Aršāma and his World: The Bodleian Letters in Context: Volume III: Aršāma's World

529 Pages·2021·6.261 MB·English

by  Christopher J. Tuplin, John Ma

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OXFORD STUDIES IN ANCIENT DOCUMENTS
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OXFORD STUDIES IN ANCIENT DOCUMENTS
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Aršama and his World
̄
The Bodleian Letters in Context
EDITED BY
CHRISTOPHER J. TUPLIN AND JOHN MA
volume iii
ARŠĀMA’S WORLD
E. ALMAGOR, A. BRESSON, J. HILDER,
J. HYLAND, G. GRANERØD, A. P. KEAVENEY,
A. KUHRT, L. FRIED, J. MA, J. TAVERNIER,
D. J. THOMPSON, C. J. TUPLIN, G. VITTMANN
1
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1
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2019953444
ISBN Pack: 978–0–19–886072–3
Volume 1: 978–0–19–968764–0
Volume 2: 978–0–19–886070–9
Volume 3: 978–0–19–886071–6
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Contents
List of Illustrations and Tables vii
Abbreviations and Conventions viii
List of Contributors xiii
1. Introduction
1.1. Aršāma: Prince and Satrap 3
Christopher J. Tuplin
2. Letters and Administration
2.1. Persian in Official Documents and the Processes of
Multilingual Administration 75
Jan Tavernier
2.2. Masterful Missives: Form and Authority in Aršāma’s Letters 97
Jennifer Hilder
2.3. The Aršāma Corpus through the Lens of Babylonian
Epistolography 110
Michael Jursa
3. Control and Connectivity
3.1. The Persian Empire 123
Amélie Kuhrt
3.2. Frustrated Frondeurs or Loyal Kings’ Men? Nobles at the
Achaemenid Court 136
†Arthur P. Keaveney
3.3. The Royal Road from Herodotus to Xenophon (via Ctesias) 147
Eran Almagor
4. Economics
4.1. Aršāma the Vampire 189
John Ma
4.2. Silverization, Prices, and Tribute in the Achaemenid Empire 209
Alain Bresson
4.3. Aršāma, Egyptian Trade, and the Peloponnesian War 249
John O. Hyland
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vi Contents
5. Egyptian Perspectives
5.1. The Multi-Ethnic World of Achaemenid Egypt 263
Günter Vittmann
5.2. Aramaic Texts and the Achaemenid Administration of Egypt 278
Lisbeth S. Fried
5.3. The Military Environment of Achaemenid Egypt 291
Christopher J. Tuplin
5.4. The Passover and the Temple of YHW: On the Interaction
between the Authorities and the Judaean Community at
Elephantine as Reflected in the Yedanyah Archive 329
Gard Granerød
5.5. The Fall and Rise of the Elephantine Temple 344
Christopher J. Tuplin
5.6. After Aršāma: Persian Echoes in Early Ptolemaic Egypt 373
Dorothy J. Thompson
Bibliography 387
Subject Index 451
Index Nominum 479
Index Locorum 494
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List of Illustrations and Tables
ILLUSTRATIONS
2.1.1. PFAT 261. Persepolis Fortification Archive Project – University
of Chicago. 96
TABLES
2.1.1. Hierarchy in the Ạršāma correspondence 77
2.1.2. Iranian loanwords in the Ạršāma correspondence 78
2.1.3. Iranian loanwords in ADAB 79
2.1.4. Aramaic administrative formulae 87
2.1.5. Names in the Aramaic administrative formulae 89
2.1.6. Egyptian administrative formulae 91
2.1.7. Aramaic–Egyptian administrative formulae 91
2.1.8. Aramaic administrative formulae from Bactria 92
2.1.9. Aramaic–Egyptian–Elamite administrative formulae 93
2.1.10. Aramaic–Egyptian–Elamite administrative formulae in
English translation 93
2.1.11. Language and administration in the Achaemenid empire 96
2.3.1. Persuasion strategies in Babylonian letters from the sixth century 115
4.2.1. The tax in silver on the foreign traders in the customs papyrus of 475 217
4.2.2. The provenance of the Greek coins in the main hoards from
Egypt, c.520–460 222
4.2.3. Coin hoards of the Archaic and Classical periods (up to 330)
east of the Euphrates 240
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Abbreviations and Conventions
ADAB Naveh and Shaked 2012
AL Lemaire 2002b
AO Antiquité Orientales (Musée du Louvre)
ARTA Achaemenid Research on Texts and Archaeology (see www.
achemenet.com)
ARV2 Beazley 1963
ATNS Segal 1983
BE 9 Clay and Hilprecht 1898
BE 10 Clay 1904
BIN 1 Keiser 1917
BM British Museum
CAD Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
Camb. Strassmaier 1890
CG Lozachmeur 2006
CH coin hoards
Dar. Strassmaier 1897
DemNB Lüddeckens 1980–
DNWSI Hoftijzer and Jongeling 1995
DS seals in Kaptan 2002
EE Stolper 1985
EPE Porten 2011
FdX Fouilles de Xanthos
Fort. #### Elamite documents from the Persepolis Fortification archive in the
National Museum of Iran, Tehran, edited by G. G. Cameron, collated
by R. T. Hallock, C. E. Jones, and M. W. Stolper, published in Arfaee
2008a, re-collated by W. F. M. Henkelman
Fort. ####-### Elamite documents from the Persepolis Fortification archive on loan
in the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, edited by
M. W. Stolper
FuB 14 Jakob-Rost and Freydank 1972
GN geographical name
HTC Bresson, Brun, and Varinlioǧlu 2001
IGCH Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards
I.Labraunda Crampa 1969–72
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Abbreviations and Conventions ix
IMT Donbaz and Stolper 1997
KAI Donner & Röllig 1966–9 and 2002
LSJ H. Liddell, R. Scott, and H. Stuart Jones, Greek–English Lexicon
(ninth edition with revised supplement: Oxford, 1996)
ML Meiggs and Lewis 1988
MP Middle Persian
NBC Nies Babylonian Collection
NN Elamite documents from the Persepolis Fortification archive on loan
in the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, edited by
R. T. Hallock, currently being collated and prepared for publication
by W. F. M. Henkelman.
OECT Oxford Editions of Cuneiform Texts
O.Man. ostraca from Ain Manawir (http://www.achemenet.com/fr/tree/?/
sources- textuelles/textes-par-langues-et-ecritures/egyptien-
hieroglyphique-et-demotique/ostraca-d-ayn-manawir#set)
OP Old Persian
PBS 2/1 Clay 1912
PF Elamite documents from the Persepolis Fortification archive in the
National Museum of Iran, Tehran, published by R. T. Hallock (1969)
and collated by W. F. M. Henkelman
PFa Elamite documents from the Persepolis Fortification archive in the
National Museum of Iran, Tehran, published by R. T. Hallock (1978)
and collated by W. F. M. Henkelman
PFA Persepolis Fortification archive
PFAT Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Tablet, for clay tablets on loan in
the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, provisionally edited by
R. A. Bowman, edited and prepared for publication by Annalisa
Azzoni
PFATS Persepolis Fortification Aramaic Tablets Sea
PFATS #* ditto, and indicating that the seal is inscribed
PFATS #s ditto, and indicating that the seal is a stamp seal
PFS Persepolis Fortification Seal
PFS #* ditto, and indicating that the seal is inscribed
PFS #s ditto, and indicating that the seal is a stamp seal
PL Patrologia Latina
PN personal name
PTS Persepolis Treasury Seal, occurring on PT tablets and ‘labels’
QA quart
RO Rhodes and Osborne 2003