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Aristotle and the Stoics (Cambridge Philological Society Supplementary Volume, No. 10) PDF

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.. CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Supplementary Volume no. 10 :ARISTOTLE AND THE STOICS F. H. SANDBACH PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY CAMBRIDGE 1985 @ CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY ISBN 0 906014 06 9 Supplementary Volume no. 10 ARIS-TOTLE AND THE- STOICS by F. H. SANDBACH THE CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY 1985 @ CAMBRIDGE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY ISBN. 0 906014 06 9 Printed in Great Britain by the University Press, Cambridge. CONTENTS page Preface IV · Abbreviations V List of works cited vi INTRODUCTION Il REFERENCES TO ARISTOTLE 4 Ill METHODS OF ESTIMATING INFLUENCE 16 IV LOGIC 18 V ETHICS 24 VI PHYSICS 31 VII DISREGARD OF PECULIARLY ARISTOTELIAN IDEAS 53 VIII CONCLUSION 55 PANAETIUS AND POSIDONIUS 58 APPENDIX: OCELLUS LUCANUS 63 NOTES 65 INDEX 82 PREFACE In this essay I examine the widely-held view that Stoicism, being su~sequent to Aristotle, must be explained as a development from Aristotelianism. I hope that I have shown this to be insecurely founded at the least. Paucity of information about the philosophers of the late fourth and early third centuries often makes it impossible to speak with certainty, but the evidence that we have seems to indicate that in general the Stoics neither read, nor learned the contents of, the works contained in our Corpus Aristotelicum. Some leading scholars have remarked upon the apparent neglect of these works after the time ofTheophrastus: lngemar DUring, Paul Moraux, and Fritz Wehrli spring to mind. It will appear that ~ven before that man's death they did not attract the attention of the Stoics. In the following pages some scholars of deservedly high reputation will be found occasionally to have slipped into errors more characteristic of lesser men. It has given me little pleasure to record these, and it is only right to express my great admiration for these authors. But I hope that it was useful to notice their mistakes because they provide a warning against the dangers involved in trusting to one's memory or accepting others' statements without verification from the ancient texts themselves. If such failings mar my own work, as they may well do, I do not seek to excuse them. In casting doubt on the influence of Aristotle, I do not wish to suggest that to compare the views of Aristotle and later philosophers is not a valuable enterprise. On the contrary, by directing attention to dissimilarities it may lead to a clearer apprehension of the intentions and the meaning, the strength and the weaknesses of the arguments used by both parties. This is urged by Myles Burnyeat, who read an earlier version of this essay and to whom I owe a heavy debt of gratitude for his corrections, his indication of omissions, his suggestions, and above all his continued interest and encouragement. I also gratefully acknowledge the help and encouragement that I have received from John Easterling and from David Sedley, who gave me many valuable detailed notes. None of these friends must be understood to be convinced by all that I here maintain. The financial assistance of Trinity College, Cambridge, facilitated the publication of this essay by the Cambridge Philological Society. It gives me great pleasure to record my thanks for my C'lllege's generous help. October 1984 F. H. SANDBACH ABBREVIATIONS DK : Diels-Kranz, Fragmente der Vorsokratiker Dox Diets, Doxographi Graeci EE Aristotle, Ethica Eudemia EN Aristotle, Ethica Nicomachea F.Gr.Hisl. Jacoby, Fragmenta Graecorum Historicorum LSJ Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon MM Aristotle (?), Magna Moralia RE Pauly-Wissowa, Rea/encyclopiidie der c/assischen Alterlwnswissenschaft S/G Dittenberger, Syl/oge Inscriptionum Graecarum SVF von Arnim, Stoicorwn Veterum Fragmenta TGL Stephanus-Dindorf, Thesaurus Graecae linguae Any abbreviations for modern journals are those used by L'Annee philologique vi LIST OF WORKS CITED Allan, D. J. 'A passage from Iamblichus in Praise of the Contemplative Life', . Archiv fiir Geschichte der Philosophie 51 (1975) 246-68 . Arnim, H. von. Arius Didymus' Abriss der peripatetischen Ethik. Akadernie der .. Wissenschaften zu Wien, phil.-hist. Klasse 204.3 (1926} Arrighetti, G. Epicuro, opere (Turin 1960; ed.2, 1973) Beutler, R. 'Okellos', RE XVII 2 (1937) 2361-8 Bignone, E. L'Aristotele perduto (Florence 1936) Bonhtiffer, A. Epiktet und die Stoa (Stuttgart 1890) Brehier, E. Chrysippe et /'ancien stoicisme (Paris 1910; ed. 2, 1951) Brink, K. 0. 'Peripatos', RE suppl. VII (1940) 899-904 Brink, C. 0. (= the former) 'Theophrastus and Zeno on Nature in Moral Theory', Phronesis 1 (1956) 123-45 Burnet, J. The Ethics of Aristotle (London 1900) Burnyeat, M. F. 'The origins of non-deductive inference', Science and Speculation, ed. J. Barnes and others (Cambridge 1982) 193-238 Bywater, I. 'Aristotle's Dialogue'On Philosophy', Journal of Philology1 (1871) 64- 87 Bywater, I. Supplementum Aristote/icum 1.2 (Berlin 1886) Case, T. 'Aristotle', Encyclopedia Britannica (ed. 11, Cambridge 1910) Charlton, W. Aristotle's Physics, Books I and 11 (Oxford 1970) Charlton, W. 'Prime Matter; a Rejoinder', Phronesis 28 (1983) 197-211 Cherniss, H. C. Plutarch's M01·alia XIII.2 (Cambridge, Mass. and London 1976) Chilton, C. W. Diogenes ofOenoanda, The fragments (London 1971) Cooper, J. M. 'The Magna Moralia and Aristotle's Moral Philosophy', American Journal of Philology 94 (1973) 327-49 Cornford, F. M. Plato's Cosmology (London 1937) Croenert, W. Kolotes und Menedemos (Leipzig 1906) Croust, A-H. 'Lucretius De rerum natura ll 102442', Synibolae Osloenses 51 (1976) 95-103 De Lacy, P. H. 'The Stoic Categories as Methodological Principles', Transactions of the American Philological Association 76 ( 1945) 246-63 De Lacy, P. H. Corpus medicorum graecorum V 4.1 2 (Berlin 1980) Denyer, N. C. 'The Atorriism of Diodorus Cronus', Prudelllia 13 (1981) 33-45 Dirlmeier, F. Die Oikeiosis-Lehre Theophrasts. Philologus suppl.30(Leipzig 1927) Dittenberger, W. Sylloge in_scriptionum Graecarum (ed. 3 Leipzig 1915-24) Doring, K. Die Megariker (Amsterdam 1972) Dorrie, H. Platonica Minora (Munich 1976) Dtiring, I. Aristotle's Chemical Treatise (Goteborg 1944) Dtiring, I. 'Ariston or Hermippus?', Classica et medievalia 17 (1956) 11-22 LIST OF WORKS CITED vii During, I. Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition. Goteborgs Universitetets Arsskrift 63 (1957) During, I. Aristoteles (Heidelberg 1966) Edelstein, L. and Kidd, I. G. Posidonius, The fragments (Cambridge 1972) : Elorduy, E. Die Sozialphilosophie der Stoa (Leipzig 1936) Flashar, H~ ~Aristoteles, sein Bild in Forschung und Deutung der Gegenwart', Studii c/asice 20 ( 1981) 55-67 Forschner, M. Die stoische Ethik (Stuttgart 1981) . Fragstein, A. von; Studien zur Ethik des Aristote!es (Amsterdam 1974) Frede, M. Die stoische Logik. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaft in Gottingen 8 (1974) Fritz, K. von. 'Polemon' RE XX1.2 (1.952) 2524-9 Furley, D. J. Two Studies in the Greek Atomists (Princeton 1967) Gigon, 0. 'Cicero und Aristoteles', Hermes 87 (1959) 143-62 Gigon, 0. Studien zur antiken Philosophie (Berlin and New York 1972) Goldschmidt, V. Le systeme stoicien et /'idee de temps (ed. 3 Paris 1977) Gorgemanns, H. Untersuchungen zu Plutarchs Dialog De facie in orbe lunae (Heidelberg 1970) Gottschalk, H. B. 'Notes on the Wills of the Peripatetic Scholarchs', Hermes lOO (1972) 314-42 Gould, J. B. The Philosophy of Chrysippus (Leiden 1970) Gould, J. B. Review of Hahm, Journal ofth e History of Philosophy 18 ( 1980) 219- 22 Graeser, A. Plotinus and the Stoics (Leiden 1972) Graeser, A. Die logischen Fragmente des Theophrast (Berlin and New York 1973) Graeser, A. in Les Stoiciens et leur /ogique, Actes du,colloque de Chantilly, 18-22 septembre 1976 (Paris 1978) Grayeff, F. Aristotle and his school (London 1974) Grumach, E. Physis und Agathon in der a/ten Stoa (Berlin 1932) Gulick, C. B. Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists (London and Cambridge, Mass. 1927) Guthrie, W. K. C. History of Greek Philosophy VI (Cambridge 1981) Hahm, D. E. The Origins of Stoic Cosmology (Ohio 1977) Happ, H. Hyle (Berlin and New York 1971) Harder, R. Ocellus Lucanus (Berlin 1926). Neue Philologische Untersuchungen I Howald, E. 'Die Schriftenverzeichnisse des Aristoteles und des Theophrast', Hermes 55 (1920) 204-221 lnwood, B. 'The Origin of Epicurus' Concept of Void', Classical Philology 76 (1981) 273-85 Jackson, H. 'Aristotle's Lecture-Room and Lectures', Journal of Philology 35 (1920) 191-200 Jacoby, F. Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (Berlin 1923-58) Jaeger, W. Aristoteles (Berlin 1923)

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