ARIS Method manual

372 Pages·2016·5.91 MB·English

ARIS
METHOD
Version 9.8 SR6
October 2016
This document applies to ARIS Version 9.8 and to all subsequent releases. Specifications
contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release
notes or new editions.
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Method
Contents

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1
2 Architecture of Integrated Information Systems (ARIS) ............................................. 3
2.1 ARIS architecture concept ............................................................................ 3
2.2 Descriptive views ........................................................................................ 3
2.3 Descriptive levels ....................................................................................... 7
3 Process chain analysis ........................................................................................ 11
3.1 Description of the business management problem ......................................... 11
3.2 Process chain diagram (PCD) ..................................................................... 12
4 Modeling within the views and levels of the ARIS concept ........................................ 14
4.1 Function view ........................................................................................... 14
4.1.1 Requirements definition .................................................................. 14
4.1.1.1 Function tree ............................................................................ 15
4.1.1.2 Y diagram ................................................................................ 19
4.1.1.3 SAP® applications diagram ......................................................... 20
4.1.1.4 Objective diagram ..................................................................... 21
4.1.2 Design specification - Application system type diagram ........................ 22
4.1.3 Implementation - Application system diagram .................................... 26
4.2 Data view ................................................................................................ 29
4.2.1 Requirements definition .................................................................. 29
4.2.1.1 The ERM base model ................................................................. 29
4.2.1.2 ERM - eERM extensions .............................................................. 34
4.2.1.2.1 Design operators added ........................................................... 34
4.2.1.2.2 Extension of cardinalities ......................................................... 39
4.2.1.2.3 Identification and existence dependency .................................... 41
4.2.1.2.4 Modeling technical terms used in a company - Technical terms
model ................................................................................... 41
4.2.1.2.5 eERM attribute allocation diagram ............................................. 43
4.2.1.3 Alternative forms of representation .............................................. 44
4.2.1.3.1 SAP® SERM ........................................................................... 44
4.2.1.3.2 IE data model ........................................................................ 46
4.2.1.3.3 SeDaM model ......................................................................... 47
4.2.1.4 Summary of the main terms and forms of representation of the
eERM ....................................................................................... 48
4.2.1.5 Document type definition ........................................................... 49
4.2.1.5.1 Element types ........................................................................ 49
4.2.1.5.2 Connection types .................................................................... 51
4.2.1.5.3 Attribute types ....................................................................... 52
4.2.1.5.3.1 Data type of the attribute value ......................................... 52
4.2.1.5.3.2 Attribute default .............................................................. 53
4.2.1.5.4 Testing a DTD ........................................................................ 56
4.2.1.6 Material flow modeling - Material diagram ..................................... 57
4.2.1.7 Modeling the Data Warehouse structure ....................................... 58
4.2.1.8 Authorization hierarchy .............................................................. 59
4.2.1.9 Process cost management data models ........................................ 60
4.2.1.9.1 CD diagram ........................................................................... 60
4.2.1.9.2 Cost category diagram ............................................................. 61
I
Method
4.2.1.10 Project management data model ................................................. 62
4.2.1.10.1 Information carrier diagram ..................................................... 62
4.2.2 Design specification ........................................................................ 63
4.2.2.1 Relations diagram and Attribute allocation diagram ........................ 63
4.2.2.2 System interface models - System attributes, System attribute
domain .................................................................................... 66
4.2.3 Implementation - Table diagram ...................................................... 68
4.3 Organization view ..................................................................................... 70
4.3.1 Requirements definition .................................................................. 70
4.3.1.1 Organizational structure of companies .......................................... 70
4.3.1.2 Organizational chart .................................................................. 72
4.3.1.3 Shift calendar ........................................................................... 77
4.3.2 Design specification - Network topology ............................................. 79
4.3.3 Implementation ............................................................................. 81
4.3.3.1 Network diagram ...................................................................... 81
4.3.3.2 Material flow modeling - Technical resources ................................. 83
4.4 Process view ............................................................................................ 86
4.4.1 Requirements definition .................................................................. 86
4.4.1.1 Linking functions with organization - EPC, Function/Organizational
level diagram............................................................................ 86
4.4.1.2 Linking functions with data ......................................................... 88
4.4.1.2.1 Event control - Event-driven process chain (EPC) ........................ 88
4.4.1.2.2 Function allocation diagram (I/O) .............................................. 99
4.4.1.2.3 Information flow diagrams ..................................................... 103
4.4.1.2.4 Event diagram ...................................................................... 104
4.4.1.3 Functions - Organization - Data ................................................. 105
4.4.1.3.1 EPC/PCD.............................................................................. 105
4.4.1.3.2 Input/Output diagram ........................................................... 107
4.4.1.3.3 Value-added chain diagram .................................................... 108
4.4.1.3.4 Rule diagram ....................................................................... 109
4.4.1.3.5 Communications diagram ....................................................... 110
4.4.1.3.6 Classification diagram ............................................................ 110
4.4.1.4 Object-oriented modeling ......................................................... 111
4.4.1.5 Process variants ...................................................................... 112
4.4.1.5.1 Process selection matrix ........................................................ 112
4.4.1.6 Material flow modeling ............................................................. 113
4.4.1.6.1 EPC (material flow) ............................................................... 113
4.4.1.6.2 Material flow diagram ............................................................ 114
4.4.1.6.3 EPC (column/row display) ...................................................... 115
4.4.1.7 SAP ALE models ...................................................................... 117
4.4.1.7.1 SAP ALE filter model .............................................................. 117
4.4.1.7.2 SAP ALE message flow model ................................................. 117
4.4.1.7.3 SAP ALE message type model ................................................. 117
4.4.1.8 Role assignment diagram (RAD) ................................................ 118
4.4.1.9 Other models .......................................................................... 119
4.4.1.9.1 Business controls diagram ...................................................... 119
4.4.1.9.2 DW transformation ................................................................ 120
4.4.1.9.3 E-Business scenario diagram .................................................. 121
4.4.1.9.4 Structuring model ................................................................. 123
4.4.1.9.5 Industrial process and Office process ....................................... 124
4.4.1.9.6 Project process chain (PPC) .................................................... 125
II
Method
4.4.1.9.7 Process instantiation model .................................................... 127
4.4.1.9.8 RAMS .................................................................................. 128
4.4.1.9.9 Role diagram ........................................................................ 130
4.4.1.9.10 Quick model ......................................................................... 131
4.4.1.9.11 c3 method ........................................................................... 132
4.4.1.9.12 Screen design ...................................................................... 133
4.4.1.9.13 Screen navigation ................................................................. 135
4.4.1.9.14 Business segment matrix ....................................................... 136
4.4.2 Design specification ...................................................................... 138
4.4.2.1 Access diagram ....................................................................... 138
4.4.2.1.1 Linking functions with data ..................................................... 138
4.4.2.1.2 Linking organization with data ................................................ 139
4.4.2.1.3 Linking organization with function ........................................... 140
4.4.2.2 Program flow chart .................................................................. 142
4.4.2.3 Program flow chart (PF) ........................................................... 143
4.4.2.4 Screen diagram ...................................................................... 144
4.4.2.5 SAP integration process (XI) ..................................................... 146
4.4.3 Implementation - Access diagram (physical) .................................... 147
4.4.3.1 Linking functions with data ....................................................... 147
4.4.3.2 Linking organization with data ................................................... 149
4.4.3.3 Linking organization with functions ............................................ 150
4.5 Product/Service modeling ........................................................................ 152
4.5.1 Product/Service exchange diagram ................................................. 152
4.5.2 Product/Service tree ..................................................................... 154
4.5.3 Product allocation diagram ............................................................ 155
4.5.4 Product tree ................................................................................ 157
4.5.5 Product selection matrix ................................................................ 158
4.5.6 Competition model ....................................................................... 159
5 Unified Modeling Language (UML) in ARIS ........................................................... 160
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 160
5.2 ARIS UML Designer - Supported UML standard ............................................ 160
6 Object Modeling Technique (OMT) ...................................................................... 161
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 161
6.2 Summary of the OMT methodology ........................................................... 161
6.3 Object modeling techniques in ARIS .......................................................... 162
6.3.1 OMT Object model ........................................................................ 162
6.3.2 OMT Dynamic model ..................................................................... 169
6.3.3 OMT Functional model ................................................................... 171
6.3.4 How to arrange objects in a hierarchy ............................................. 174
7 Methods for knowledge management .................................................................. 175
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 175
7.2 Object types for modeling knowledge processing ......................................... 176
7.2.1 Knowledge category ..................................................................... 176
7.2.2 Documented knowledge ................................................................ 178
7.3 Model types for modeling knowledge processing .......................................... 178
7.3.1 Knowledge structure diagram ......................................................... 178
7.3.2 Knowledge map ........................................................................... 179
7.3.3 Representation of knowledge processing in business processes ........... 181
III
Method
8 Balanced Scorecard method .............................................................................. 182
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 182
8.2 The Balanced Scorecard concept ............................................................... 182
8.2.1 Key elements of the BSC approach ................................................. 182
8.2.2 Strategic management process and Balanced Scorecard .................... 183
8.2.2.1 Formulation and realization of vision and strategy ........................ 184
8.2.2.1.1 Standard perspectives of a Balanced Scorecard ......................... 185
8.2.2.1.2 Cause-and-effect chain .......................................................... 186
8.2.2.1.3 Definition of leading and lagging indicators ............................... 186
8.2.2.2 Communication and derivation of further scorecards .................... 187
8.2.2.3 Planning and targets ................................................................ 187
8.2.2.4 Strategic learning and feedback ................................................ 188
8.2.3 Advantages and benefits of the Balanced Scorecard .......................... 188
8.3 Developing a Balanced Scorecard with ARIS BSC ........................................ 189
8.3.1 Terms and abbreviations ............................................................... 189
8.3.2 Creating Balanced Scorecards with ARIS BSC ................................... 190
8.3.2.1 Specification of perspectives ..................................................... 190
8.3.2.2 Balanced Scorecard system structure specification ....................... 191
8.3.2.3 Cause-and-effect relationship specification .................................. 191
8.3.2.4 Specification of initiatives and KPIs to monitor objectives .............. 194
8.3.2.5 Description of KPIs and their relationships .................................. 197
8.3.3 Relationships to other models ........................................................ 197
9 E-Business scenario diagram ............................................................................. 198
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 198
9.2 E-Business scenario diagram method ........................................................ 200
9.2.1 The idea ..................................................................................... 200
9.2.2 The model and its objects .............................................................. 200
9.2.3 'Transmission type' attribute group ................................................. 201
9.3 Evaluations using reports ......................................................................... 202
9.3.1 Data security check ...................................................................... 202
9.3.2 System support ........................................................................... 202
9.3.3 Information flow .......................................................................... 202
9.3.4 Collaborative business maps .......................................................... 202
IV
Method
9.4 Connection to other methods and components ............................................ 203
10 IT City Planning ............................................................................................... 207
10.1 Enterprise Architecture and IT City Planning ............................................... 207
10.2 Which companies may benefit from IT City Planning? ................................... 207
10.3 IT City Planning with ARIS ....................................................................... 208
10.4 Service view .......................................................................................... 210
10.5 Service types and their data ..................................................................... 213
10.6 Detail description of service types ............................................................. 214
10.7 Chronological-logical operational sequences of IS elements .......................... 215
10.8 IT view ................................................................................................. 215
10.9 IT elements and their data ....................................................................... 217
10.10 Detail description of IT elements ............................................................... 217
10.11 Organizational aspects ............................................................................ 218
10.12 Chronological-logical operational sequences of IT elements........................... 218
10.13 Chronological-logical operational sequences within the architecture ............... 219
10.14 Possible evaluations ................................................................................ 220
11 Business process modeling ................................................................................ 221
11.1 Process classes and the business process diagram ....................................... 221
11.2 Implementation of BPMN in ARIS .............................................................. 223
11.3 Elements of the business process diagram ................................................. 224
11.3.1 Pools and lanes ............................................................................ 224
11.3.2 Modeling guidelines for pools and lanes ........................................... 225
11.3.3 Sequence flow ............................................................................. 225
11.3.4 Modeling guidelines for sequence flow connections ............................ 226
11.3.5 Message flow ............................................................................... 226
11.3.6 Modeling guidelines for message flow connections ............................. 227
11.3.7 Association .................................................................................. 227
11.3.8 Events ........................................................................................ 227
11.3.9 Modeling guidelines for events ....................................................... 228
11.3.10 Activities ..................................................................................... 229
11.3.11 Modeling guidelines for activities .................................................... 230
11.3.12 Gateway ..................................................................................... 231
11.3.13 Modeling guidelines for gateways ................................................... 232
11.3.14 Artifact ....................................................................................... 233
11.3.15 Sources of figures ........................................................................ 235
12 Modeling BPMN 2.0 .......................................................................................... 236
12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 236
12.1.1 Initial situation and objective ......................................................... 236
12.1.2 Purpose of this chapter ................................................................. 236
12.2 BPMN core elements and their implementation in ARIS ................................ 237
12.2.1 Infrastructure .............................................................................. 237
12.2.2 Foundation .................................................................................. 238
12.2.3 Common elements ....................................................................... 240
12.2.3.1 Artifacts ................................................................................. 240
12.2.3.1.1 Association .......................................................................... 242
12.2.3.1.2 Group ................................................................................. 243
12.2.3.1.3 Text annotation .................................................................... 244
12.2.3.2 Callable elements .................................................................... 245
12.2.3.3 Event .................................................................................... 246
12.2.3.4 Expression ............................................................................. 246
12.2.3.5 Flow element .......................................................................... 246
12.2.3.6 Flow element container ............................................................ 247
V
Method
12.2.3.7 Gateway ................................................................................ 248
12.2.3.8 Message ................................................................................ 249
12.2.3.9 Message flow .......................................................................... 250
12.2.3.10 Participant ............................................................................. 252
12.2.3.11 Resource ................................................................................ 254
12.2.3.12 Sequence flow ........................................................................ 255
12.2.3.13 Not considered elements in the 1st version ................................. 258
12.3 BPMN diagrams and ARIS model types: An overview ................................... 259
12.4 Process ................................................................................................. 260
12.4.1 Activities ..................................................................................... 262
12.4.1.1 Resource assignment ............................................................... 264
12.4.1.2 Performer .............................................................................. 264
12.4.1.3 Activity type: Task .................................................................. 265
12.4.1.4 Human interactions ................................................................. 269
12.4.1.5 Activity type: Subprocess ......................................................... 269
12.4.1.5.1 Subprocess type: Subprocess ................................................. 270
12.4.1.5.2 Subprocess type: Event subprocess ......................................... 272
12.4.1.5.3 Subprocess type: Transaction ................................................. 273
12.4.1.5.4 Subprocess type: Adhoc subprocess ........................................ 274
12.4.1.6 Subprocess type: Call Activity ................................................... 276
12.4.1.7 Global task ............................................................................. 277
12.4.1.8 Loop characteristics ................................................................. 277
12.4.1.8.1 Loop characteristics representations ........................................ 277
12.4.1.8.2 Standard and multi-instance loop characteristics and complex
behavior definition ................................................................ 278
12.4.2 Items and Data ............................................................................ 281
12.4.2.1 Activity type: Task .................................................................. 281
12.4.2.2 Data store .............................................................................. 283
12.4.3 Events ........................................................................................ 284
12.4.3.1 Catch events and throw events ................................................. 286
12.4.3.2 Start event ............................................................................. 288
12.4.3.3 Intermediate events ................................................................ 288
12.4.3.4 End event .............................................................................. 289
12.4.3.5 Event definitions ..................................................................... 290
12.4.4 Gateways .................................................................................... 296
12.4.4.1 Exclusive gateway ................................................................... 297
12.4.4.2 Exclusive gateway ................................................................... 297
12.4.4.3 Parallel gateway ...................................................................... 298
12.4.4.4 Complex gateway .................................................................... 298
12.4.4.5 Event-based gateways ............................................................. 299
12.4.5 Lanes ......................................................................................... 300
12.5 Collaboration ......................................................................................... 302
12.5.1 Pool and participant ...................................................................... 303
12.5.2 Object types and connection types reused from a process .................. 303
12.5.3 Message flow ............................................................................... 304
12.6 Conversation ......................................................................................... 304
12.6.1 Conversation container ................................................................. 305
12.6.2 Conversation nodes ...................................................................... 306
12.6.3 Participant................................................................................... 307
12.6.4 Artifacts ...................................................................................... 307
12.6.5 Conversation link ......................................................................... 308
12.6.6 Message flow in a conversation ...................................................... 309
12.6.7 Model assignments ....................................................................... 309
VI
Method
12.7 Enterprise BPMN collaboration diagram ...................................................... 310
13 Customer Experience Management (CXM) ........................................................... 311
13.1 Customer journey landscape .................................................................... 311
13.2 Customer journey map ............................................................................ 312
13.3 Customer touchpoint allocation diagram .................................................... 314
13.4 Customer touchpoint map ........................................................................ 315
13.5 Linking CXM and BPM .............................................................................. 316
13.5.1 Analysis capabilities ...................................................................... 317
13.5.1.1 Report ................................................................................... 317
13.5.1.2 Queries .................................................................................. 318
13.5.1.2.1 Get full customer journey overview ......................................... 318
13.5.1.2.2 Find customer touchpoints clustered by associated risk .............. 320
13.5.1.2.3 Find customer touchpoints clustered by associated ownership ..... 320
13.5.1.2.4 Find customer touchpoints clustered by associated channel ......... 321
13.5.1.2.5 Find risks and initiatives for all customer touchpoints ................. 321
13.5.1.2.6 Find risks and initiatives for bad customer touchpoints only ........ 322
13.5.1.2.7 Find all processes related to customer journeys ......................... 323
14 Use cases ....................................................................................................... 324
14.1 General company documentation .............................................................. 327
14.2 Database management/Data warehousing ................................................. 328
14.3 PC hardware and network management ..................................................... 329
14.4 Process cost management ....................................................................... 330
14.5 Quality management ............................................................................... 331
14.6 Reorganization measures ......................................................................... 332
14.7 SAP R/3 implementation .......................................................................... 333
14.8 Software development and implementation ................................................ 334
14.9 Knowledge management ......................................................................... 335
14.10 Workflow management ............................................................................ 336
15 Bibliography .................................................................................................... 337
15.1 General literature list .............................................................................. 337
15.2 Topic-related bibliography ........................................................................ 339
15.2.1 Unified Modeling Language in ARIS ................................................. 339
15.2.1.1 UML specification .................................................................... 339
15.2.1.2 Using UML .............................................................................. 339
15.2.1.3 UML and business process modeling ........................................... 339
15.2.2 Object Modeling Technique (OMT) .................................................. 339
15.2.3 Methods for knowledge management .............................................. 339
15.2.3.1 General knowledge management ............................................... 339
15.2.3.2 Using ARIS for knowledge management ..................................... 339
15.2.4 Balanced Scorecard method ........................................................... 340
15.2.5 IT City Planning ........................................................................... 340
15.2.6 Business process modeling ............................................................ 340
16 Index .................................................................................................................. i

VII
Method
List of figures

Figure 1: Business process model 4
Figure 2: Process model views 5
Figure 3: Views of a process model 6
Figure 4: Descriptions of an information system 8
Figure 5: ARIS concept 9
Figure 6: Example of a process chain diagram 12
Figure 7: Representation of the 'Verify customer inquiry' function 14
Figure 8: Function tree (extract) 15
Figure 9: Object-oriented function tree 16
Figure 10: Process-oriented function tree 17
Figure 11: Execution-oriented function tree 18
Figure 12: Y diagram 19
Figure 13: SAP® applications diagram 20
Figure 14: Objective diagram 21
Figure 15: Graphical representation of an application system type 22
Figure 16: Modular structure of an application system type 23
Figure 17: Graphical representation of an IT function type 23
Figure 18: Allocation of functions to application system types 24
Figure 19: Application system type configuration 24
Figure 20: Screen and list assignments 25
Figure 21: Graphical representation of the application system and the module 26
Figure 22: Assignment of application systems to their application system types 26
Figure 23: Different modular structure of two application systems of the same type 27
Figure 24: Assignment of application system types, program module types, and program
modules 27
Figure 25: Examples of entity types 30
Figure 26: Examples of attributes of the 'Customer' entity type 30
Figure 27: Example of a relationship type 31
Figure 28: Cardinalities of relationships between two entity types 32
Figure 29: Representation of cardinalities in the ERM 32
Figure 30: ERM for a bill of materials 33
Figure 31: Assignment of attributes in the ERM 33
Figure 32: Classification of customers 34
Figure 33: Generalization/Specialization 35
I