Armenia: the challenge of reform in the agricultural sector

443 Pages·1995·1.93 MB·English

by  Csaba Csáki

Armenia : The Challenge of Reform in the
title: Agricultural Sector World Bank Country
Study
author: Csáki, Csaba.
publisher: World Bank
isbn10 | asin: 0821332392
print isbn13: 9780821332399
ebook isbn13: 9780585264677
language: English
Agriculture--Economic aspects--Armenia
(Republic) , Agriculture--Economic aspects-
-Armenia (Republic)--Statistics, Agriculture
subject and state--Armenia (Republic) , Land
reform--Armenia (Republic) , Privatization-
-Armenia (Republic) , Armenia (Republic)--
Econom
publication date: 1995
lcc: HD2056.62.A75 1995eb
ddc: 338.1/0947/92
Agriculture--Economic aspects--Armenia
(Republic) , Agriculture--Economic aspects-
-Armenia (Republic)--Statistics, Agriculture
subject: and state--Armenia (Republic) , Land
reform--Armenia (Republic) , Privatization-
-Armenia (Republic) , Armenia (Republic)--
Econom
Page i
Armenia
The Challenge of Reform in the Agricultural Sector
A World Bank Country Study
Page ii
Copyright © 1995
The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing May 1995
World Bank Country Studies are among the many reports originally
prepared for internal use as part of the continuing analysis by the
Bank of the economic and related conditions of its developing
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ISSN: 0-0253-2123
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Armenia : the challenge of reform in the agriculure sector.
p. cm. (A World Bank country study)
"Based on the findings of a World Bank mission that visited
Armenia in May/June of 1993 and was drafted by a small team
led by C. Csaki, the principal author"Pref.
ISBN 0-8213-3239-2
1. AgricultureEconomic aspectsArmenia (Republic)
2. AgricultureEconomic aspectsArmenia (Republic)Statistics.
3. Agriculture and stateArmenia (Republic) 4. Land reform
Armenia (Republic) 5. PrivatizationArmenia (Republic)
6. ArmeniaEconomic policy1991-I. Csaki, Csaba.
II. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
III. Series.
HD2056.62.A75 1995
338.1'0947' 92dc20 95-12464
CIP
Page iii
Contents
Preface vii
Currency Equivalents and Abbreviations viii
Executive Summary xi
1. Background and Recent Developments 1
A. Agricultural Resource Base 1
B. Agricultural Structure and Performance 3
C. Consumption and Self-Sufficiency in Agricultural 4
Products
D. Transition Under Blockade 5
2. Overall Strategy for Continuing Reforms in Food and 7
Agriculture
A. Major Components of a Program for Further 7
Reforms
B. Social Policies in Support of the Rural Transition 10
C. Policy Agenda For Continuing Reforms in Food and 14
Agriculture
3. Development of a Market Framework 17
A. Macroeconomic and Incentive Framework 17
B. Producer Prices and Fiscal Policies in Agriculture 20
C. International Trade and Trade Policies 25
D. Public Administration: The Role of the Ministry of 28
Agriculture
4. Continuation of Land Reform 31
A. The Process of Land Reform 31
B. Emerging New Farming Structure 34
C. Development of a Land Market 37
5. Competitive Linkages for Privatized Agriculture 43
A. Production Services 43
B. Agro-Processing Industries 44
C. Product Marketing 46
D. Developing a Competitive Support and Processing 48
System
E. Financial Services 53
F. Development of Rural Service Cooperatives 58
G. Need for Extension Service 60
Page iv
6. Improving Agricultural Efficiency and Sustainability 63
A. Improvements in Irrigation 63
B. Improvements in Crop Production 64
C. Adjustments in the Livestock Sector 68
D. Environmental Sustainability 70
E. Modernizing Higher Education, Research, and 72
Extension
F. Investments in Food and Agriculture 74
7. Agricultural Resources Base and Crop Production 77
A. Land 77
B. Irrigation and Water Resource Development 79
C. Crop Production 86
D. Crop Inputs 98
8. Livestock Sector 111
A. Livestock Population and Production 111
B. Livestock Performance and Feeding Efficiency 113
C. The Feed Base 114
D. Major Production Systems and Recommendations 117
E. Livestock Support Services 122
F. Livestock Product Consumption and Demand 124
G. Economic Aspects of Livestock Production 125
9. Agro-processing Enterprises 129
A. Fruit and Vegetable Canning Sector 130
B. Dairy and Milk Industries 134
C. Meat Processing 136
D. The Mixed Feed Industry 137
E. Flour Milling Industry 138
F. Wineries and Brandy Plants 139
G. Recommendations 140
10. Forestry and Environment 143
A. Forestry 143
B. Environmental Issues 150
11. Statistical Annex 157
Maps:
1 Agro-Climatic Zones
2 Average Annual Precipitation