Art and Mankind: Larousse Encyclopedia of Modern Art: From 1800 to the Present Day PDF
Preview Art and Mankind: Larousse Encyclopedia of Modern Art: From 1800 to the Present Day
^=«^- ., O ENCYCLOPEDIA |SSE riARIN COUNTY FREE LIBR ERN ART 31111QQ252Q11Q CxEXERAL EDirOR RENK HUY(;HK h \ y I VI ART AND MANKIND '^O. LAROUSSE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF/ MODERN J fi' ^ 'V:> EDITED BY REN^ tUYGHl: i This magnificent volume covers allthe variecv luCtts ot world art during the ' dcrn era. Between the classical repose 3 00252 Olio and precisi' or the painting of1800 and the explosive I I I I turbulence ofart in the mid-twentieth century the break seems complete. For this period of150 years has seen greater and more violent changes in taste, outlook and way of life than any other in history.John ConstableandJackson — Pollock, Ingres and Picasso the contrast could hardly be more marked. Yet a strong thread runs through the period, and in tracing this thread with all its ramifications this book throws a fresh light on the art ofthe past as well as on the startUng artistic developments ofour own day. During the nineteenthcentury, scientific and technological achievement began to gather momentum, and art, as always, reflected this changing world. The scientific breakthrough by men like Darwin and Pasteur was echoed by the artistic breakthrough ofthe Impressionists. But with the turn ofthe century came a new spirit ofexcitement and an enthusiasm for a fresh approachto life. This surge forward produced, in science, Einstein's theory ofrelativity and Freud's introduction ofpsychoanalysis, and, in art, the Fauvism ofMatisse and the CubismofPicasso. So began the path whichhas led from Einstein to the age ofnuclear energy. And the same stormy pathhas taken art through Fauvism, Futurism, SurreaUsm, Abstract Expres- sionism and "Pop" to the very latest experiments of today's young artists. But painting is not the only branch ofart to reflect our rapidly changing environment. Architecture, sculpture, design and the minor arts were alldeeply affected and all are included in the scope ofthis book. Each essay in this volume has been written by a leading authority. There are also sertions which givein clear andconcise form a summary ofthe facts about all the arts, and each chapter begins with a penetrating article by René Huyghe discussing the evolution ofartstyles and techniques over different areas and periods in relation to one another and to civilization as a whole. In addition, there is a comprehensive index, so that any fact—artists, schools, styles, important — works ofart can easily be found. And welded to all these elements are over 1,000 illustrations, 56 in fullcolour, depicting the work ofall the great artists ofthe modem era and making this volume one ofthe most important books on art everpubUshed. Splendidly written and meticulously documented, the ^4 Larousse Encyclopedia of Modern Art is an ^-vtoo \> uble study ofthe most exciting periodin thehistory o' Frontcover illustration: Picasso, Pierrot and Harlequi' n. Mrs Gilbert W. Chapman Collection, New York m Back cover illustration: seecolourplatep. 36 k RETURN TO CENTRAL I il" DATE DUE II "SÂffl 5 fooi II juMQiam » 1 1 II I llfT /ùso^ns A.- II 709.03 Huyghe Larousse encyclopedia of modern art 11 warm Count) f^»^.^^^!^,....^ Bwid.nt Adm»nisUaUor Chhc Center ^f 9%\^A. C*lrt'«'"»» ART AND MANKIND LAROUSSE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MODERN ART I» French. Auguste Rodin (1840-1917). Head ofGrief. 1882. Musée Rodin, Paris. Photo: Michael Holford. Frontispiece. French. Paul Cézanne (1839-1906). Self-portrait. 1880-1881. Loiwre. Photo: Michael Holford. Endpapers. India. Le Corbusier (b. 1887). The Secretariat, Chandigarh (detail). 1952-1956. ^5.î,l "*^ w^ ^•' f iîî' ^-•«. -, ART AND MANKIND LAROUSSE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MODERN ART FROM TO THE PRESENT DAY 1800 RENE HUYGHE General Editor ^ I Member ofthe Académie Française Honorary ChiefCurator ofthe Louvre Professor in the Collège de France ^' ^^ O c^ c PROMETHEUS NEW YORK PRESS • Marm County frM Ubfary GMc Cefttfer Administration Bifll«Wf»ff , r>„U,; ,--,l|iii<-f„^mtf V.<v, •/• \, . 11 fbl c'">N 'fi^, -/y o'-" Englishtext|)repared byEmily Evershed, Dennis Gilbert, Hugh Newbury,Ralphde Saram, Richard WaterhouseandKatherine Watson fromtheFrenchoriginal L'ART ET L'HOMME X. © 1961 Auge, Gillon, HoUier-Larousse, Moreau et Cie (Librarie Larousse, Paris) © Thisedition 1965 PaulHamlyn Ltd, London LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber65-19759 PrintedinGreatBritainbyJarroldand SonsLtd, Norwich CONTENTS ^ii< 12 INTRODUCTION Evelyn King CLASSICISM AND THE 1 ROMANTIC MOVEMENT 16 ART FORMS AND SOCIETY RenéHuyghe 28 THE CLASSICIST REACTION IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES Pierre Francastel 41 THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT MarcelBrion 59 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARY Lydie Huyghe,Evelyn King andEmilyEvershed LATER EASTERN ART 2 THE MOSLEM WORLD 93 INTRODUCTION RenéHuyghe 93 I. FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN TO IRAN Gaston Wiet 97 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARY SophieEssad-Arseven andGisèlePolaillon-Kerven 99 II. PERSIAN ART AFTER 1200 Basil Gray 104 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARYJeannineAuhoyer 108 III. MOSLEM INDIAJeannineAuhoyer 111 fflSTORiCAL sviAMAViJeannineAuhoyer 112 IV. MOGUL INDIA Basil Gray 114 fflSTORiCAL suMMKVCiJeannine Auhoyer THE FAR EAST 118 I. CHINA UNDER THE MINGS Madeleine Paul-David 121 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARYJeannineAuhoyer 125 II. JAPANESE ART IN THE MUROMACHI AND MOMOYAMA PERIODS Madeleine Paul-David 128 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARY Madeleine Paul-David 130 m. CHINESE ART OF THE CH'ING PERIODMadeleine Paul-David 133 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARYJeannineAuhoyer 134 IV. THE TOKUGAWA PERIOD IN JAPAN MadeleinePaul-David ^ 137 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARY MadeleinePaul-David 139 CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AND WESTJacques Wilhelm REALISM AND IMPRESSIONISM 3 146 ART FORMS AND SOCIETY RenéHuyghe 159 THE REALIST MOVEMENT BernardDorival 177 IMPRESSIONISM AND SYMBOLISM MichelFlorisoone 197 fflSTORiCAL SUMMARY Lydie Huyghe,Evelyn KingandEmilyEvershed 4 ART IN THE 20TH CENTURY 243 ART FORMS AND SOCIETY RenéHuyghe 264 THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN ARTJean Cassoii ART AFTER THE FIRST WORLD WAR 274 I. THE EXPLOITATION OF THE EARLIER DISCOVERIES BernardChamp{qneuUe 297 II. THE NEW DEPARTURES Frank Elgar 307 HISTORICALSUMMARYCécikGoUscheider,BernardChampigneulle,AgnèsHumbert, LydieHuyghe, GisèlePolaillon-Kerven andEvelyn King 429 INDEX CONTRIBUTORS JEANNINE AUBOYER, CuratoroftheFrench national museums (Asiaticart,Musée Guimet) MARCEL BRION, memberofthe Académie Française JEAN CASSOU, ChiefCuratorofthe Musée Nationald'Art Moderne, Paris BERNARD CHAMPIGNEULLE MADELEINE PAUI^DAVTD, Deputy Curatoratthe Musée Cernuschi, Paris BERNARD DORIVAL, CuratoroftheMuséedes Granges,Paris FRANK ELGAR, Director ofthe Amisde l'Art etdesjeunessesArtistiques MICHEL FLORISOONE, Curator ofthe French national museums, General Administrator of the Mobilier National andofthe Manufactures Nationales de Tapisseries des Gobelins etde Beauvais PIERRE FRANCASTEL, DirectorofStudies attheEcoledes Hautes Etudes BASIL GRAY, KeeperofOrientalAntiquities, British Museum GASTON WIET, member ofthe Institut de France, HonoraryProfessor in the Collège de France, late Director ofthe Arab Museum in Cairo JACQUES WILHELM, Curatorofthe Musée Carnavalet, Paris The late Sophie Essad-Arseven, Emily Evershed, Cécile Goldscheider, Agnès Humbert, Lydie Huyghe, Evelyn King and Gisèle Polaillon-Kerven wrote the Historical Summaries
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