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Army Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines PDF

477 Pages·1994·20.13 MB·English
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SUBCOURSE EDITION AL0993 5 ARMY AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINES AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE ENGINES Subcourse No. AL0993 EDITION 5 US Army Aviation Logistics School Fort Eustis, Virginia Nineteen Credit Hours SUBCOURSE OVERVIEW Fulfilling  the  Army's  need  for  engines  of  simple  design  that  are  easy to  operate  and  maintain,  the  gas  turbine  engine  is  used  in  all helicopters  of  Active  Army  and  Reserve  Components,  and  most  of  the fixed­wing aircraft to include the Light Air Cushioned Vehicle (LACV). We  designed  this  subcourse  to  teach  you  theory  and  principles  of  the gas  turbine  engine  and  some  of  the  basic  army  aircraft  gas  turbine engines used in our aircraft today. There are no prerequisites for this subcourse. This  subcourse  reflects  the  doctrine  which  was  current  at  the  time  it was  prepared.    In  your  own  work  situation,  always  refer  to  the  latest publications. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE ACTION:  You  will  describe  the  operation  of  major  engine  systems  and assemblies;   describe   the   testing,   inspection,   and maintenance   of   engine   systems   and   assemblies;   and recognize various components. CONDITION: Given  information  about  the  gas  turbine  engine,  you will  work  at  your  own  pace  in  an  environment  of  your own choice, without supervision. STANDARD: To  demonstrate  competency  of  this  task,  you  must  achieve  a minimum of 75% on the subcourse examination. 1 AL0993 LESSON TITLE CREDIT HOURS 1 Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine Engines ......... 2 2 Major Engine Sections ................................ 2 3 Systems and Accessories .............................. 2 4 Testing, Inspection, Maintenance, and Storage Procedures........................................... 2 5 Lycoming T53 ......................................... 2 6 Lycoming T55 ......................................... 2 7 Solar T62 Auxiliary Power Unit ....................... 2 8 Allison T62, Pratt & Whitney T73 and T74,  and the General Electric T700 ........................ 2 Examination....................................................       3 TOTAL 19 LESSON 1 ASSIGNMENT SHEET LESSON 1 .................Theory and Principles of Gas Turbine Engines. CREDIT HOURS .............2. TEXT ASSIGNMENT ..........Reference Text AL0993, paragraphs 1.1­1.14. MATERIALS REQUIRED .......None. LESSON OBJECTIVE .........To  enable  you  to  describe  the  theory  of  a gas  turbine  engine  and   its   principles  of operation. *** IMPORTANT NOTICE *** THE PASSING SCORE FOR ALL ACCP MATERIAL IS NOW 70%. PLEASE DISREGARD ALL REFERENCES TO THE 75% REQUIREMENT. 2 AL0993 Weight True­False (Answer A for true or B for false.) 3 1. In  cold  weather,  gas  turbine  engines  take  a  long  time  to warm up to operating temperatures. 3 2. The  Brayton  cycle  has  the  same  four  basic  operations  as the Otto cycle, but it performs them simultaneously. 3 3. When  air  flows  through  a  smaller  section  of  a  duct,  it increases  in  velocity  and  decreases  in  pressure  and temperature. 3 4. The  turbojet  aircraft  is  a  high­speed,   high­altitude one. 3 5. The Army uses both turbojet and gas turbine engines. Cluster True­False (Each  of  the  following  groups  of  questions  is  related  to the   statement   that   precedes   them.     Write   by   each question A for true or B for false.) FIRST GROUP Gas  turbine  engines  have  advantages  and  disadvantages. Evaluate   the   following   statements   according   to   the information in your text. 3 6. The  power­to­weight   ratio  is  5.60  shp  per  pound  for  a typical  reciprocating  engine  but  only  .67  shp  per  pound for a gas turbine engine. 3 7. The  turbine  engine  has  fewer  moving  parts  than  the reciprocating engine. 3 8. Foreign  object  damage  is  a  major  problem  for  a  gas turbine engine. 3 9. A reciprocating engine uses less oil than a gas turbine. 3 10. They cost a great deal more than reciprocating engines. 3 11. They accelerate much faster than reciprocating engines. 3 Weight SECOND GROUP Which  of  the  following  statements  about  the  operation  of turbine engines are true and which false? 3 12. Army turbine engines are of the free­power design. 3 13. The  ignition  system  in  the  combustor  operates  as  long  as the turbine engine does. 3 14. About   25  percent  of  the  compressed  air  is  used  in combustion. 3 15. Shaft  horsepower  is  produced  by  the  power  turbine,  not by the gas producer. 3 16. Army  helicopters  have  a  special  problem  with  thrust  and use divergent ducts to overcome it. THIRD GROUP The  following  five  questions  refer  to  the  theory  of  gas turbine  engines.    Which  of  them  are  true  and  which false? 3 17. A  simple  turbojet  engine  has  one  rotating  unit  ­­   the compressor/turbine assembly. 3 18. In  a  gas  turbine  engine,  the  gas  stream  energy  which remains  after  the  energy  for  the  engine  cycle  has  been extracted drives another turbine. 3 19. In  a  turbojet  engine,  60  percent  of  the  energy  is  used to  develop  thrust,  and  40  percent  is  used  to  maintain the engine cycle. 3 20. A  turbojet  engine  maintains  top  efficiency  at  takeoff and at low cruising speed. 3 21. The   functions   of   intake,   compression,   ignition, combustion,  and  exhaust  all  take  place  at  the  same  time in a gas turbine engine. 4 Weight FOURTH GROUP About   turboprop   and   turboshaft   engines,   which   of questions 22 through 26 are true and which false? 3 22. In  Army  aircraft,  rotational  shaft  power  is  produced  by the same turbine rotor that drives the compressor. 3 23. They do not eject high­velocity gases to obtain thrust. 3 24. A  free­power   turbine  allows  the  power  output  shaft  to turn at a constant speed. 3 25. A  free­power   turbine  is  linked  to  the  compressor  turbine mechanically. 3 26. The  power  producing  capability  is  variable  to  take  care of different loads on the power shaft. FIFTH GROUP Evaluate  the  following  five  questions  on  illustrating the principle of jet propulsion by a toy balloon. 2 27. If  it  is  inflated  and  the  stem  is  sealed,  the  pressure is equal on all internal surfaces. 2 28. If   the   stem   is   released,   the   balloon   moves   in   a direction towards the open end. 2 29. The  jet  of  air  coming  from  the  opened  end  of  an  inflated balloon pushes against the outside air. 2 30. A  convergent  nozzle  is  created  when  the  stem  of  the balloon is released. 2 31. High  internal  pressure  acting  on  the  skin  area  opposite the stem is what moves the balloon. 5 Weight Matching In  questions  32  through  37,  match  the  statements  in column  I  with  the  laws  or  principles  of  physics  in column  II  by  writing  the  proper  letter  by  each  question. Each  item  in  column  II  may  be  used  once,  more  than  once, or not at all. 6

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Fulfilling the Army's need for engines of simple design that are easy to operate and maintain, the gas turbine engine is used in all helicopters of Active Army and Reserve Components, and most of the fixedwing aircraft to include the Light Air Cushioned Vehicle (LACV). We designed this subcourse to
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.