Arms and the University: Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-Military Students PDF
Preview Arms and the University: Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-Military Students
ArmsandtheUniversity MilitaryPresenceandtheCivicEducation ofNon-militaryStudents Alienation between the U.S. military and society has grown in recent decades. Such alienation is unhealthy, as it threatens both sufficient civiliancontrolofthemilitaryandthelong-standingidealofthe“citizen- soldier.”Nowhereisthisissuemorepredominantthanatmanymajor universities,whichbeganturningtheirbacksonthemilitaryduringthe chaotic years of the Vietnam War. Arms and the University probes variousdimensionsofthisalienation,aswellasrecenteffortstorestore a closer relationship between the military and the university. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, Donald Alexander Downs and Ilia Murtazashvilishowhowamilitarypresenceoncampusintheformof theReserveOfficers’TrainingCorps(ROTC)(includingacasestudyof ROTC’sreturntoColumbiaandHarvarduniversities),militaryhistory, andnationalsecuritystudiescanenhancethecivicandliberaleducation of non-military students, and in the process help to bridge the civil– militarygap. DonaldAlexanderDownsisAlexanderMeiklejohnProfessorofPolitical Science,Law,andJournalismattheUniversityofWisconsin,Madison. Heistheauthoroffivebooks:NazisinSkokie:Freedom,Community, andtheFirstAmendment;TheNewPoliticsofPornography;MoreThan Victims:BatteredWomen,theSyndromeSociety,andtheLaw;Cornell ’69:LiberalismandtheCrisisoftheAmericanUniversity;andRestoring FreeSpeechandLibertyonCampus.Heistheco-founderanddirector of the Wisconsin Center for the Study of Liberal Democracy at the University of Wisconsin and a frequent contributor to local, state, national,andinternationalmedia. IliaMurtazashviliisAssistantProfessorattheGraduateSchoolofPublic andInternationalAffairsattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Heearnedhis Ph.D. in political science from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and his research interests include institutional design and political economy. Arms and the University Military Presence and the Civic Education of Non-military Students DONALD ALEXANDER DOWNS UniversityofWisconsin,Madison ILIA MURTAZASHVILI UniversityofPittsburgh cambridge university press Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,SãoPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny100132473,usa www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521156707 ©DonaldAlexanderDownsandIliaMurtazashvili2012 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2012 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData Downs,DonaldAlexander. Armsandtheuniversity:militarypresenceandtheciviceducationofnonmilitary students/DonaldAlexanderDowns,IliaMurtazashvili. p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn9780521192323(hardback) isbn9780521156707(paperback) 1. UnitedStates.Army.ReserveOfficers’TrainingCorps. 2. Education,Humanistic UnitedStates. 3. Soldiers Education(Higher) UnitedStates. 4. Civil militaryrelations UnitedStates. 5. UnitedStates.Army Recruiting,enlistment,etc. I. Murtazashvili,Ilia,1975 II. Title. u428.5.d68 2012 355.20232071173 dc23 2011032229 isbn9780521192323Hardback isbn9780521156707Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor accuracyofurlsforexternalorthirdpartyInternetwebsitesreferredto inthispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. ToJen,Leo,Zoe,Susan,Jacqueline,andAlexander;andtothestudent cadetsandveteranswhohavestrivensoablyandhonorablytofosterthe citizen-soldieridealandtobridgethegapbetweenthemilitary,the university,andsociety [Lincoln] expressed the new idea in the Gettysburg Address.... He addressed Tocqueville’s worry about the longevity of liberal democratic governments....ButtheCivilWarraisedthequestionofwhethersucha governmentcouldsurvive,“testing whether that nation or any nation so conceivedanddedicatedcanendure”... Butwhatgaveforcetothisargumentwastheoccasionandsettingofhis speech. Hedeliveredhis remarksat abattlefieldcemetery, dedicatingthe site.Hisspeechwasaboutdeath....Hesaidnothingtosuggestthatdeath wasgood....Hedidnotthink,asQutbdid,thatmartyrsgoonlivingin some respect, and that death is a garden of delights. He did not find brotherhood in death – did not see his highest aspirations realized in a field of the dead, as the totalitarians of the twentieth century have done, andarestilldoing.... But neither did he avert his eyes from death. He spoke about death as “the last full measure of devotion,” which Union soldiers had given.... Deathwasnottheirgoal;butdeathwasthemeasureoftheircommitment. “Fromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotion,”hesaid.Hewas explaining that a liberal society must be, when challenged, a warlike society;oritwillnotendure. PaulBerman1 1 PaulBerman,TerrorandLiberalism(Norton,2003),pp.169 70. Contents ListofTables pageix Acknowledgments xi part i. a normative and pedagogical framework 1 Introduction:TheClosingoftheUniversityMind:The Military–UniversityGapandtheProblemofCivicand LiberalEducation 3 2 EducationintheRegime:HowaMilitaryPresenceCan EnhanceCivicandLiberalEducation 40 part ii. rotc and the university 3 ROTCandtheUniversity:AnIntroduction 77 4 ROTCandtheIvies:BeforetheStorm 103 5 ROTCandtheIvies:TheDivorce 131 6 ROTC,Columbia,andtheIvyLeague:SisyphusRenews HisQuesttoRenewaTroubledRelationship 161 7 Post-DADT:SisyphusAscendstheMountain 198 8 PedagogyandMilitaryPresence:TheEducationalInfluence ofStudent-SoldiersinTheirOwnWords 226 9 WinningHeartsandMinds?TheConsequencesofMilitary PresenceforNon-militaryStudents 256 part iii. military history examined 10 MilitaryHistory:AnEndangeredorProtectedSpecies? 283 11 HalfEmptyorHalfFull:MilitaryHistorians’Perspectives ontheStatusofMilitaryHistoryattheLeading Departments 320 vii viii Contents 12 MilitaryPresenceinSecurityStudies:PoliticalRealism (Re)Considered 356 13 SecurityStudiesintheWakeoftheColdWarUniversity: ParagonsofProductiveFriction,orThrowingtheBabyout withtheBathwater? 381 part iv. concluding thoughts 14 Conclusion:PlacingtheMilitaryintheUniversity 411 Index 425 Tables 8.1 Cadets’ReasonsforJoiningROTC page235 8.2 Cadets’ViewsontheImportanceofROTCtothe MilitaryandUniversity 237 8.3 NegativeExperiencesofCadets 242 8.4 PositiveExperiencesofCadets 246 8.5 Cadets’PerceptionsofBenefitsofROTConCampus 248 8.6 Cadets’Self-DescribedImpactonCampus 249 8.7 InfluenceofNon-ROTCStudentsintheROTC Classroom 253 9.1 StudentInteractionswithROTC 258 10.1 MilitaryHistoryandNationalSecurityinHistory Departments:AFirstTake 308 10.2 TraditionalandNewMilitaryHistoryinHistory Departments 311 10.3 TraditionalandNewMilitaryHistoryinPoliticalScience Departments 317 11.1 FacultyinVariousMilitaryHistoryOrbits 325 11.2 CoursesinVariousMilitaryHistoryOrbits 328 13.1 OrientationofSecurityStudiesDepartments 385 ix
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