SUBCOURSE EDITION AL0993 5 ARMY AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINES AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINES Subcourse No. AL0993 EDITION 5 US Army Aviation Logistics School Fort Eustis, Virginia Nineteen Credit Hours SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW Fulfilling the Army's need for engines of simple design that are easy to operate and maintain, the gas turbine engine is used in all helicopters of Active Army and Reserve Components, and most of the fixedwing aircraft to include the Light Air Cushioned Vehicle (LACV). We designed this subcourse to teach you theory and principles of the gas turbine engine and some of the basic army aircraft gas turbine engines used in our aircraft today. There are no prerequisites for this subcourse. This subcourse reflects the doctrine which was current at the time it was prepared. In your own work situation, always refer to the latest publications. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION: You will describe the operation of major engine systems and assemblies; describe the testing, inspection, and maintenance of engine systems and assemblies; and recognize various components. CONDITION: Given information about the gas turbine engine, you will work at your own pace in an environment of your own choice, without supervision. STANDARD: To demonstrate competency of this task, you must achieve a minimum of 75% on the subcourse examination. 1 AL0993 LESSON TITLE CREDIT HOURS 1 Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine Engines ......... 2 2 Major Engine Sections ................................ 2 3 Systems and Accessories .............................. 2 4 Testing, Inspection, Maintenance, and Storage Procedures........................................... 2 5 Lycoming T53 ......................................... 2 6 Lycoming T55 ......................................... 2 7 Solar T62 Auxiliary Power Unit ....................... 2 8 Allison T62, Pratt & Whitney T73 and T74, and the General Electric T700 ........................ 2 Examination.................................................... 3 TOTAL 19 LESSON 1 ASSIGNMENT SHEET LESSON 1 .................Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine Engines. CREDIT HOURS .............2. TEXT ASSIGNMENT ..........Reference Text AL0993, paragraphs 1.11.14. MATERIALS REQUIRED .......None. LESSON OBJECTIVE .........To enable you to describe the theory of a gas turbine engine and its principles of operation. *** IMPORTANT NOTICE *** THE PASSING SCORE FOR ALL ACCP MATERIAL IS NOW 70%. PLEASE DISREGARD ALL REFERENCES TO THE 75% REQUIREMENT. 2 AL0993 Weight TrueFalse (Answer A for true or B for false.) 3 1. In cold weather, gas turbine engines take a long time to warm up to operating temperatures. 3 2. The Brayton cycle has the same four basic operations as the Otto cycle, but it performs them simultaneously. 3 3. When air flows through a smaller section of a duct, it increases in velocity and decreases in pressure and temperature. 3 4. The turbojet aircraft is a highspeed, highaltitude one. 3 5. The Army uses both turbojet and gas turbine engines. Cluster TrueFalse (Each of the following groups of questions is related to the statement that precedes them. Write by each question A for true or B for false.) FIRST GROUP Gas turbine engines have advantages and disadvantages. Evaluate the following statements according to the information in your text. 3 6. The powertoweight ratio is 5.60 shp per pound for a typical reciprocating engine but only .67 shp per pound for a gas turbine engine. 3 7. The turbine engine has fewer moving parts than the reciprocating engine. 3 8. Foreign object damage is a major problem for a gas turbine engine. 3 9. A reciprocating engine uses less oil than a gas turbine. 3 10. They cost a great deal more than reciprocating engines. 3 11. They accelerate much faster than reciprocating engines. 3 Weight SECOND GROUP Which of the following statements about the operation of turbine engines are true and which false? 3 12. Army turbine engines are of the freepower design. 3 13. The ignition system in the combustor operates as long as the turbine engine does. 3 14. About 25 percent of the compressed air is used in combustion. 3 15. Shaft horsepower is produced by the power turbine, not by the gas producer. 3 16. Army helicopters have a special problem with thrust and use divergent ducts to overcome it. THIRD GROUP The following five questions refer to the theory of gas turbine engines. Which of them are true and which false? 3 17. A simple turbojet engine has one rotating unit the compressor/turbine assembly. 3 18. In a gas turbine engine, the gas stream energy which remains after the energy for the engine cycle has been extracted drives another turbine. 3 19. In a turbojet engine, 60 percent of the energy is used to develop thrust, and 40 percent is used to maintain the engine cycle. 3 20. A turbojet engine maintains top efficiency at takeoff and at low cruising speed. 3 21. The functions of intake, compression, ignition, combustion, and exhaust all take place at the same time in a gas turbine engine. 4 Weight FOURTH GROUP About turboprop and turboshaft engines, which of questions 22 through 26 are true and which false? 3 22. In Army aircraft, rotational shaft power is produced by the same turbine rotor that drives the compressor. 3 23. They do not eject highvelocity gases to obtain thrust. 3 24. A freepower turbine allows the power output shaft to turn at a constant speed. 3 25. A freepower turbine is linked to the compressor turbine mechanically. 3 26. The power producing capability is variable to take care of different loads on the power shaft. FIFTH GROUP Evaluate the following five questions on illustrating the principle of jet propulsion by a toy balloon. 2 27. If it is inflated and the stem is sealed, the pressure is equal on all internal surfaces. 2 28. If the stem is released, the balloon moves in a direction towards the open end. 2 29. The jet of air coming from the opened end of an inflated balloon pushes against the outside air. 2 30. A convergent nozzle is created when the stem of the balloon is released. 2 31. High internal pressure acting on the skin area opposite the stem is what moves the balloon. 5 Weight Matching In questions 32 through 37, match the statements in column I with the laws or principles of physics in column II by writing the proper letter by each question. Each item in column II may be used once, more than once, or not at all. 6
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