Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects III. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects, July 12–15, 1998, San Diego, California

405 Pages·2000·8.94 MB·English

by  Willard R. Chappel

KURTJ. IRGOLIC
1938-1999
In July 1999, Professor Kurt Irgolic died in an alpine
hiking accident. Professor Irgolic was a well-liked and
admired member and colleague of the arsenic research
community. He was a key member of the Society for
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Arsenic Task
Force and contributed substantially to all three of the International Arsenic Exposure and
Health Effect Conferences. These Proceedings are dedicated to the memory of our cherished
colleague and friend.
Professor Irgolic received his Ph.D. in Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry from Karl-
Franzens-University Graz, Austria in 1964. He started his academic career at Texas A&M
University with Professor R.A. Zingaro. He was at Texas A&M from 1964 to 1989 and served
as Chairman of the Inorganic Chemistry Division from 1986 to 1989. Dr. Irgolic returned to
Kari-Franzens-University Graz in 1989 as Professor and Head of the Institute from Analytical
Chemistry. Using the experience gained during his 25 years in the US, Kurt built the Office
for Foreign Relations at Graz University to an internationally recognized group. In addition
to his teaching and research activity, he served in several high administrative posts,
culminating in the position of Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences. He was very proud of
the long and distinguished history of his alma mater. He remained at Karl-Franzens until his
untimely death in 1999.
Kurt's research interests were broad. He published 261 articles and 16 books. It would be
hard to determine what he felt were his most important scientific contributions because he
never distinguished among them. For him they were all important. He was equally
interested in analyzing archeological materials from South America and the chemistry of
arsenic in various media. He was widely regarded as one of the world's pre-eminent experts
on arsenic analyses. His intellectual legacy and integrity will be carried on by the many
students that he mentored during his academic career. The high standard of Kurt's character
serves as a worthy guidepost for all of us to aspire to in our personal and professional lives.
While his scientific accomplishments brought him international recognition as one of the
best chemists in the world and his teaching abilities trained some of the world's foremost
chenusts, his humanity endeared him to those of us who were fortunate to have known him.
He brightened many tedious meetings with his humor and common sense. He was always
cheerful and energetic. It was an honor to have known him and a great pleasure to have
called Kurt a friend.
To his wife Gerlinde and to his daughter Brigit, we share in your pride of Kurt as a chemist,
teacher and family man. He and his contributions wiU not be forgotten.
Preface
The Society of Environmental Geochemistry and Health (SEGH) Third International
Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held July 12-15,1998 in San Diego,
California. The conference was sponsored by both public and private groups. In addition to
SEGH and the University of Colorado at Denver, other sponsors included the US
Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR), the Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO), the Electric Power Research
Institute (EPRI), the International Council on Metals in the Environment (ICME), Elf
Atochem, and the Environmental Arsenic Council (EARC). The funding was about equally
spread between the public and private sectors.
The attendees included scientists from academia, industry, local government, state
government, the US federal government and several government scientists from outside the
US. The disciplines represented and the content of the presentations included geochemistry,
chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry, epidemiology and medicine. Several out
standing papers and posters, which were presented at the conference, generated lively
discussion and debate not only about scientific issues but also about policy and regulatory
issues. The interactions between the attendees both during and outside the sessions resulted
in many new contacts between scientists.
Panel discussions were held after each session to encourage discussion and debate. The
final session was a panel discussion on the shape of the dose-response curve. This panel,
needless to say, generated considerable debate and controversy. One of the most notable
comments during the discussion was made by a physician from Bangladesh where there is
probably the biggest arsenic public health problem in the world involving perhaps 80 million
people at risk from elevated arsenic in their drinking water. Having observed the heated
debate over how to extrapolate the dose-response relation to doses corresponding to less
than 10 micrograms per liter or less, this scientist noted the irony when in Bangladesh there
are perhaps tens of millions of people whose drinking water contains more than ten times
that amount. While developed countries are considering spending perhaps billions of dollars
per year to reach concentrations of 10 micrograms per liter or less, countries like Bangladesh,
India and China are trying to deal with much more severe, epidemic scale, arsenic problems
with millions of dollars or less.
The seeds of the conference(s) were sown at a meeting of the SEGH Executive Board in
December, 1991. They agreed that it should form an Arsenic Task Force similar to the SEGH
Lead in Soil Task Force that had been formed in the 1980s. It was clear that there was a
growing controversy regarding the proposed changes in the US EPA Maximum
Contaminant Level (MCL) for arsenic in drinking water. This is the enforceable standard for
drinking water. In addition to impacting on water utilities, the development of the standard
would also have the possibility for significant economic impacts on the cleanup of superfund
sites and on the electric power industry (because of arsenic in fly ash).
The Task Force was formed in 1992 and chaired by Willard Chappell. An international
conference seemed to be an excellent way to begin to compile the data and to determine
what needed to be done in this area. The First SEGH International Conference on Arsenic
Exposure and Health Effects was held in New Orleans in 1993. This conference was
successful in attracting the top arsenic researchers in the world. It was followed by the
Preface
Workshop on Epidemiology and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetics that was held in
Annapolis, MD in 1994. Perhaps the most significant outcome of the Workshop was the
realization that there are many arsenic "hot spots'' in the world. Although now widely
recognized by the scientific community, significant public health problems existed in
countries such as India, Thailand and China. The Second SEGH International Conference on
Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects was held in 1995 in San Diego with one of its main
purposes being to highlight the global aspects of the problem and most of the impact
countries were represented. At that time, the biggest problem was in West Bengal, India
where an estimated 30 million people are at risk from arsenic exposure in the ground water.
The Third SEGH International Conference on Arsenic Exposure and Health Effects (1998)
was also held in San Diego and continued the theme of global impact of arsenic. In addition,
two new countries with significant arsenic problems. Inner Mongolia and Bangladesh, were
represented. The attendees were to learn that the Bangladesh problem could be larger than
the one in West Bengal with a possible 80 million people (two-thirds of the population) at
risk. This situation caught the attention of the media later in 1998 with the publication of a
front-page article in the Nov. 16, 1998 New York Times. The article was syndicated and
published in newspapers around the world.
Over 200 people, including the speakers and poster presenters, attended the conference.
Of these, approximately one-third (64) were non-US citizens; the largest groups were from
Asia (24) and Europe (22). There were 47 platform and 100 poster presentations. Twenty-two
of the platform speakers were from outside the USA and represented 17 countries.
In addition to the continued focus on global impact, the conference also featured a session
on mechanisms of cancer carcinogenesis. Several scientists presented their work on this
important issue which is central to considerations of such questions as the shape of the dose-
response curve at low doses. This latter issue was featured in the final session of the
conference. Another session that was new and of great interest was on the treatment of
victims of chronic arsenic poisoning.
We believe this was the most dynamic conference to date and this resulting monograph
represents the state-of-the-art in arsenic research on a world-wide basis. We believe that it
will contribute to the solution of the many problems existing throughout the world and are
very grateful to the authors for their diligence and fine work and to the sponsors for the
support that made it possible.
We are also deeply appreciative of the fine efforts of Rosemary Wormington of the
Environmental Sciences Program of the University of Colorado at Denver who put in long
hours as conference coordinator. She kept the entire Conference "going" and, more than
anyone else, is responsible for the success of the conference.
Co-Editors:
Willard R. Chappell, University of Colorado at Denver
Charles O. Abemathy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Rebecca L. Calderon, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
List of Contributors
Abemathy, Charles Arnold, Lora L.
Office of Drinking Water University of Nebraska Medical Center
WH 550 D RM. 1037 East Tower Pathology/Microbiology Dept.
U.S.EPA,401MSt.,S.W. Omaha, NE 68198-3135
Washington, DC 20460 USA
USA Ayala-Fierro, Felix
Aikawa, H. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Tokai University, College of Pharmacy, COP 228
Tokai, Japan University of Arizona, P.O. Box 21-0207
Ajjimangkul, Sirinpom Tucson, AZ 85721
Center of Primary Health Care USA
Southern Region, Ampur Muang Barber, David S.
Nakom Sri Thammarat Province 80000 Virginia-Maryland Reg. College of Vet. Medicine
Thailand Blacksburg,VA 24061
Andersen, Melvin E. USA
KS Crump Group/ICF Kaiser Bencko, Vladimir
P.O. Box 14348 Institute of Hygiene & Epidemiology
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Charles University of Prague
USA CZ 128 00 Praha 2, Studnickova 7
Anderson, Henry Czech Republic
Wisconsin Bureau of Public Health Biggs, Mary Lou
P.O. Box 2659 School of Public Health
Madison, WI53701 University of California, 140 Warren Hall
USA Berkeley, CA 94720-7360
Angle, C.R. USA
University of Nebraska Medica Center Biswas, Bhajan K.
Omaha, NE School of Environmental Studies
USA Jadavpur University
Aposhian, Mary M. Calcutta 700032
Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology India
Life Sciences South Bldg. Bogdon, Gregory M.
University of Arizona Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology
P.O. Box 210106 University of Arizona
Tucson, AZ 85721-0106 P.O. Box 210106
USA Tucson, AZ 85721-0106
Aposhian, H. Vasken USA
Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology Brown, Kenneth
Life Sciences South Bldg. Kenneth G. Brown, Inc.
University of Arizona P.O. Box 16608
P.O. Box 210106 Chapel Hill, NC 27516-6608
Tucson, AZ 85721-0106 USA
USA Browning, Steven R.
Arif, Ashraf Islam Dept.Preventive Medicine and Environ. Health
Dhaka Community Hospital University of Kentucky
1089 Malibagh Chowdhury para 1141 Red Mile Rd.,Ste. 201
Dhaka Lexington, KY 40502
Bangladesh USA
List of Contributors
Buchet, Jean Chen, Tian-xin
Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Med. Unit First Department of Pathology
Catholic University of Louvain Osaka City University Medical School
Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30 - BTE 30.54 1-4-54 Asahi-machi
B-1200 Brussels Abeno-ku
Belgium Osaka 545-8585
Cano, Martin Japan
University of Nebraska Medical Center Chiou, Hung-Yi
Pathology/Microbiology Dept. National Taiwan University
600 South 42nd St. Taipei
Omaha, NE 68198-3135 Taiwan
USA Chiswell, Barry
Carter, Dean E. Chemistry Department
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology The University of Queensland
University of Arizona Brisbane 4007
College of Pharmacy Australia
Tucson, AZ 85721 Choprapawon, Chanpen
USA Office of the Permanent Scretary, moph
Casarez, Elizabeth A. Thivanondh Road
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ampur Muang
University of Arizona Nonthaburi, 11000
P.O. Box 21-0207 Thailand
Tucson, AZ 85721 Chouchane, Salem
USA Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine
Cebrian, Mariano New York University School of Medicine
CINVESTAV-IPN Tuxedo, NY 10987
AV. Instituto Politecnico Nadonal USA
2508. San Pedro Zacatenco, D.F.C.P. 07300 Chowdhury, Uttam K.
Mexico School of Environmental Studies
Centeno, J.A. Jadavpur University
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Calcutta 700032
Washington DC India
USA Clewell, Harvey J.
Chakraborti, Dipankar KS Crump Group
Director, School of Environmental Studies ICF Kaiser International
Jadavpur University 602 E.Georgia Ave.
Calcutta 700032 Ruston, LA 71270
India USA
Chakraborty, D. Clifford, Dennis A.
University of Nebraska Medica Center Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Omaha, NE University of Houston
USA Houston, TX 77204-4791
Chao Yan, Chong USA
Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine Cohen, Samuel M.
New York University School of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center
Tuxedo, NY 1098 Pathology/Microbiology Dept.
USA Omaha, NE 68198-3135
Chatterjee, A. USA
B.C. Roy Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Cragin, D.W.
University College of Medicine Elf Atochem North America Inc.
Calcutta 2000 Market Street
India Philadelphia, PA 19103-3222
Chen, Chien-Jen USA
Graduate Institute of Epidemiology Crecelius, E.A.
National Taiwan University Battelle Marine Sciences,
1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1 1529 West Sequim Bay Road
Taipei 10018 Sequim,WA 98382
Taiwan USA
List of Contributors
Crump, Kenny S. Farago, Margaret
KS Crump Group, ICF Kaiser International Royal School of Mines, Imperial College
602 E. Georgia Ave. Prince Consort Road
Ruston, LA 71270 London SW72BP
USA UK
Cullen, William R. Farr, Craig F.
Department of Chemistry Elf Atochem North America, Inc.
University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall 2000 Market Street
Vancouver Philadelphia, PA 19103
Canada V6T1Z1 USA
Dai, GJ. Ferreccio, Catterina
School of Public Health Pontifida Universidad Catolica de Chile/Gredis,
China Medical University Fleming 9840-Casa 4
Shenyang 110001 Las Condes, Santiago
China Chile
Dasgupta, J. Focazio, Michael J.
Inst. Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. U.S. Geological Survey
Calcutta 333 W.Nye Lane
India Carson City, NV 89706
De, B.K. USA
Inst. Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. Friedle, Matthias
Calcutta Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality
India and Solid Waste Management
Dekerkhove, Diane University of Stuttgart, Bandtale 1
Department of Nuclear Physics 70569 Stuttgart
Oxford University, Oxford Germany
UK Froines, John
DeSesso, John M. Center for Occupational & Environmental Health,
Mitretek Systems, Inc., 7525 Colshire Drive School of Public Health
McLean, VA 22102 University of California, Los Angeles
USA 10833 LeConte Ave.
Dhar, Ratan K. Los Angeles, CA 90024-1772
School of Environmental Studies USA
Jadavpur University Fukushima, Shoji
Calcutta 700032 First Department of Pathology
India Osaka City University Medical School
Donohue, Joyce M. 1-4-54 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku
Office of Science and Technology Osaka 545-8585
U.S. EPA, 401 M St., S.W. Japan
Washington 20460-0001 Gailer, Jiirgen
USA Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology
Dutta, S. University of Arizona
B.C. Roy Institute of Basic Medical Sciences P.O. Box 210106
University CoUege of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85721-0106
Calcutta USA
India Garcia-Vargas, Gonzalo G.
Eickhoff,J. CINVESTAV-IPN
Environ, 4350 North Fairfax Drive AV. Instituto Politecnico National
Arlington, VA 22203 2508. San Pedro Zacatenco
USA D.F.C.P. 07300
Eldan, Michal Mexico
Luxembourg Industries (PAMOL) Ltd. Gamett, Conine M.
27 Hamered St., P.O. Box 13 National Research Centre for Environ. Toxicology
Tel-Aviv 61000 The University of Queensland
Israel 39 Kessels Rd.
Fabianova, Eleonora Coopers Plains
Specialized State Institute of Public Health Brisbane 4108
USA Australia
List of Contributors
Geraiolec, Dori University of Arizona
Environmental Immunology Laboratory P.O. Box 210106
National Institute of Environmental Health Tucson, AZ 85721-0106
Sciences, P.O. Box 12233 USA
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Helsel, Dennis R.
USA U.S. Geological Survey
Ghosh, N. 333 W. Nye Lane
Inst, of Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. Carson City, NV 89706
Calcutta USA
India Hernandez, Maria C.
Ghoshal, U.C. Facultad de Medidna
Inst, of Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila
Calcutta AP 70228
India Mexico
Ghurye, Ganesh Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of North Carolina
University of Houston Department of Epidemiology
Houston, TX 77204-4791 Chapel Hill, NC 27599
USA USA
Goessler, Walter Hicks, Jeffrey B.
Institut for Analytische Chemie Geomatrix Consultants
Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz USA
Universitatsplatz 1, A-8010 Graz Hindmarsh, J.T.
Austria Division of Biochemistry
Gomez-Mufioz, Aristides Ottawa General Hopital
CINVESTAV-IPN Ottawa, Ontario
AV. Instituto Politecnico Nacional Canada K1H8L6
2508. San Pedro Zacatenco Hoet, Perine
D.F.C.P. 07300 Industrial Toxicol. & Occupational Medicine Unit
Mexico Catholic University of Louvain
Gotzl, Miloslav Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, BTE 30.54
Department of Oncology B-1200 Brussels
District Hospital of Bohnice ;ium
Slovak Republic Holson, Joseph F.
Grime, Geoffrey WIL Research Laboratories, Inc.
Department of Nuclear Physics 1407 George Road
Oxford University Ashland, OH 44805
Oxford USA
UK Hopenhayn-Rich, Claudia
Grissom, R.E. Dept. Preventive Medicine and Environ. Health
Division of Health Assessment and Consultation University of Kentucky
1600 Clifton Road N.E., ATSDR 1141 Red Mile Rd.,Ste. 201
Atlanta, GA 30333 Lexington, KY 40502
USA USA
Haque, Reina Hsu, Lin-I
School of Public Health National Taiwan University
University of California, 140 Warren Hall Taipei
Berkeley, CA 94720-7360 Taiwan
USA Hsueh, Yu-Mei
Haufroid, Vincent National Taiwan University
Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Taipei
Unit, Catholic University of Louvain Taiwan
Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30 - BTE 30.54 Hu,Yu
B-1200 Brussels Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine
Belgium New York University School of Medicine
Healy, Sheila M. 57 Old Forge Road
Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology Tuxedo, NY 10987
Life Sciences South Bldg. USA
List of Contributors
Irgolic, Kurt J. Lewis, Denise Riedel
Institut for Analytische Chemie Epidemiology and Biomarkers Branch/HSD
Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz MD-58A, NHEERUUS EPA
A-8010 Graz, Universitatsplatz 1 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Austria USA
Kabir, Saiful Li, F.J.
Dhaka Community Hospital School of Public Health, China Medical University
Dhaka Shenyang 110001
Bangladesh China
Kavanagh, Peter, Lison, Dominique
Centre for Environmental. Technology Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Med. Unit
Royal School of Mines, Imperial College Catholic University of Louvain
of Science, Technology and Medicine Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30 - BTE 30.54
Prince Consort Road B-1200 Brussels
London SW72BP Belgium
UK Luster, Michael I.
Knobeloch, Lynda Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Wisconsin Bureau of Public Health National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health
P.O. Box 2659 1095 WiUowdale Road
Madison, WI53701 Morgantown, WV 26505-2888
USA USA
Kosnett, Michael J. Ma, Heng Z.
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Institute of Endemic Disease for Prevention and
q/o 1630 Welton St., Suite 300 Treatment in Inner Mongolia
Denver, CO 80202 Huhhot, Inner Mongolia
USA China 010020
Kuehnelt, Doris Ma, Mingsheng
Institut for Analytische Chemie Department of Public Health Science
Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz 13-103 CSB, University of Alberta
A-8010 Graz, Universitatsplatz 1 Edmonton, AB
Austria Canada T6G 2G3
Kuo, Tsung-Li Mandal, Badal K.
Department of Forensic Medicine School of Environmental Studies
College of Medicine Jadavpur University
National Taiwan University Calcutta 700032
Taipei 10018 India
Taiwan Maria Del Razo, Luz
Lai, Vivian W.-M. Section of Environmental Toxicology
Department of Chemistry Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
University of British Columbia CINVESTAV-IPN, PO. Box 14-740
2036 Main MaU Mexico City
Vancouver BC Mexico
Canada V6T1Z1 Mazumder, D.N. Guha
Le, X. Chris Department of Gastroenterology
Department of Public Health Science, Inst. Post Graduate Medical Education & Research
Faculty of Medicine 244 Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Rd
13-103 CSB, University of Alberta Calcutta, 700020
Edmonton, AB India
Canada T6G 2G3 Meacher, O.M.
Lee, Chyi Chia R. Department of Community and Environmental
First Department of Pathology Medicine, University of California-Irvine,
Osaka City University Medical School Irvine, CA 92696-1825
Osaka 545-8585 USA
Japan Menzel, O.B.
Leininger, Joel Dept. of Community and Environmental Medicine
Nat. Institute of Environmental Health Sciences University of California-Irvine,
Research Triangle Park, NC Irvine, CA 92696-1825
USA USA
List of Contributors
Moore, Lee Powell, Jonathan
School of PubUc Health Department of Gastroenterology
University of California St. Thomas' Hospital
Berkeley, CA 94720-7360 London
USA UK
Moore, Michael R. Pradipasen, M.
Nat. Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology Faculty of Public Health
The University, of Queensland Mahidol University
39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains Bangkok 10400
P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108 Thailand
Brisbane 4108 Qi, Lixia
Australia Nat. Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology
Morales, Knashawn H. The University, of Queensland
Department of Biostatistics 39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains
Harvard School of Public Health P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108
655 Huntington Avenue Brisbane
Boston, MA 02115 Australia
USA Quamruzzaman, Quazi
Mumford, Judy L. Dhaka Commuruty Hospital
NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1089 Malibagh Chowdhury para
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Dhaka
USA Bangladesh
Na, Yifei Radabaugh, Timothy R.
First Department of Pathology Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology
Osaka City University Medical School Life Sciences South Bldg.
1-4-54 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku University of Arizona
Osaka 545-8585 P.O. Box 210106
Japan Tucson, AZ 85721-0106
Ng,JackC. USA
Nat. Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology Rahman, Mahmuder Rahman
The University, of Queensland Dhaka Commuruty Hospital
39 Kessels Rd. 1089 Malibagh Chowdhury para
Coopers Plains Dhaka
Queensland 4108 Bangladesh
Australia Rames, Jiri
Okoji, Russel S. Institute of Hygiene & Epidemiology
Center for Occupational & Environmental Health Charles University of Prague
University of California, Los Angeles CZ128 00Praha2
10833 LeConte Ave. Studnickova 7
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1772 Czech Republic
USA Rossman, Toby G.
Peralta, Cecilia Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine
Dept Preventive Med. and Environmental Health NYU Medical Center
University of Kentucky 57 Old Forge Road
1141 Red Mile Rd., Ste. 201 Tuxedo, NY 10987
Lexington, KY 40502 USA
USA Rott, Ulrich
Peraza, Marjorie A Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Solid Waste Management
College of Pharmacy, COP 228 University of Stuttgart
University of Arizona, P.O. Box 21-0207 Bandtale 1
Tucson, AZ 85721 70569 Shittgart
USA Germany
Powell, LaTanya A. Roy Chowdhury, Taiit
Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology School of Environmental Studies
University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210106 Jadavpur University
Tucson, AZ 85721-0106 Calcutta 700032
USA India
List of Contributors
Roy, Shibtosh Ruston, LA 71270
Dhaka Community Hospital USA
1089 Malibagh Chowdhury para Siripitayakunkit, Unchalee
Dhaka Division of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health
Bangladesh Thiwanon Rd., Muang District
Roy, Sibtosh Nonthaburi 11000
School of Environmental Studies Thailand
Jadavpur University Smith, Allan
Calcutta 700032 School of Public Health
India University of California
Roy, B.K. 140 Warren HaU
Inst, of Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. Berkeley, CA 94720-7360
Calcutta USA
India Snow, Elizabeth T.
Ryan, Louise Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine,
Department of Biostatistics New York University School of Medicine,
Harvard School of Public Health and Dana Farber 57 Old Forge Road,
Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street Tuxedo, NY 10987
Boston, MA 02115 USA
USA St. John, Margaret K.
Saha, J. University of Nebraska Medical Center
Inst, of Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. Pathology/Microbiology Dept., 600 South 42nd St.
Calcutta Omaha, NE 68198-3135
India USA
Samanta, Gautam Steinmaus, Craig
School of Environmental Studies School of Public Health
Jadavpur University University of California, 140 Warren Hall
Calcutta 700032 Berkeley, CA 94720-7360
India USA
Sancha, Ana Maria Styblo, Miroslav
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Chile, Blanco Encalada 2120 University of North Carolina CB# 8180
Santiago Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Chile USA
Santra, A. Sun, Gui Fan
Inst, of Post Graduate Medical Education and Res. School of Public Health
Calcutta China Medical University
India Shenyang 110001
Schoof, Rosalind A. China
Exponent, Inc. Sun, Tian Z.
15375 SE 30th Place, Institute of Endemic Disease for Prevention and
BeUevue,WA 98007 Treatment in Inner Mongolia
USA Huhhot, Inner Mongolia
Scialli, Anthony R. China 010020
Georgetown University Medical Center Susten, A.S.
3800 Reservoir Road NW Division of Health Assessment and Consultation
Washington, DC 20007 1600 Clifton Road N.E., ATSDR
USA Atlanta, GA 30333
Seawright, Alan A. USA
Nat. Research Centre for Environ. Toxicology Thomas, David J.
The University, of Queensland Pharmacokinetics Branch
39 Kessels Rd., Coopers Plains Experimental Toxicology Division
P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108 NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Brisbane Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Australia USA
Shipp, Annette M. Thornton, Iain
KS Crump Group Imperial College of Science,
ICF Kaiser International, 602 E. Georgia Ave. Technology and Medicine