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Aristotle's categories in the early Roman Empire PDF

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OXFORD CLASSICAL MONOGRAPHS PublishedunderthesupervisionofaCommitteeoftheFaculty ofClassicsintheUniversityofOxford TheaimoftheOxfordClassicalMonographseries(whichreplacesthe OxfordClassicalandPhilosophicalMonographs)istopublishbooksbased onthebestthesesonGreekandLatinliterature,ancienthistory,and ancientphilosophyexaminedbytheFacultyBoardofClassics. ’ Aristotle s Categories in the Early Roman Empire MICHAEL J. GRIFFIN 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries #MichaelJ.Griffin2015 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2015 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014951230 ISBN 978–0–19–872473–5 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY Parentibus carissimis ‹(cid:2)(cid:2)’ (cid:3)r(cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6) K(cid:6) (cid:7)(cid:3)Œ(cid:8)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:2)Ø(cid:6) KçÅ(cid:9)(cid:10)(cid:11)Æ(cid:6)(cid:7)(cid:5) (cid:7)(cid:5)Œ(cid:3)F(cid:2)Ø(cid:6) Proclus ap. Olymp. in Phaed. 1.5,16 Preface ThisstudybeganlifeasadissertationsubmittedtotheUniversityof Oxfordin2009.Thatdissertationaimed,ratherambitiously,tosettle aproblemthatHansGottschalkhasneatlyarticulatedasfollows:‘[i]t wouldbeinterestingtoknowwhytheCategoriescametoexerciseso muchfascination[inthefirstcenturybce],butthereisnoevidence’ (1987: 1103). Building on the later Neoplatonic sources, especially Simplicius (c.490–c.560 ce), I hoped to provide evidence for a solu- tion of that puzzle. Along the way, I reconstructed the long and complex stratigraphy of commentary on the Categories before Por- phyry, following (or at least muddling along) in the footsteps of scholarssuchasPaulMoraux(1973,1984). Thepresentbookdiffersfromthatdissertationinseveralrespects. Most importantly, it has benefited from several years of critical feedback. It has also, for better or worse, been pared down to focus on a single story. Andronicus of Rhodes, I suggest, rescued the Categories from obscurity because he believed it was a good begin- ner’sintroductiontoAristotle’stheoryofdemonstration(I(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:4)(cid:3)Ø(cid:11)Ø(cid:14)). But contemporary and later philosophers’ confusion regarding its subject-matter—language,concepts,orreality?—helpedtodrawfur- therattentiontothetreatise,fosteringthedevelopmentofsubsequent ancientsemantics.Thosechaptersthatdidnotespeciallycontributeto thisstoryhavebeendeleted,whilethenewchapter2(Andronicusof Rhodes)hasbeenheavilyrevisedandexpanded.Chapter3(Eudorusand Pseudo-Archytas), chapter 4 (Lucius and Nicostratus), and chapter 5 (Athenodorus and Cornutus) have been moderately revised, while chapter 6 (Boethus of Sidon) has been reduced in scope, since some of my conclusions in 2009 have been corrected, or improved, by a series ofrecent,outstandingarticlesandeditedcollectionsonthisperiod(seefor exampleRashed2013,Chiaradonna2013).Atthetimeofwriting,Iwas abletomakeonlylimiteduseofthenewcommentaryontheCategor- ies found in the Archimedes Palimpsest (Chiaradonna, Rashed, and Sedley 2013), but I have been able to add references to several sup- portingpassagesfromthattext. Ihaveincurredmanydebtsofgratitudeinthedevelopmentofthis project. I am especially indebted to Tobias Reinhardt, under whose viii Preface kindandpatientsupervisionthedissertationgraduallywounditsway intobeing,andtoRichardSorabjiandPeterAdamson,whocarefully examined the entire manuscript at the dissertation stage, and have continuedtodiscussrevisionswithmeindetail.Iamalsogratefulto ProfessorSorabjiformanyyearsofconversationsaboutthephiloso- phy of the commentators, which have greatly expanded my know- ledge and appreciation of the period. The dissertation project was originally suggested by Michael Frede, my faculty adviser for the M.Phil. at Oxford from 2004 to 2006, without whom it would never havebegun.BenMorison,whokindlyagreedtoserveasmymentor for the Press, has been truly generous with his time and insightful commentary.Iamalsoindebtedtoseveralcarefulreadersofmultiple drafts of the MS or individual chapters, including Jonathan Barnes, Sylvia Berryman, George Boys-Stones (who also kindly shared with me helpful unpublished work), Michael Chase, Riccardo Chiara- donna, Myrto Hatzimichali, George Karamanolis, Stephen Menn, MarwanRashed,DavidSedley,RobertSharples,RichardSorabji,and Thomasz Tiuryn, as well as participants in conferences and lectures held at the University of Toronto, University College London, and the University of Trier. I am also grateful to Annie Hewitt for her painstaking and careful editorial work on the manuscript, which has significantlyimprovedthefinalproductandsavedmefromnotafew embarrassingerrors. Noneof these readers, of course, canbe faulted fortheremainingmishapsanderrors,whicharesolelymyown. My graduate work at Oxford was generously supported by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission of the United Kingdom andtheSocialSciencesandHumanitiesResearchCouncilofCanada. ThedevelopmentofthisbookwasalsosponsoredbyanInsightGrant fromtheSocialSciencesandResearchCouncilofCanada.Iamvery grateful to both bodies for their kind support from the beginning to the end of this process. Last but by no means least, I would like to thank my parents, Bruce and Jennifer, who have made everything possible,andsustainedthiseffortfromarchētotelos. MichaelJ.Griffin TheUniversityofBritishColumbia December2013 Contents Abbreviations xii 1. Introduction 1 I. ThisStudy:TheCategoriesintheEarlyRomanEmpire 7 RoadMap 8 Goals,Methods,andMaterials 14 II. TheStructureoftheCategories 16 PartA. RediscoveryandEndorsement: AndronicusandEudorus 2. AndronicusofRhodes 21 I. LifeandHistory 23 II. WorksandEditorialActivity:Beginningwiththe Categories 29 III. AndronicusontheCategories 32 IV. Conclusions:Andronicus’relationshiptothe‘ancient exegetes’ofCategories 72 3. ‘Pythagorean’Support:EudorusandPseudo-Archytas 78 I. EudorusofAlexandria(fl.c.50bce?) 78 LifeandHistory 78 Works 79 Philosophy 80 TreatmentoftheCategories 82 RelationshiptoAndronicus 95 II. Pseudo-Archytas(fl.c.50bce?) 97 PartB. EarlyCriticisms:PlatonistsandStoics 4. LuciusandNicostratus 103 I. UsingtheNeoplatonistSources 106 II. LifeandHistory 108 Lucius 108 Nicostratus 111 III. DistinctPortrayalasCritics 112

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