ARS 53: General principles of food hygiene -- Code of practice

2012·2.8 MB·English

by  African Organisation for Standardisation (ARSO – ORAN)

The African Organisation
for Standardisation
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ARS 53 (2012) (English): General
principles of food hygiene -- Code of
practice

AFRICAN CD-ARS
STANDARD 53

Second Edition 2012

General principles of food hygiene — Code of practice

Reference No. ARS 53:2012(E)
ICS 67.020

© ARSO 2012
CD-ARS 53:2012

Table of contents

Objectives...............................................................................................................................................vii
1 Scope and application .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Application exceptions ................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 General obligation ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 General and specific hygienic requirements .............................................................................. 2
1.5 Use ............................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................... 2
3 Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Hygiene policy ................................................................................................................................ 8
5 General hygiene provisions for primary production and associated operations ............................ 8
6 Establishment: Design and facilities ............................................................................................. 12
6.1 Location, size, hygienic design and conditions ........................................................................ 12
6.2 Grounds .................................................................................................................................... 14
6.3 Roofs and outside structures ................................................................................................... 15
6.4 Specific requirements in rooms where foodstuffs are prepared, treated or processed ........... 15
6.5 Storage facilities ....................................................................................................................... 21
6.6 Smoke units .............................................................................................................................. 22
6.7 By-products .............................................................................................................................. 22
6.8 Food waste ............................................................................................................................... 22
6.9 Comfort facilities ....................................................................................................................... 22
6.10 Facilities for cleaning and disinfecting portable equipment...................................................... 23
6.11 Temporary/mobile premises and vending machines ............................................................... 23
7 Plant and equipment .................................................................................................................... 24
8 Utilities: Air, water, energy ............................................................................................................ 29
8.1 Water supply ............................................................................................................................ 29
8.2 Drainage and waste disposal ................................................................................................... 30
8.3 Boiler chemicals ....................................................................................................................... 31
8.4 Cleaning ................................................................................................................................... 31
8.5 Personnel hygiene facilities and toilets .................................................................................... 31
8.6 Temperature control ................................................................................................................. 31
8.7 Air quality and ventilation ......................................................................................................... 31
8.8 Compressed air and other gases ............................................................................................. 32
8.9 Lighting ..................................................................................................................................... 32
8.10 Storage ..................................................................................................................................... 32
9 Hygienic operating requirements .................................................................................................. 32
10 Personnel hygiene ........................................................................................................................ 36
11 Control of operation ...................................................................................................................... 42
11.1 Control of food hazards ............................................................................................................ 42
11.2 Key aspects of hygiene control systems .................................................................................. 42
ii © ARSO 2012 — All rights reserved
CD-ARS 53:2012
11.4 Provisions applicable to the wrapping and packaging of foodstuffs ........................................ 44
11.5 Water ........................................................................................................................................ 44
11.6 Management of purchased materials ....................................................................................... 45
11.7 Measures for prevention of cross contamination ..................................................................... 46
11.8 Heat treatment .......................................................................................................................... 47
11.9 Management and supervision .................................................................................................. 47
11.10 Documentation records ............................................................................................................ 47
11.11 Recall procedures .................................................................................................................... 47
12 Food safety ................................................................................................................................... 48
13 Establishment: Maintenance, cleaning and sanitation ................................................................. 52
13.1 Cleaning and sanitizing ............................................................................................................ 52
13.2 Cleaning and sanitizing programmes ....................................................................................... 53
13.3 Pest control systems ................................................................................................................ 53
13.4 Waste management ................................................................................................................. 56
13.5 Monitoring effectiveness........................................................................................................... 56
14 Rework ......................................................................................................................................... 56
15 Transportation, storage and distribution ....................................................................................... 57
16 Zoning ........................................................................................................................................... 60
17 Warehousing ................................................................................................................................ 61
18 Services ........................................................................................................................................ 61
19 Product information and consumer awareness ............................................................................ 65
20 Training ......................................................................................................................................... 66
20.1 Awareness and responsibilities ................................................................................................ 66
20.2 Training programmes ............................................................................................................... 66
20.3 Instruction and supervision ...................................................................................................... 67
20.4 Refresher training ..................................................................................................................... 67
21 Records ........................................................................................................................................ 67
21.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 67
21.2 General requirement ................................................................................................................ 67
21.3 Specific requirements ............................................................................................................... 67
22 Food defence, biovigilance and bioterrorism ............................................................................... 68
Annex A (normative) Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system and guidelines for its
application ............................................................................................................................................. 69
A.1 Preamble .................................................................................................................................. 69
A.2 Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 69
A.3 Principles of the HACCP system .............................................................................................. 70
A.4 Guidelines for the application of the HACCP system ............................................................... 71
A.5 Application ................................................................................................................................ 72
A.6 Training .................................................................................................................................... 75
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 79

© ARSO 2012 — All rights reserved iii
CD-ARS 53:2012

Foreword

The African Organization for Standardization (ARS) is an African intergovernmental organization
made up of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and the Organization of
African Unity (AU). One of the fundamental mandates of ARSO is to develop and harmonize African
Standards (ARS) for the purpose of enhancing Africa’s internal trading capacity, increase Africa’s
product and service competitiveness globally and uplift the welfare of African communities. The work
of preparing African Standards is normally carried out through ARSO technical committees. Each
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right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, regional economic
communities (RECs), governmental and non-governmental organizations, in liaison with ARSO, also
take part in the work.

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The main task of technical committees is to prepare ARSO Standards. Draft ARSO Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
ARSO Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ARSO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This African Standard was prepared by the ARSO Technical Harmonization Committee on Agriculture
and Food Products (ARSO/THC 1).

© African Organisation for Standardisation 2012 — All rights reserved*

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 2012 ARSO — All rights of exploitation reserved worldwide for African Member States’ NSBs.

iv © ARSO 2012 — All rights reserved
CD-ARS 53:2012

Copyright notice

This ARSO document is copyright-protected by ARSO. While the reproduction of this document
by participants in the ARSO standards development process is permitted without prior
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or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written permission from ARSO.

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© African Organisation for Standardisation 2012 — All rights reserved

ARSO Central Secretariat
International House 3rd Floor
P.O. Box 57363 — 00200 City Square
NAIROBI, KENYA

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.arso-oran.org

Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.

© ARSO 2012 — All rights reserved v
CD-ARS 53:2012

Introduction

People have the right to expect the food they eat to be safe and suitable for consumption. Foodborne
illness and foodborne injury are at best unpleasant; at worst, they can be fatal. But there are also
other consequences. Outbreaks of foodborne illness can damage trade and tourism, and lead to loss
of earnings, unemployment and litigation. Food spoilage is wasteful, costly and can adversely affect
trade and consumer confidence.

International food trade and foreign travel are increasing, bringing important social and economic
benefits. But this also makes the spread of illness around the world easier. Eating habits too, have
undergone major change in many countries over the last two decades and new food production,
preparation and distribution techniques have developed to reflect this. Effective hygiene control,
therefore, is vital to avoid the adverse human health and economic consequences of foodborne
illness, foodborne injury, and food spoilage. Everyone, including farmers and growers, manufacturers
and processors, food handlers and consumers, has a responsibility to assure that food is safe and
suitable for consumption.

The principal objective of the general and specific hygiene requirements is to ensure a high level of
consumer protection with regard to food safety. An integrated approach is necessary to ensure food
safety from the place of primary production up to and including placing on the market or export. Every
food business operator along the food chain should ensure that food safety is not compromised.

These General Principles lay a firm foundation for ensuring food hygiene and should be used in
conjunction with each specific code of hygienic practice, where appropriate, and the guidelines on
microbiological criteria. The document follows the food chain from primary production through to final
consumption, highlighting the key hygiene controls at each stage. It recommends a HACCP-based
approach wherever possible to enhance food safety as described in Hazard Analysis and Critical
Control Point (HACCP) System and Guidelines for its Application (Annex A).

Successful implementation of the procedures based on the HACCP principles will require the full
cooperation and commitment of food business employees. To this end, employees should undergo
training. The HACCP system is an instrument to help food business operators attain a higher
standard of food safety. The HACCP system should not be regarded as a method of self-regulation
and should not replace official controls.

The principles should provide sufficient flexibility to be applicable in all situations, including in small
businesses. In particular, it is necessary to recognize that, in certain food businesses, it is not
possible to identify critical control points and that, in some cases, good hygienic practices can replace
the monitoring of critical control points. Similarly, the requirement of establishing ‘critical limits’ does
not imply that it is necessary to fix a numerical limit in every case. In addition, the requirement of
retaining documents needs to be flexible in order to avoid undue burdens for very small businesses.

Flexibility is also appropriate to enable the continued use of traditional methods at any of the stages of
production, processing or distribution of food and in relation to structural requirements for
establishments. Flexibility is particularly important for regions that are subject to special geographical
constraints. However, flexibility should not compromise food hygiene objectives. Moreover, since all
food produced in accordance with the hygiene rules will be in free circulation throughout the continent,
the procedure allowing Member States to exercise flexibility should be fully transparent.

In the preparation of this African Standard, the following documents were consulted extensively:

CAC/RCP 01:1969, Rev. 4:2003, Recommended International Code of Practice — General Principles
of Food Hygiene

Commission Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April
2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs

Assistance derived from these sources is hereby acknowledged.
vi © ARSO 2012 — All rights reserved
CD-ARS 53:2012

Objectives

The general principles of food hygiene:

 identify the essential principles of food hygiene applicable throughout the food chain (including
primary production through to the final consumer), to achieve the goal of ensuring that food is
safe and suitable for human consumption;

 recommend a HACCP-based approach as a means to enhance food safety;

 indicate how to implement those principles; and

 provide a guidance for specific codes which may be needed for — sectors of the food chain;
processes; or commodities; to amplify the hygiene requirements specific to those areas.

Experience has shown that it is necessary to adopt measures aimed at guaranteeing that unsafe food
is not placed on the market and at ensuring that systems exist to identify and respond to food safety
problems in order to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market and to protect human health.

In order to ensure the safety of food, it is necessary to consider all aspects of the food production
chain as a continuum from and including primary production and the production of animal feed up to
and including sale or supply of food to the consumer because each element may have a potential
impact on food safety.

Experience has shown that for this reason it is necessary to consider the production, manufacture,
transport and distribution of feed given to food-producing animals, including the production of animals
which may be used as feed on fish farms, since the inadvertent or deliberate contamination of feed,
and adulteration or fraudulent or other bad practices in relation to it, may give rise to a direct or
indirect impact on food safety.

For the same reason, it is necessary to consider other practices and agricultural inputs at the level of
primary production and their potential effect on the overall safety of food.

This standard was first issued as: ARS 53:1986(E), Recommended general hygienic practice for food.

This current edition represents a technical review to take into account current practices.

© ARSO 2012 — All rights reserved vii