Arsenic detection project: electronics

101 Pages·2016·1.41 MB·English

Santa Clara University
Scholar Commons
Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses Engineering Senior Theses
6-2-2014
Arsenic detection project: electronics
Anthony Clemetson
Santa Clara University
John Barth
Santa Clara University
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Recommended Citation
Clemetson, Anthony and Barth, John, "Arsenic detection project: electronics" (2014).Interdisciplinary Design Senior Theses. 5.
https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/idp_senior/5
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ArsenicDetectionProject:Electronics AnthonyClemetsonJohnBarth DepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineeringDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringSantaClaraUniversityJune2,2014 ABSTRACT Thisprojectisacollaborationwithateamofbioengineerstoadaptthefunctionalityoflaboratorequipmentontoaplatformwhichcouldbeusedinthefieldtodeterminetheconcentrationleveloftoxinsingroundwater.Tothisend,usingasetofprintedelectrodes,adevicewasdesigneandfabricatedwiththeconstraintsoffielduseinmind:lowpower,lowcost,withamobileuseinterface.AnAndroidphoneservedasthemobileuserinterface,andalsoasthepowersupplyforthcircuitandmicrocontrollerthatperformedthetest.Thiscircuitappliedastimulusvoltageacrossthelectrodesandgeneratedanoutputsignalusingannodicstrippingvoltammetry.Themicrocontrollebothgeneratedthatstimulussignal,andinterpretedtheoutputsignalfortransmissiontothemobilphonewheretheusertheninterpretedthedata.Testingshowedthat,inadditiontorunningtheexpectedtestforarsenic,thedevicewasabltocommunicatethoseresultstothemobilephone.Subsequentvisualinspectionoftheseresultconfirmedthatcontrolandcontaminatedsamplescouldbecorrectlyidentifiedfromthephone.
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TableofContent Introduction1.1ExecutiveSummary..........1.1.1CoreProblem..........1.1.2Solution.............1.1.3Benefit..............1.2PreviousWork.............1.2.1SensorDevelopment......1.2.2ElectronicsDevelopment....1.3TargetSpecifications..........1.4Budget..................1.4.1ProductBudget........1.4.2Time...............1.5RiskAnalysis.............. SystemOverview2.1GeneralOverview............2.2CollaborationDiagrams........2.3Electrodes................2.3.1Research.............2.3.2MaterialsandProduction...2.4AnalogCircuit.............2.4.1VoltageStimulus........2.4.2SignalConditioning......2.5Microcontroller.............2.5.1InputSignal...........2.5.2Analog-to-DigitalConversion.2.5.3USBCommunicationInterface2.6MobilePhoneApplication.......2.6.1UserInterface..........2.7ComponentStateCharts........2.7.1MicrocontrollerStateChart..2.7.2MobliePhoneApplicationStat2.8HardwareDiagrams..........2.8.1Pulse-WidthModulationFilter2.8.2Potentiostat...........2.8.3Trans-ImpedanceAmplifier..2.8.4OutputFilter.......... Elaboration3.1Requirements..............3.1.1FunctionalRequirements...3.1.2Non-FunctionalRequirements.
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3.2DesignRationale.........3.3TechnologiesUsed........3.4UseCases.............3.4.1UseCase1:UsingDevice3.4.2UseCase2:InstallthePh3.5TestPlan.............3.5.1AnalogCircuitTesting..3.5.2MSPTesting.......3.5.3AndroidTesting.....3.5.4ArsenicDetectionTesting3.5.5ProductTesting..... Construction4.1TestCases.............4.1.1MSP430TestCases...4.1.2AndroidApplicationTest4.1.3AnalogCircuitTestCases4.1.4PrintedCircuitBoard..4.2Results...............4.2.1MSPResults.......4.2.2IntegratedCircuitResults4.2.3IntegratedSystemResults Delivery5.1StakeholderNeeds........5.1.1Functional.........5.1.2Economic.........5.1.3Technical.........5.1.4Societal..........5.2ProductEthics..........5.2.1EthicalJustification:...5.2.2SocialObligations:....5.2.3DevelopmentObligations:5.2.4TeamObligations.....5.3AestheticImplicationsandtheIm5.4FutureWork...........5.5Experiences............ eferences ppendices OperationalAmplifiers AndroidCodeB.1MainActivity.java.........B.2ActionActivity.java........B.3AnalysisActivity.java.......B.4Graph.java............
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tofFigures GanttChart................. Inter-componentCollaborationDiagram.ArsenicDetectingElectrodes.......VoltageStimulus..............ExpectedOutputsforDifferentArsenicCComponentStateChartfortheMCU..ComponentStateChartforMobilePhoneAnalogCircuitSchematic......... PrintedCircuitBoardDesign.......TestResultsComparison,ArsenicvsNitriScreenshotsofAndroidApplication.... vii
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tofTables AProjectSummary.....AnItemizedBudget.....RiskAnalysisandMitigation ASummaryofProjectComp FunctionalRequirements...Non-FunctionalRequirementsMicrocontrollerSpecifications ComparisonsofOpamps...
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Chapter1 Introduction 1.1ExecutiveSummary ProblemArseniccontaminationofgroundwaterpreventsaccesstocleanwaterinthedevelopingworldProposedsolutionDesignacheap,easytousedevicecapableofdeterminingthesafetyofdrinkingwaterinthefieldBenefitofthissolutionCostwillbemuchlowerthanlaboratorytestingandresultswillbeavail-ableimmediatelyleadingtolowerlevelsofarsenicpoisoningResultSuccessfullytestedandconfirmedthepresenceofarseincinasampleinalabsetting Table1.1:AProjectSummary 1.1.1CoreProblem Accesstocleanwaterisoneofthemostpervasivehealthproblemsindevelopingnations.Reports estimatethatmorethanonebillionpeopleworldwidedonothaveaccesstopotablewaterandthat waterbornediseasescausemorethantwomilliondeathsannually.Thesedeathsarearesultoftoxins orpathogensfoundinthewater.Arsenicisonesuchcontaminantcommonlyfoundingroundwater inSoutheastAsia,Africa,andeventheUnitedStates.Misguidedattemptstoprovidecleanwater accessinthepastresultedinhundredsofwellsthatprovidetheinhabitantswithcontaminated water;thusthepeopletherenowrequireaprocesstodeterminethesafetyofthewatertheywish todrink.Suchaprocessisveryeasyforscientists:aquicktestruninalabwillconfirmthelevel ofarsenicinthewater.Unfortunately,theselabsinvolvesubstantialinvestment—asignificant impedimentinruralpartsofdevelopingnations. 1.1.2Solution Analternativeprocessisnecessarytocountertheissue,onethatwillprovidetheaccuracytodeter- minethelevelsofarsenicwhileatthesametimeremainingcost-effectiveforuseinthedeveloping 1