Aristotle's Meteorology and Its Reception in the Arab World: With an Edition and Translation of Ibn Suwār's Treatise on Meteorological Phenomena and Ibn Bājja's Commentary on the Meteorology (Aristoteles Semitico-Latinus) PDF
Preview Aristotle's Meteorology and Its Reception in the Arab World: With an Edition and Translation of Ibn Suwār's Treatise on Meteorological Phenomena and Ibn Bājja's Commentary on the Meteorology (Aristoteles Semitico-Latinus)
ARISTOTLE'S METEOROLOGY AND ITS RECEPTION IN THE ARAB WORLD ARISTOTELES SEMITICO-LATINUS founded by H.J. Drossaart Lulofs is prepared under the supervision of the ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF AR TS AND SCIENCES as part of the CORPUS PHILOSOPHORUM MEDII AEVI project of the UNION ACADÉMIQUE INTERNATIONALE. The Aristoteles Semitico-Latinus project envisages the publication of the Syriac, Arabic and Hebrew translations of Aristotle's works, of the Latin translations of those translations, and of the mediaeval paraphrases and commentaries made in the context of this translation tradition. General Editors H. DAIBER and R. KRUK Editorial Board H.A.G. BRAAKHUIS, W.P. GERRITS EN J. MANSFELD, C.J. RUIJGH, D.TH. RUNIA VOLUME 10 /6 8^' ARISTOTLE'S METEOROLOGY AND ITS RECEPTION IN THE ARAB WORLD With an Edition and Translation of Ibn Suwār^s Treatise on Meteorological Phenomena and Ibn Bājja's Commentary on the Meteorology BY PAUL LETTINCK '68^' BRILL LEIDEN · BOSTON · KÖLN 1999 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data is also available Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Aristotle' s Meteorology and its reception in the Arab world : with an edition and translation of Ibn Suvvâr' s Treatise on meteorological phenomena and Ibn Bājja' s Commentary on the meteorology / by Paul Lettinck.- Leiden.;Boston ; Köln : Brill 1999 (Aristoteles Semitico-Latinus ; Vol 10) ISBN 90-04-10933-1 ISSN 0927-4103 ISBN 90 04 10933 1 © Copyright 1999 by Koninklijke ΒήΙΙ NV, Leiden, TL· Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Damiers MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII SCHEMATIC SURVEY VIII INTRODUCTION 1 I. STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE; THE DOUBLE EXHALATION . .. 32 EL PHENOMENA IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE 66 III. PHENOMENA IN THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE DUE TO MOISTURE . .. 97 IV. RIVERS AND THE SEA 120 V. WINDS 156 VI. THE INHABITABLE REGIONS OF THE EARTH 194 VII. EARTHQUAKES 209 VIII. THUNDER, LIGHTNING, HURRICANES, WHIRLWINDS AND THUNDERBOLTS 225 IX. HALOES, RAINBOWS, MOCK SUNS AND RODS 243 X. EXHALATIONS WITHIN THE EARTH; BOOK IV OF THE METEOROLOGY 301 SUPPLEMENT 1 : IBN SUWĀR - TREATISE ON METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA 315 SUPPLEMENT 2 : IBN BĀJJA - COMMENTARY ON THE METEOROLOGY . . 383 BIBLIOGRAPHY 482 INDEX LOCORUM 488 GREEK-ENGLISH-ARABIC GLOSSARY 495 INDEX OF NAMES AND SUBJECTS 498 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Prof. H. Daiber (Amsterdam, Frankfurt) for his supervision, his willingness to make his extensive private library avail- able for consultation, and his checking the editions of the Arabic texts and suggesting solutions for parts that made difficult reading in the manuscripts. Also, the corrections and additions that were suggested by him and Prof. R. Kruk (Leiden) have improved the text of this book to a considerable extent. I am also much obliged to Peri Bearman (Brill, Leiden) who corrected a large part of the English text. In addition, I am grateful to Prof. Jamil Ragep (Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.) for his interest in this work and his discussions with me. He suggested solutions for passages in Ibn Bâjja's text concerning astrono- mical subjects that were obscure at first reading. Part of the work was done during a nine month's fellowship at the Institute for the History of Science of the University of Oklahoma. I thank the staff of the Institute and its Library for giving me the opportunity to work with them. The research for this book has been made possible by funding from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and from the Rockefeller Foundation. SCHEMATIC SURVEY We present here a schematic survey of the works on meteorology that are discussed in this book. An asterisk means that the work is not extant. Between brackets are the names of authors that influenced the work. Ibn al-Bitriq was used in all works mentioned under 'Arabic discussions of meteorology'. 1. Versions of Aristotle's text on meteorology Aristotle: Meteorology Hellenistic version * 1 Hellenistic compendium * Syriac version * Syriac version * Ibn al Bitriq: Arabic version Ibn Suwār: Arabic version * Hunayn Ibn Ishāq: Compendium (chapters on the halo and rainbow) incorporated in Ibn Rusd's Middle Commentary Gerard of Cremona: Latin translation Ibn Tibbon: Hebrew translation, incorporated in Otot ha-Shamayim 2. Greek commentaries on Aristotle's Meteorology Alexander of Aphrodisias-j Arabic translation * Olympiodorus (Greek or Syriac) paraphrase Arabic translation * Hunayn ibn Ishāq: Olympiodorus' commentary on Aristotle's Meteorology (= Pseudo-Olympiodorus) Philoponus 3. Arabic discussions of meteorology Al-Kindl: letters on precipitation and wind Ibn Suwār: Treatise on Meteorological Phenomena (on the halo and rainbow) (Theophrast, Alexander, Olympiodorus, Pseudo-Olympiodorus) Ibn Sīnā: Κ. aš-Šifā', part of Tab. 4, Tab. 5 (Pseudo-Olympiodorus) School of Ibn Sīnā: Bahmanyār: at-Tahsīl Abū 1-Barakāt: al-Mu'tabar Fakr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī: al-Mabāhit_ Ibn Bājja: Commentary on the Meteorology (incomplete) Ibn Rušd: Short Commentary (Alexander, Pseudo-Olympiodorus, Ibn al-Haytam, Ibn Bājja) Ibn Rušd: Middle Commentary (Alexander, Pseudo-Olympiodorus, Ibn al-Haytam)
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