Biological Report 90 (22) December 1991 Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish lnstream Flow Information Paper 27 Riverine and Wetland Ecosystems Branch Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior Biological Report sih Tnoitacil bsuepires fo eht hsiF dna efildli Wecivr esSesirpm osctroper no eht stluser fo ,hcsrtaneesmeproleved ni lacigo lsoyceevrus dn aseirotnevni fo stceffe fo esu-dn aslegnahc no yrehsif dna efil.dsleicwruoser technology, and yehT edulcni sgnideecorp fo ,spohskrow lacinhce t,secnerefnoc ro ;aisopmys dna eviter.psreeithnpiargoilbib may seipoC fo siht noitacilbup yam eb deniatbo morf eht snoitacilbuP ,tinU .S.U hsiF dnaefildliW potS liaM ,.W.N ,teertS C 9481 ,ecivreS 130-ARLSQ, desahcrup eb yam ro ,04202 CD ,notgnihsaW morf eht lanoitaN lacinhceT noitamrofnI ecivreS ,)SITN( 5825 troP layoR ,daoR ,dleifgnirpSAV 22161. NSSI 0895- 6291 This publication may be cited as: 1991 .L lraC ,ruomrA . Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish. U.S. hsiF Wildl. .vreS , Biol. Rep. 90(22). 13 pp. Contents Page Prefac e ........................................................... v .stl uescenRar eelrouTtare plmaetTnemi rn eo:pi1xtEpO .................... 2 t odnluo htSa h)TTAW Me(rutarepm eeTgare vyAlke emWumixaM dedeecxE eb d ................................................... .erutarep mleaTviv r)uM STmSu(mi xmarMet-trohS ..................... em ieTrusop x n Efayotilaht e fLnooitamitsE ........................... .erutarep meerTuso p rnxeoaE mfliaTvivruS ........................... sega teSf iyL erK oefmig eeRrutarepm edTetalum i faSyotilibati u :Sn2oitpO ... egakco lnBoitarg igMninwa p faSsotcef f fEnooitamitsE ................. em ieTcnegre mfnEooitamitsE ...................................... .doi rleaPc ie tt z daihianrtSaCw oh rseGilFin e nvfouoiJtamitsE ........... noitpO :3 noitalupoP scitsitatS dna detciderP sesnopseRot detalumiS erutarepmeT s ........................................... 10 g.neicdnualdcinuoGC ............................................... 11 tnemgdelwonkcA s .................................................. 13 Reference s ........................................................ 13 . . . 111 Biological Report 90 (22) rebmec1e9D91 Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish Instream Flow Information Paper 28 BY lraC .LruomrA .S.U Fish and Wildlife Service National Ecology Research Center 4512 McMurray Avenue Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 .S.U tnemtrapeD fo ehtroiretnI hsiF d neafielcdilvirWeS ,notgnihsaW .C.D04202 Preface ,eda h,swo lgfnidulc nsirotc alfarev eydsbetcef fe arraet agwniwo lfsfoemig eerrutarepmeT lennahc .ygolohprom and smnaoeirtta Srteath lt eaergu ntsaaehrmceipgmeer tdna tceffa hsif nac e btluciffi do t.etaul asvi ehtTnemuc oldliwdia stsigoloib ni gni zeyrluatnaare psmeemtiger dna gni ryalpl ea srcenpilonbihitcsaendtenfeemdm orcoefr hsif.noitcetorp sihT troper sedulcni na noitanalpxe fo cisab erutarepmet ecnarelot snoitaler sulp eerht snoitpo rofgnipoleved syel lps , p penno i kaliot e chtopamn hlgngnomtliotl nihuenarata.eirsomixesshrpihuhepntpftccosloiAdtadnemmocer .seiceps Guidance for Evaluating and Recommending Temperature Regimes to Protect Fish by lraC .LruomrA .S.U Fish and Wildlife Service National Ecology Research Center 4512 McMurray Avenue Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 Abstract. serudecorP era detneserp rof gnita uelrauvtearepmetemiger s rof .hsif hguohtlAselpmaxe nnkoi oma goltonnartiiserhppcs suhcnyhrocnO( ,)ahcstywahst .seic erpe s hyotlt opspealpicn i erhpt spih seencro nuicattiraaserlaleeBoprtmet r odfebircs ee drsanoit peoer hd tndaenialp xe erhas irfof gnirapmoc evitanretla erutarepmetsemiger . ehT snoitpo era ot esab snosirapmoc nolatnemirepxe erutarepme tecnarelot ,stluser ytilibatius fo a detalumi serutarepmet emiger rof yek efil ,segatsro noitalu psocpitsitats dna detcider psesnopser ot detal.usmeirsutarepmet eK y .sem iegreurtare pemveittanr e,telrautare prm ee,ttnaow mkloaosnihC words: retaW erutarepmet si eno fo eht tsom tnatropmi-norivne retaw seiceps nac ecudorper dna evivrusserutarepmet o l gasntrinot etchmcesafifff ayrF (,7n6 o9;s11n7i9h1ctuH rehgi hnaht03 C . Piperet al . ( )2891 detroper tahtretawdloc o .)6791 roF ,elpmaxe erutarepmet semiger ecneulfni-argim seiceps yllareneg nwaps ni serutarepmet woleb8.21 ,C ,noit gge ,noitarutam ,gninwaps noitabucni ,sseccus,htworg retawlooc seiceps ni serutarepmet neewteb4.4 o Cdna -retni cd inefaviicte ip,tsyeatprimtloniciba dnaecnatsiser 6.51 o C, dna mraw retaw seiceps evoba6.51 o .C sihT-rofni ot ,setisarap ,sesaesid dna .stnatullop A rojammelborp noitam setartsnomed a deen rof gnitaulaveerutarepmet gnirednih esice rgpnidnatsrednu fo erutarepmet stceffesi stnem erroif u sqhee cirs ateeeii slceuaerarpacesenbeogot -l u hmesicisnfeu lsyfranom itlcaatfnemnor i yvtnnaaehmt .esicerpmi ylsuoenat .giF( .)1 ,eromrehtruF emos srotcafnoitcnuf eerhT snoitpo rof gnipoleved erutarepmet semigerot ecfnoe u sl ekfyhsnltaitmneuqe sh nc,oiychlwlacitsigrenys tcet ohrspif deerba i,recr s eyedhldeisraabm inrop-irepxe laudividni.snoitaler semi gyfetorilibat i,usstlu seecrnare leortutarep mleattnem nehW lareneg erutarepmet stnemeriuqer era-disnoc rof yek efil ,segats d nn aosictiatlsuiptoa ptdsnadetciderp ,dere hsif nac eb depuorg otni ,retawdloc ,retawloocro sesnopser ot detalumis.serutarepmet re tsaewimrroag weetlabcaT( .)1 nosnakoH dnaregniseiB snoitad ndeemvmiorceedR morf eseht snoitpo yameb dehsilbupnu( )troper detroper eht tsehgih naemylkeew deilppa ot smaerts taht era ro lliw eb detceffa yblennahc serutarepmet ni eht .dleif roF %59 fo eht atad ,steseht ,snoi t,ascniofiisdro emrviiodvres e,rsesaeler rogniniojda tseh geighareva naem syelrkueteawre prmo,efrtetawdloc hcihw fo lla ,lavomer noitategev sa hcus secitcarp esu-dnal ,retawlooc dna retawmraw seiceps erewyletamixorppa o o o niatrep selpmaxe hguohtlA .semiger erutarepmet retla yam 22 ,C92 ,C dna03 .yle v ,ieCth cTselpesveerl fo-cus ssec dna htlaeh fo eht hsif erew t,odnetnemuc oodseno ot gnir pksoonihcomlas n (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), eht selpicnirp ylppa ot rehto hsif .seicepsnoitamrofnI cannot assume that the temperatures represent each o detneserp ereh nac eb desu ni noitcnujnoc htiwerutarepmet s’yrogetac reppu stimil rof .sseccus roF ,elpmaxe22 C dluow eb deredi senvoicssecxe rof noitcudorper dna-orp seiduts debircsedi n Instream Flow Information Paper 13 degnol sseccus fo .sdinom l,ayslesrevnoCiatrec n warm- wolohtraB(.)9891 1 2 B IOLOGICA L R TROPE 09)22( Genetic adaptatio n pH (geographic variation) \ doirepotohP Fig. 1. s eel mp somfr Saootxtaech atn-fauclfni - eerrutarepm eohtts ifefosnops ee rhetcne - lanosaeS mdoer ifnf oisiditoamm r .oesfhenTmiig nosnihctuH.)6791( \ \ eelgcaytcs-efiL Diet Parasites and diseases erutarepmeT secnarelot nac ebeyalpsid d lanogylo pani fo noitamilcca gniwollof erutarepmet noitamilcca nevig a nrettap .giF( )2 gnitacidni gnidaol level dna gnitibihnilevel .erutarepmet senoz .giF( .)3 snoitinifeD fo smret detaicossa htiweht Line of equality (LE). eniL ta a54 o elgna ot eht-met snogylop.wollof n oei rtgu ant ymiastitriilnexlcepaacsuaeqr epfeor-ilcca noitam dna esnopser.serutarepmet Acclimation temperature. erutarepmeT ni eht-relot Final preferendum (FP). lautnevE eciohc fo-arepmet rof ot desopxe yllatnemirepxe era hsif tset taht enoz ecna erut e neovzitcepserr ifo noitam.iylrcoctasih larev essya derofeb aecnar.etlsoett Upper incipient lethal temperature (UILT). The up- Option 1: Experimental Temperature rep erutarepmet taht %05 ytilatrom si devresbo rofa nevig noitamilcca .erutarepmet ehT TLIUsesaercni Tolerance Results htiw noitamilcca serutarepmet ot a tniop tahtrehgih noi tsaemriultcacraepme tevah on.tceffe latnemirepxE erutarepmet stluser rof a seiceps elbaT()2 Lower incipient lethal temperature (LILT). The nac eb desu ht i dsw)eedtreautltcuaimrdiee sprrmpoe(fta erreuwtoalr etpamhett % 0y5tilatro msi devresb orofa wen emiger ot etaulave elbissop .stceffe fI siht noitposi nevig noitamilcca.erutarepmet ,detnemelpm i,revewoh noituac si yrassecen esuaceb-xe Upper ultimate incipient lethal temperature s t l -ln addua,teusc sntle ereccryrbomenbetifihcrftaeaofp (UUILT). ecnare lh oc etitrhauwtarep mtesteh geihhT yrt s ,i. rhmx,d eteennytg hso aa an,csgdhweeanslzeiiisfs seod ton esaercni hti wgn insoaietracmn-iialrcecpamet tnatuoC( 1970), ro yb ,esaesid citeneg ,noitairav dnaeht .serut nO a ,nogylop siht erutarepmet si tnatsnocdna efil elcyc egats .giF( .)1 roF emos seicepserutarepmet lellarap ot eht noitami lecrcuatarepmet.sixa stnemeriuqer fo selinevuj dna stluda yrav.ylbaredisnoc Temperature of instantaneous death (TID). snneo esiet ut hfs aastoiecip-hg rur Tataoeocvrftegflieds erutar eepdmiesTtuo eht ecnarelot enoz ta hcihwhtaed tne tatib.ashepyt si.suoenatnatsni sno ilmta oine rnoesfiirmfthreiTeddtd ani elbaT 2lliw Acute thermal preferendum (AP). laitinI eciohcfo n odt. esiea1nrntshiaoputiOt as r uihoeqssfheaitblbatse Growth optimum (GO). erutarepmeT rednu-nemirepxe elbaT .1 Some examples of fish that can be grouped into lat snoitidnoc ta hcihw htworg ,setar desserpxe sathgiew n i rtale ig ap,r.n fm eoeueeoiemfgrhxfiaataittmls coldwater, coolwater, or warmwater categories. Zero net growth (ZNG). serutarepmeT rednu-irepxe Coldwater retawlooC Warmwater latnem snoitidnoc ta hcihw suoenatnatsni htworgdna ytilatrom setar rof snoitalupop era .lauqe htworGsetar koorBtuort nrehtroN pike Bluegill -nemnor i rvfonoteaci dlnli a d ro eeetnrbvaeodis neorca nworBtuort Sauger nworBdaehllub lat ytilauq dna ylgnimees era eht tsom evitisnesfo koonihCnomlas Walleye lennahChsiftac dyelsr safeliru pc,xisetnroa ipetccnnaumf rsouforierpav ohoCnomlas wolleYhcrep daehtalF hsift ac sa orez ten htworg nehw doof si ton gnitimi lsgnurB(dna niatnuoMhsifetihw drazziGdahs Jon1e9s7 7). kniPnomlas htuomegraLssab wobniaRtuort htuomllamSssab Physiological optimum (PO). erutarepmeT rednu-xe latnemirep snoitid ngoncitamixorppa taht rofmumitpo eyekcoSnomlas ,htworg ,animats traeh ,ecnamrofrep dnaehto r func- EVALUATING AND RECOMMENDING TEMPERATURE R EGIME S 3 UUILT Fig. 2. eercuntaarreelpomteT sesnop sreorf a %01 ytilatrom h.Ths ilfacitehtopyh e area represents dotted FP eht enoz fo lamreht ecnarelot tterB(;0691 tnatuoC ;0791 gnilboJ 891 .)1 PA =etuca ,ytilau qfeo-e n E,i=Lmludnerefe rlpamreht %05 mortality TLIL = rewol tneipicni lahte,lerutarepmet FP , m= uTd LnlIeaUrnUeiff e=rp rep-piutlu etam tneipicni lahteelrutarepmet , TID -=met Rr,T ehZ=w tLosalueodenatn ae trfsuontiarep enoz fo la m,reechntatsise rdna RTZU =-pu rep enoz fo .leacmnraeths tieshseTersnopser LILT nac yrav nihtiw dna neewt esbeicepessuaceb -lualtfnneimn o,rsievcnnee rce ifftfoeindeg ,secne dna rehto ,srotcaf gnidulcni ehtefil .eg ae th dsTaeedrn auyobb eyhtt i%l0a5trom enil si eht enoz fo lam.reechntarelot noitamilccAerutarepmeT Loading level Inhibiting level Fig. 3. lac in tor egoehyf rtlauootppayrhepmeT hsif hti wgnida ollevel dgnnaiti.bsiehnnoiz -bi h ennhiith tsirwu cncooitcudor plearmroN gnit ilevel e ndoezrapmo cot lamrhotnworg nihtiw eh tgnid aloelvel eno ztter.B)(0691 ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE e t desnabuommitalup i,tdsered i ns Oen.sPhosiWcnoit nac eb detamitse y bgnignarra eerht:noitauqe rehtehw ti si ro f ,lsanroeinteigdn oac cifniocietpcsnuf ,)gninwaps(o r na .e)gealinevuj( .PF-OP2=OG f In o O,i,Prt nean (wguos onqsidn iennk)saan1ekuioBH( eht fi eulav eht etamitse ot desu eb nac )troper dehsilbupnu ,oslA eht gniwollof noisserger snoitauqe gnilboJ( 891)1 PF dna sOeGrutare pemreat:nwonk sfeilbai r)na1ov(ita ursqoeefu leatvam i d ntoeeastsbceu latnem inroeiptxaemrofni si:elbaliava .w+oG=Op 2 PF (=1 .05()G O ) - 0.53, (2) TLIUU = 67.0 )OG( + ,18.31dna (3) ,y lf giynniawdtroccA o selbairav era ,nwonk ehtdriht UUILT = 0.66 (FP) + 16.43. (4) 4 LACIGOLOIB TROPER 90 (22) elbaT2 . Experimental temperature response data for esaercni htiw gnisaercni noitamilcca-arepmet s.egriu.Ft)(2 juvenile chinook salmon. erutarepmeT rof%05 fI TO si ,nwonknu eht tniopdim fo adednemmocer noitamilccA erutarepmet ytilatrom ”( /a )C egnar nac eb desu sa na .noitamixorppa roF,elpmaxe o (o )C reppU Lower nosliW te .la )78 9d1e(trope rtaht8.01 C si ehttniopdim d eefdgonn earhemrothm kfwtoeoo clorfeingorniehvcuj 5.0 - 21.5 .nomlas yB gnitutitsbus 8.01 rof TO ni noitauqe )5(dna 10.0 0.8 24.3 gnimussa TLIUU ot dnopserroc ot eht tsehgih lahtel-hserht 15.0 2.5 25.0 (25.1 old Odetaluclac si TAWM evitavresnoc a )2 elbaT ;C 20.0 4.5 25.1 : sswaollof h tmwuomriGtpo ”( )C 8.41 tterB( te .la)2891 htwo rtg eonreZ ”( )C 1.91 reppUnosnakoH( TAWM = 8.01 + 25.1 - 8sol , 3 ,regni sdeniaB o dehsilbupnu b\)troper = 10.8 + 4.8 = 15.6 C. nosna kro eH5w(.o4L ,regni sdeniaB tterB te .la )2891( detroper na lamitpo tniopdimfo o dehsilbupnu report)\b 8 e.fg 4ond1aerdnemmocer -id nloactnemire prxe edCnu mudneref elrapniF ”( )C 7.11 nosnakoH(dna sd6e1 e sTc.,iAx 2ehWe= .uTM s8l hi1a.thvsitnWoit o C Biesinger, taht resieR dna nmojB )9791( detroper sa eht reppuegnar dehsilbupnu b\)troper timil rof aksalA hsif taht ylbis seorpiuqer rewol-arepmet lmaucmiigtoplOoisyhP ”( )C 6.31 nosnakoH(dna tures. Biesinger, noi tf aoTtAe Wr. MpsdeteriehauetThltatan lviauclac dehsilbupnu b\)troper desab no latnemirepxe atad si eht reppu erutarepmet-cer dednem mroof a cific eepfsi l.egats ehT TnAoWiMretirc morF/a tn as tenu liolbCaamt reht ( 1972) ehT /sbrohtua did to netaci d,neicar tub eht syelublaam vudsleuropweb nac eb desu ot etaulave eh tytilibatpecca foserutarepmet evitatneserp errof gnirps koonihc.nomlas .)semiger wolf evitanretla ,.g.e( snoitidnoc etis tnereffid rof roF l,aecl ip atmneaa hxey temlmokupemyeihwx-ammet serutarep dluoc eb detalumis rof evitanretl amaertsswolf evitcepseR r seulav rof snoitauqe (2), (3). dna )4(era elbaT( .)3 ,nehT a kcehc dluoc eb edam ot tciderp fieht o ,739.0 ,668.0 dna 088.0 gnilboJ( .)1891 esehTylevitaler TAWM fo6.51 C rof gnirps elinevuj koonihcnomlas hgih seulav etacidni taht a doog raenil noitalerstsixe dluow eb ;dedeecxe TAWM dluow eb dedeecxe rofeht neewteb selbairav ni eht.snoitauqe .w o sl0ff5c9 selp mesar nx ufoEetoima tirtageauephlrmtadevlteuoc eb ,edam desab no esoht detroper yb tnatuoC )2791(dna Short-term Maximum (STM) sgnurB dna senoJ ,)7791( era debircsed sa.swollof Survival Temperature Maximum Weekly Average Temperature -arep mmeutmi x)esaMh imTtmSu(mi xmarmet-trohS ,erut desab no latnemirepxe ,atad taht %05 fo eht hsifdluoc (MWAT) That Should not be Exceeded sa emas eht si ti ;)ssel ro h 42 ,.e.i( emit trohs a rof evivrus latne meirruetpa xrnEeopimteatmrofni si aetisiuqererp eht tneipicni lahtel .erutarepmet ehT eulav nac eb-itse rof na TAWM ,noitaulave dna eht noitamrofni tsumeb detam yb gnisu eht noit asugqneurB( dna senoJ:)7791 elbaliava rof a cificeps efil egats ,.g.e( elinevuj;gniraer 2).Table m if gt oMo=TlS e - a (6) ehT noitauqe rof na TA WnMoitaluclac:si b , TAWM = TO + ;“‘“ - ,TO )5( elbaT .3sU e of the MWAT criterion to evaluate tempera- tures for spring juvenile chinook salmon. where evitanretlA swolf)sfc( 1,500 1,200 950 ralu c ei rrteourhftatapre pl maTem Otid te=ptor oaper detalumiS naemylkeew efil egats r o,noitcnudfna maximu m erutarepmet (” C) 14.2 14.9 19.7 TLIUJ_I = eht upper erutarepmet taht ecnarelot seodton TA WsMI exceeded? No No Yes E VALUATIN G R ECOMMENDIN G T EMPERATUR E R EGIME S 5 AND nsaetun insemiimiT d a dna b are noissergernoitauqe Estimation of Lethality of an Exposure Time stnatsnoc morf latnemirepxe seiduts elbaT(.)4 ecniS noitauqe )6( sesserpxe %05 lavivrus rof anevig noitauqE )6( nac eb degnarraer tnatuoC( )2791 ot-itse o noitamilcca ,erutarepmet a2 C ytefas ,nigram sa-gus etam fi a n eevmiig te-rtursoohps xdeluow eb:lahtel tnatu oydCbetseg ,)2791( meMdohTertStfca rn taebcbus erutarepmet ot evired eht detciderp eulav rof %001-rus emit 12 laviv elbaT(.)4 [a + b erutarepmet( O + C 2” ])C (7) 10 a-emitgoJmS = im 044,1 fo emit gol n - 9 .31 55 , fI eht detaluclac eulav si lauqe ot ro ssel naht ,1eht b - 0.3 107 erusopxe dluow ton eb .lahtel sA na elpmaxe fognisu = 3 .158 4 - 9 .3155 equatio n (7), a dna b seulav elbaT( )4 rof eht ’51 C -0.3107 ’ noitamilcca erutarepmet era 4544.61 dna ,4635.0--cepser = 19.8’ C. .ylevit gnimussA taht elinevuj koonihc nomlas dluoweb desopxe rof 6 h 063( )nim ot a erutarepmet fo 27” ,Ceht - u dl el aobunvtooecire t niMeforThoicSttacil pepnaO noitaluclac dluow:eb seruotfa r deyepttmi aelfltiou bmeait tsaephetcca r alterna- eehstop p,ueslpm alxaeciteht o r p.oaysFhemi gwe orelvfit 360 360 noitamilcca erutarepmet rof gnirps elinevuj koonihcnomlas o J6.4454 + (- 0.5364) (27 + 2) = J6.4454 - 15.55 56 t us0oi1ba lav il Mva%rTrc 0oSui0fst1 e Cr doenehahtt o si9.12 C elbaT( .)4 desaB ndoetal uhm-i4ms2umixam = 360 _ seruta r eervpoimfteat nsrweotllfalbaT( e 5), ehtdetciderp 360 or 46.3983. ,,0.8898 7.7589 lav idvlruuosw eb ssel naht %001 rof 059 s fecsuaceebht MTS dluow eb.dedeecxe esuaceB 3893.64 si retaerg naht ,ytinu sihterusopxe y lndb olad .iubeel so otbasuwsrrhilipoythcpbeTnploucs eht latnemirepxe stluser fo tterB ( 1952), ohw dnuof tahteht elbaT .4 Temperature data for spring juvenile chinook TLI UsUa w1.52 O2).(Table C salmon. detaluclaC mret-trohS Survival Time for an Exposure Temperature mret-trohs erutarepmet o 72 ta emit lavivrus detcepxe ehT ytilatrom %05 htiw C Acclimation maximum rof%001 detami t neseabercutarep mn e edtt veaaitgamil chc sarioff temperature erusopxe survival yb eht gniwollof noitauqe tnatuoC( ;2791 sgnurB dna (” /a)C a b temperatur e (” /b)C (” C)c/ Jo1n9e7s7 ): 5 9.3155 - 7013.0 19.8 17.8 10 16.4595 - 5755.0 23.9 21.9 ) e=m igto(l a + b )erutarepmet( (8) 15 4544.61 - 0 .5364 24.8 8.22 20 22.9065 - 1167.0 26.0 24.0 erehw a dna b are naem noisserger stnatsnoc elbaT( .)4roF 24 18.9940 - 2995.0 26.4 24.4 d ehtsaimfi ltcaca51 o ,C gnis u sniohit tdaluuqtoelwuser in: noitamrofnI/a from lamreht selbat ni tnatuoC ( 1972). o tsuM/b eb ,detaluclac taht ,si eht MTS eulav rof5 C si nwohs.woleb c/Must eb ,detaluclac rof ,elpmaxe eulav rof8.91 o C =.91 8 - 2= (gol emit ) = 16.4454 + (- 0.5364 ) (27), o 8.71 .C = 16.4454 - 14.4828, = 1.9626, mit e = golitna,6269.1 elbaT5 . Use of the STM criterion to evaluate temperature = 7.19 nim erofeb gnihcaer%05 for spring juvenile chinook salmon. detciderp.ytilatrom evitan rsewtollAf)sfc( fI s’tnatuoC )2791( nigram fo ytefas fo2 o C si desuot 1,500 1,200 950 etamitse eht emit taht hsif dluoc etarelot ehterusopxe n o,niyo tti feait eohcl atutiahuulfttqoairiehvdowtomimw detalumiSh-42 )d8l(u:oewb mumixam erutarepmet (” C) 16.5 16.9 23.6 sITS M ?dedeecxe oN oN Yes golemit( ) = 16.4454 + (- 0.5364) (27 + 2),
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