modern greats From Fra Angelico to Zurbarán, da Vinci to Damien Hirst, a who’s-who of the finest artists through the centuries Famous works Outstanding examples from each genre—how these masterpieces were created and where they can be viewed “Art is the path to knowledge.” Leonardo da Vinci robert cumming Printed in China b n The history of art Essential insights into the key 5 movements and styles, from Discover more at Classical to conceptual art www.dk.com Text previously published in ART: A Field Guide 1 PAINTING • SCULPTURE • PAINTING • SCULPTURE • ARTISTS • STYLES • SCHOOLS ARTISTS • STYLES • SCHOOLS EYEWITNESS COMPANIONS Art ROBERT CUMMING Text previously published in Art: A Field Guide LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE,AND DELHI Senior Art Editor Juliette Norsworthy Senior Editor Ferdie McDonald Design assistance Peter Laws Editorial assistance David John, Rob Houston Additional text contribution Thomas Cussans Picture Research Sarah Smithies, Celia Dearing, Carlo Ortu DTP John Goldsmid Production Rita Sinha Managing Editor Debra Wolter Managing Art Editor Phil Ormerod Executive Managing Editor Liz Wheeler Editorial Director Andrew Heritage Art Director Bryn Walls Publisher Jonathan Metcalf at Studio Cactus Design Laura Watson, Dawn Terrey, Sharon Rudd, Peter Radcliffe Editorial Aaron Brown, Jennifer Close, Lorna Hankin, Clare Wallis First published in 2005 by Dorling Kindersley Limited 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL Penguin Group First American Edition, 2005 Published in the United States by DK Publishing, Inc. 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 04 05 06 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Text © Robert Cumming 2005 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Convention. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. ISBN 0 7566 1358 2 A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Color reproduction GRB, Italy Printed and bound in China by L Rex Discover more at www.dk.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MODERNISM 10 THE HISTORY c.1900–1970 OF ART 340 44 CONTEMPORARY EARLY ART ART 3000 BCE–1300 CE 1970– 46 448 GOTHIC AND EARLY GLOSSARY RENAISSANCE 478 c.1300–1500 72 INDEX 501 HIGH RENAISSANCE INTRODUCING AND MANNERISM ART c.1500–1700 14 128 WHAT IS ART? THE BAROQUE ERA 16 c.1600–1700 162 MEDIA AND MATERIALS FROM ROCOCO TO 28 NEOCLASSICISM c.1700–1800 218 ROMANTIC AND ACADEMIC ART c.1800–1900 258