ART AND CULTURAL PRODUCTION: with special reference to cartoons and caricature by Alan

496 Pages·2011·59.1 MB·English

1
ART AND CULTURAL PRODUCTION:
with special reference to cartoons
and caricature
by Alan Tomkins
Submitted for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy at the University of
London Institute of Education
BEST COpy
AVAILABLE
Poor text in the original
thesis.
Some text bound close to
the spine.
Some images distorted
2
I hac.'e been helped by :::Jany people in the of this study.
preparatio~
I arr. eSTIecially grateful to wife,not only for much general help,but
~y
fo:::- her detailed work on the translations. Liz Heron and Rein.h.ard Wagner
also assisted in this area and with criticism of of my early drafts.
so~e
I should also acknowledge my debt to the editor of the journal 'A.C.T.E.S.'
,Professor Pierre Bourdieu,at the Maison des Sciences de l'Homme,Paris, and
the editor of the journal 'Communications' ,Professor Roland Barthes (now
deceased) at the Centre d'Etudes Transdisciplinaires, Sorbonne, for permission
to translate and quote from articles in their journals; to the editors of
the New Statesman,Weekend ~azine(Canada) and the Telegraph Sunday Magazine
for supplying me with. cartoon reproductions and,in the case of the Telegraph,
for allowing me to document the mechar.ical and cultural processes involved
in the reproduction of magazine cartoons.
MY thanks are due to Professor Ernst Gombrich,Professor Christopher
Cornford (art history) and Professor Bernard Crick(politics) for reading
some of the research material and offering their critical judgements on its
shortcomings. I should also like to thank Frau Gertrud Heartfield (John
Heartfield's widow),John Berger(writer and art critic),Paul Goldman(British
Museum Prints and Drawings Department),Dr. Jennifer Montagu (Warburg
Institute) , Dorothy Scruton(School of European Studies,University of Sussex),
Stephen Bann(Department of History,University of Kent) and Steve Heller(art
editor, The New York Times) for their ~~idance and in some cases help in
tracing obscure illustrations.
I have also been greatly assisted by Gerald Scarfe, by Roger La" and
Peter Fluck,and particularly by Ralph Steadman who has allowed me to photo
graph large quantities of his work,given me access to his
publishers,?~ents,
printers, and engaged in discussion and critique of my work. He has helped
perhaps more than he knows.
I would also record my general indebtedness to the publish~d works
which I list in the bibliography.
Finally,this study would certainly never have materialised without the
constant support,encouragement and advice from my supe~visor Mr. Stanisjaw
Frenkiel,and the research grant awarded by the to support some
I~stitute
of my costs.
photogr~_phic
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TITLE: ART CULTURAL PRODUCTION:
!~D
i/i th 2ppc:'al r'C)ference to cartoons and caricature.
CONTENTS:
Introduction
Part 1: Constitution of the Field in Art Educational Research
Th~
Chapter 1 Working Methods
Chapter 2 The Ideological Function of the Art Concept
Chapter 3 Art and Culture
Chapter 4 Visual Ideology and Style
Part 2: The Constitution of ths Field in Cartoon and Caricature
Chanter 5 Satire and Jokes:the Visual and Literary Discourse
Chapter 6 Representation and the Articulation of the
Cartoon/Caricature Sign
Conclusion
'Bibliography
List of Illustrations
Appendices:published articles,translation and notes
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XB9rJ:lACT
Th2' out to notions of 'art', '
art of
production: cartoons and • TheSE} related explorations
of a common crit ical and theort?
tical and some the
::>.xeas
in order to 10c2"te
in the sociology and cu1t~~
and to the analysis also
moves across disciplines 'art
t,
etc. - to connect theo re egG the 1iterar.1
visual discourse in satire or trying to
products the writing of
gre seen in conditions of
,,,ork as representations produce and meanings.. the
concern is of signification. An
outline of some of the that can be done, in art under
th·", rubric of t of central
org3,nising concept of art as
theori0s of cultural
to ask hOi"
to disah1ing notions of creativit;:r often aesthetic
~vsticism or a ' criticism ..
model of
of Frederick of
J3arthes 2nd a field
some an
in about the of a sociology of and culture and to
historically the codes 8,nd
for authorial nnel "lith. . In case the
caxtoons the "TOrk of their
"
is the spine of the aims the
~_1is
a contribution a of otller areas" In
production of cartoons to a the
5
•••
or nc;n-.~Jl9jC, photography etc.
has been as 'sub-cuI tUl."8,1 v or is mO.d2
C8,rtoons of
is made into the
of v , in oriel." to
of a more useful theor':;tical
production
where
there ar;:; a and
no
of Cf:tl."toons the
teclmiqu?s and
of within th2: of .An
r";presentation.
of its outcomes are the
is
social
.l,"ULCH"-'-
enpiricn.l
as the:; of:
includ~)c1
1) a grmdng int'9rest in a descriptive
an to in the main
body of the text
an attempt to to in one area of the
curriculullo
6
to say how to
or
be
'-'v ............
core
in
or
the \fayS
7
took for their sustenance, on the other
moves
of minor is
the
..
of
and
for the
ths more an
from
of
the
8
of
fol.'
as
an • I am :refel.'l.'ing
soms
the
and their
to
to see a as
in them on 9. be Been as a
on IL' ,"",..,,,11 or
on or the
of
are more
to the fol.'
a
has
t;o say
9
fa.cts - an
are
\\rork of art
I
!"here
'ideas', of clear
of
to mean. as
..
the same
groups and are
as we
far
more Parkin
in