Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects V (Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects Series)

555 Pages·2004·7.38 MB·English

by  W.R. Chappell

Arsenic Exposure
and Health Effects V
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Arsenic Exposure
and Health Effects V
ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonArsenic
ExposureandHealthEffects,July14–18,2002,SanDiego,California
Editors:
WillardR.Chappell
UniversityofColoradoatDenver
Denver,CO,USA
CharlesO.Abernathy
U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
Washington,DC,USA
RebeccaL.Calderon
U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
ResearchTrianglePark,NC,USA
DavidJ.Thomas
U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
ResearchTrianglePark,NC,USA
2003
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v
Preface
The Society of Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH) Fifth International
Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held July 14 to 18, 2002 in
San Diego, California. Both public and private groups sponsored the conference. In
additiontoSEGHandtheUniversityofColoradoatDenver,othersponsorsincludedthe
US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), AWWA Research Foundation (AwwaRF), the Electric Power Research
Institute(EPRI),andtheNationalInstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciences(NIEHS).
Over 220 people, including the speakers and poster presenters, attended the 5th
conference. Of these, approximately one-third were non-US citizens; the largest groups
were from Asia and Europe. The attendees included scientists from academia, industry,
local,state,USfederalandseveralforeigngovernments.Thedisciplinesofgeochemistry,
chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry, epidemiology and medicine were well-
represented at the meeting. Several outstanding papers and posters presented at the
conferencegeneratedlivelydiscussionanddebate,notonlyaboutscientificissues,butalso
social, public policy and regulatory issues. The interactions between the attendees both
duringandoutsidethesessionsresultedinmanynewcontactsbetweenscientists.
Therewere14platformsessionsand4postersessionswith67speakersand130posters.
Panel discussions were held after each session to encourage discussion and debate. Two
sessionsweredevotedtoanoverviewofsomeUSEPAandNIEHSarsenicprograms.As
in past conferences, the first report of elevated arsenic exposures in a new country was
given. This time it was Nepal; Dr. Shrestha reported elevated arsenic concentrations in
groundwatersintheTerairegion.
Theseedsoftheconference(s)weresownatameetingoftheSEGHExecutiveBoardin
December1991.TheyagreedtoformanArsenicTaskForcesimilartotheSEGHLeadinSoil
Task Force that had been formed in the 1980s. It was clear that there was a growing
controversyregardingtheproposedchangesintheUSEPAMaximumContaminantLevel
(MCL)forarsenicindrinkingwater.Thisistheenforceablestandardfordrinkingwater.In
additiontoimpactingonwaterutilities,thedevelopmentofthestandardwouldalsohave
thepossibilityforsignificanteconomicimpactsonthecleanupofsuperfundsitesandon
theelectricpowerindustry(becauseofarsenicinflyash).
The Task Force was formed in 1992 and co-chaired by Willard Chappell and Charles
Abernathy.Aninternationalconferenceseemedtobeanexcellentwaytobegintocompile
thedataandtodeterminewhatneededtobedoneinthisarea.TheFirstSEGHInternational
ConferenceonArsenicExposureandHealthEffectswasheldinNewOrleansinJuly,1993.
Thisconferencewassuccessfulinattractingthetoparsenicresearchersintheworld.Itwas
followedbytheWorkshoponEpidemiologyandPhysiologically-BasedPharmacokinetics
thatwasheldinAnnapolis,MDinJune,1994.Perhapsthemostsignificantoutcomeofthe
1994 Workshop was the realization that there are many arsenic hot spots in the world.
Althoughnotwidelyrecognizedbythescientificcommunityatthattime,significantpublic
healthproblemsexistedincountriessuchasIndia,ThailandandChina.TheSecondSEGH
International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held in June, 1995
inSanDiegowithaprimarypurposebeingtohighlighttheglobalaspectsoftheproblem
vi Preface
andmostoftheimpactedcountrieswererepresented.Atthattime,thebiggestrecognized
problemareawasinWestBengal,Indiawhereanestimated30millionpeopleareatrisk
fromarsenicexposureinthegroundwater.
TheThirdSEGHInternationalConferenceonArsenicExposureandHealthEffects(July,
1998) was also held in San Diego and continued the theme of global impact of arsenic.
In addition, two new countries with significant arsenic problems, Inner Mongolia and
Bangladesh were represented. The attendees were to learn that the Bangladesh problem
couldbelargerthantheoneinWestBengalwithapossible80millionpeople(two-thirdsof
thepopulation)atrisk.Thissituationcaughttheattentionofthemedialaterin1998withthe
publication of a front-page article in the Nov. 16, 1998 New York Times. The article was
syndicatedandpublishedinnewspapersaroundtheworld.
The SEGH Fourth International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects
(June,2000)continuedthefocusontheglobalimpactofarsenic,andalsofeaturedsessions
on mechanisms of cancer carcinogenesis, metabolism, and water treatment technology.
NewimpactedcountriesrepresentedincludedVietNam.
TheFifthInternationalConferenceonArsenicExposureandHealthEffects(July,2002)
introduced the participants to the problems in Nepal. Numerous speakers discussed
advances in understanding the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity and carcinogenicity. The
considerable advances in several areas were readily apparent and this monograph
representsthestateoftheart.Theorganizersaredeeplygratefultotheauthorsfortheirfine
workandtothesponsorsforthesupportthatmadeitpossible.
We are also deeply appreciative of the fine efforts of Rosemary Wormington of the
EnvironmentalSciencesProgramoftheUniversityofColoradoatDenverwhoputinlong
hours as conference coordinator. She kept the entire Conference going and, more than
anyoneelse,isresponsibleforthesuccessofthisandthepastconferences.
vii
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
ListofContributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
I. OCCURRENCEANDEXPOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
GroundwaterArsenicExposureinIndia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
DipankarChakraborti,MrinalKumarSengupta,
MohammadMahmudurRahman,UttamKumarChowdhury,
DilipLodh,ChittaRanjanChanda,GautamKumarBasu,
SubhashChandraMukherjee,KshitishChandraSaha
GroundwaterArsenicContaminationinNepal:
ANewChallengeforWaterSupplySector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
RoshanR.Shrestha,MathuraP.Shrestha,NarayanP.Upadhyay,
RiddhiPradhan,RoshaKhadka,ArinitaMaskey,SabitaTuladhar,
BinodM.Dahal,SharmilaShrestha,KabitaB.Shrestha
EnvironmentalImpacts,ExposureAssessmentandHealthEffects
relatedtoArsenicEmissionsfromaCoal-FiredPowerPlant
inCentralSlovakia;theEXPASCANStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
I.Thornton,M.E.Farago,T.Keegan,M.J.Nieuwenhuijsen,
R.N.Colvile,B.Pesch,U.Ranft,P.Miskovic,P.Jakubisand
theEXPASCANstudygroupV.Bencko,E.Cordos,P.Docx,
E.Fabianova,P.Frank,M.Gotzl,J.Grellier,B.Hong,J.Rames,
R.Rautiu,E.Stevens,J.Zvarova
TrivalentArsenicSpecies:Analysis,Stability,andInteraction
withaProtein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
GuifengJiang,XiufenLu,ZhilongGong,WilliamR.CullenandX.ChrisLe
ArsenicinYellowknife,NorthWestTerritories,Canada . . . . . . . . . 69
WilliamR.Cullen,ElenaPolishchuk,KennethJ.Reimer,YongmeiSun,
LixiaWang,VivianW.-M.Lai
OccurrenceofPublicHealthandEnvironmentalHazardsandPotential
RemediationofArsenic-ContainingSoils,Sediments,SurfaceWater
andGroundwaterattheLavaCapMineNPLSuperfundSite
inNevadaCounty,California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
G.FredLee,AnneJones-Lee
InvestigationofArsenicReleasefromSedimentMinerals
toWaterPhases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
TranHongCon,NguyenThiHanh,MichaelBerg,PhamHungViet
ArsenicandHeavyMetalContaminationofRice,PulsesandVegetables
GrowninSamtaVillage,Bangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
M.G.M.Alam,E.T.Snow,A.Tanaka
viii Contents
II. EPIDEMIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
CriteriaforCaseDefinitionofArsenicosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
D.N.GuhaMazumder
ArsenicExposureAltersPurineMetabolisminRats,Mice,
andHumans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
LuzMar´ıaDelRazo,EliudA.:Garc´ıa-Montalvo,OlgaL.Valenzuela
RiskAnalysisofNon-MelanomaSkinCancerIncidenceinArsenic
ExposedPopulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Vladim´ırBencko,Ji´ıRamesˇ,MiloslavGo¨tzl,PetrFrank,Maria´nJakubis
EffectofArsenic-ContaminatedDrinkingWateronSkinCancer
PrevalenceinWisconsin’sFoxRiverValley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
LyndaKnobeloch,HenryAnderson
III. BIOMARKERSANDANIMALMODELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
AlterationofGSHLevel,GeneExpressionandCellTransformation
inNIH3T3CellsbyChronicExposuretoLowDoseofArsenic. . . . . 167
YuHu,XimeiJin,GuoquanWang,ElizabethT.Snow
LaboratoryandFieldEvaluationofPotentialArsenicExposurefrom
MineTailingstoGrazingCattle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
JackC.Ng,ScottL.Bruce,BarryN.Noller
DoesArsenicRequireaCarcinogenicPartner? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
TobyG.Rossman,AhmedN.Uddin,FredricJ.Burns,MaartenC.Bosland
CarcinogenicityofDimethylarsinicAcidandRelevantMechanisms . . . 211
MinWei,HidekiWanibuchi,KeiichirouMorimuraandShojiFukushima
IV. MODEOFACTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
EnzymologyandToxicityofInorganicArsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
H.VaskenAposhian,RobertA.Zakharyan,SheilaM.Healy,
EricWildfang,JayS.Petrick,AdrianaSampayo-Reyes,PhilipG.Board,
DeanE.Carter,D.N.GuhaMazumder,MaryM.Aposhian
StructuralProteomicsofArsenicTransportandDetoxification . . . . . 241
ZijuanLiu,RitaMukhopadhyay,JinShi,JunYe,BarryP.Rosen
ANovelS-adenosylmethionine-dependentMethyltransferasefrom
RatLiverCytosolCatalyzestheFormationofMethylatedArsenicals . . 255
StephenB.Waters,ShanLin,MiroslavStyblo,DavidJ.Thomas
MetabolismofArsenicandGeneTranscriptionRegulation:Mechanism
ofAP-1ActivationbyMethylatedTrivalentArsenicals. . . . . . . . . 267
ZuzanaDrobna´,IlonaJaspers,MiroslavSty´blo
EffectofAntioxidantsonthePapillomaResponseandLiverGlutathione
ModulationMediatedbyArsenicinTg.ACTransgenicMice . . . . . . 283
K.Trouba,A.Nyska,M.Styblo,D.Dunson,L.Lomnitski,S.Grossman,
G.Moser,A.Suttie,R.Patterson,F.Walton,D.R.Germolec
ApplicationofFilterArraystotheStudyofArsenicToxicity
andCarcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
JieLiu,HuaChen,MariaKadiiska,YaxiongXie,MichaelP.Waalkes
Contents ix
RegulationofRedoxandDNARepairGenesbyArsenic:LowDose
ProtectionAgainstOxidativeStress?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
ElizabethT.Snow,YuHu,CatherineB.Klein,KateL.McCluskey,
MichaelSchuliga,PeterSykora
CarcinogenicityofDimethylarsinicAcid(DMAV) . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
SamuelM.Cohen,ChrisLe,XiufenLu,MartyCano,LoraL.Arnold
UrinarySpeciationofSodiumArsenateinFolate
ReceptorKnockoutMice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
OferSpiegelstein,XiufenLu,X.ChrisLe,RichardH.Finnell
SomeChemicalPropertiesUnderlyingArsenic’sBiologicalActivity . . . 345
KirkT.Kitchin,KathleenWallace,PaulAndrewes
ArsenicMetabolisminHyperbilirubinemicRats:Distribution
andExcretioninRelationtoTransformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
KazuoT.Suzuki,TakayukiTomita,
YasumitsuOgra,MasayoshiOhmichi
IncorporatingMechanisticInsightsinaPBPKModelforArsenic . . . . 369
ElainaM.Kenyon,MichaelF.Hughes,MarinaV.Evans,
MiroslavStyblo,LuzMariaDelRazo,MichaelEasterling
V. INTERVENTIONANDMEDICALTREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
NaturalHistoryFollowingArsenicExposure:AStudyinan
ArsenicEndemicAreaofWestBengal,India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
D.N.GuhaMazumder,NilimaGhose,KunalMazumder,AmalSantra,
SarbariLahiri,SubhankarDas,ArindamBasu,AllanH.Smith
Saha’sGradingofArsenicosisProgressionandTreatment . . . . . . . . 391
KshitishC.Saha
PaintingTubeWellsRedorGreenAloneDoesNot
HelpArsenicosisPatients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
QuaziQuamruzzaman,MahmuderRahman,M.A.Salam,A.I.Joarder,
M.Shahjahan,S.U.Mollah
ArsenicMitigationinBangladesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
ColinDavis
NormativeRoleofWHOinMitigatingHealth
ImpactsofChronicArsenic
ExposureintheSouth-EastAsiaRegion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
DeorajCaussy
VI. WATERTREATMENTANDREMEDIATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
“ArsenicSolutions”WebPlatformof.50OptionsforDeveloping
Countries:CollaborativeDesignandInnovation
fortheCommonGood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
SusanMurcott
InvestigationofArsenicRemovalTechnologiesforDrinkingWater
inVietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
PhamHungViet,TranHongCon,CaoTheHa,HoangVanHa,
MichaelBerg,WalterGiger,RolandSchertenleib