Aricidea (Allia) bryani, a New Species of Polychaete (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) from the Northern Gulf of Mexico

7 Pages·1996·4.2 MB·English

by  Gary R Gaston

GulfResearchReports,Vol.9,No.3,189-195,1996 ManuscriptreceivedSeptember5,1995;acceptedOctober9,1995
ARICIDEA (ALLIA) BRYANI, A NEW SPECIES OFPOLYCHAETE
(POLYCHAETA: PARAONIDAE)FROMTHENORTHERNGULFOFMEXICO
GaryR.Gaston*andJerryA.McLelland^
‘BiologyDepartment, UniversityofMississippi, University,Mississippi38677 USA
,
^InvertebrateZoologySection,GulfCoastResearchLaboratory,P.O.Box7000,
OceanSprings,Mississippi39566,USA
ABSTRACTAricideabryani,anewspeciesofpolychaele(Polychaeta:Paraonidae)belongingtothesubgenus
A//iaStrclzov1973,isdescribedfromshallowsubtidalsedimentsalongthenorthernshoreofMississippiSound,
anestuaryofthenorthernGulfofMexico.Thenewspeciesisdistinguishedfromothermembersofthesubgenus
bythepresenceoftubcrculatencuropodiallobesintheanterior15-20setigers,aciniformmedianantennathat
extendsposteriorlytosetigerthree,andbymodifiedncuropodialsetaethatareabruptlytaperedatmid-length,
butlackterminalaristae.
Introduction Taxonomy
FamilyParaonidaeCerruti,1909
Specimens of an undescribed species of Aricidea
GenusAricideaWebster,1879
Websterl879(subgenusA//inStielzov1973)werccoIlected
SubgenusAUiaStrelzov, 1973
near the historic Biloxi Lighthouse (Harrison County, Aricidea(AUia)bryani,newspecies
Mississippi) during January 1991 to April 1992. The
Figures1-4
collection site (type locality) was a shallow, subtidal,
mesohalinehabitatinwaterlesstitan2mdeep.Collections Synonym:Aricideacf.alisdairi(Gaston 1984,inpart).
weremadeadjacenttoafishingpierthatextendedseaward
fromanartificial,publicbeachonthenorthernshoreof
Mississippi Sound, an estuary of the northern Gulf of MaterialExamined
Mexico.
AricideaWebster, 1879, isone ofsix generainthe Type material. Northern Gulf of Mexico, Biloxi,
mm
familyParaonidaeCerruti,1909;theothersareParaonis, Mississippi (30®10’N, 88°53'50'’W). Holotype 22
Paraonides, Cirrophorous^ Levinsenia^ and Sabidius. length,1.0mmwidth(USNM172124),4paratypes(USNM
Based on the presence and characteristics of modified 172125),June30,1991;26paraiypesfromtwocollections
neuroselae, Strelzov (1973) proposed subdividing the made onMarch 28, 1991 (USNM 172126) and April 2,
genusAricideaintofoursubgeneraasfollows:Aricideas. 1992 (USNM 172127), shallow subUdal (0.5-1.0 m),
str; Aedicira Hartman, 1957; and twonew subgenera, sediment type: well-sorted fine sand; all type material
AUia and Acesia. Fauchald (1977) elevated Strelzov’s collectedbyK.Matulewski.
four subgenera to generic rank without giving specific Additionalmaterial, ApalacheeBay,FL(30®1.5’N,
reasons,andHartley(1981)correctedthesubgenusname 84®16.2'W):5specimenscollectedduringJuly1991,4.6m
ofAcestatoAcmira,sincetheformerwaspreoccupiedin depth,muddysand(83%sand); OysterBay,FL(30^.0’N,
thephylum Mollusca. Thetaxonomicschemeusedhere 84®17.2'W):4specimenscollectedduringJuly1991,2.1m
followsStrelzov(1973)andHartley(1981). depth,sandymud(57%silt-clay); MississippiSound,MS
Holoiypes,paraiypes, and additional material from (30®15.3’N,88°26.rW): 1 specimencollectedduringJuly
thetypelocalityaredepositedintheU.S.NationalMuseum 1991.4.9mdepth,sandymud(90%silt-clay); Chandeleur
of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM), Sound,LA(29®58.2'N,88°5l.rW):5specimenscollected
Washington,DC. Otherspecimensaredepositedinthe during July 1991, 2.4 m depth, muddy sediments
museumoftheGulfCoastResearchLaboratory(GCRL), (96% sill-clay); Terrebone Bay, LA (29“45.0’N,
OceanSprings,Mississippi,andinthepersonalcollections 90°15.0*W): 5specimenscollectedduringJuly1991,2.3m
oftheauthors. depth,muddysediments(95%silt-clay);CaracahuaBay,TX
189
GastonandMcLeixand
(28"37.6’N,96®22.5'W): 1specimencollectedduringJuly pubescentfringeextendingfrommidlengthtoterminusof
1991» 1.2 m depth, sandy mud (73% silt-clay); OffSt. shaft, forming sharp dp (Figure 4B); abruptly tapering
Peteisburg, FL (27^57’(X).4”N, 83<H)9’00.3”W) (USNM neuroseiae becoming more numerous in far-posterior
m
090223): 1 specimen collected during July 1976, 19 setigers(Figure3B),comprisingmostofsetaeinfascicles
depth, fine-very fine sand; Off St. Petersburg, FL nearthepygidium. Bodynarrowingatpygidiumtohalfits
(27‘>56’00.5”N, 83®27’29.6’’W) (USNM 090216): 1 postbranchialwidth. Pygidiumwithtwoventrolateraland
m
specimen collected during August 1977, 30 depth, oneventromedialanajcirri:ventromedialcirrusabouthalf
clayey,sandysilt;OffSt.Petersburg,FL(27’^52’30.5’’N, thelengthoftwolateralcirri(Figure 1C).
83®33’59.0”W) (USNM 090217); 1 specimen collected Variation.Themediananiemiagenerallyiscirriform,
duringAugust1977,34mdepth,clayey,sandysilt;OffSt. butantennaeofsome paraiypeshave a greater swelling
Petersburg, FL (27°57’28.8^’N, 83®42’29.2”W) (USNM nearthebasethanthatoftheholotype. Additionally,some
m
090218): 1 specimen collected during July 1976, 37 smxill(young)specimenshaveshort,tuberculateantennae
depth,silty-veryfinesand;OffApalachicola,FL(29°30’N, thatappeartobeinadevelopmentalstage.Specimensfrom
84®27'W)(USNM090219): 1 specimencollectedduring offshoreFloridahavesimilarnumbersofbranchiae,similar
m
July 1976,24 depth,medium-finesand. notopodialandneuropodiallobes,similarneurosetaeand
notosetae,butshorterantennaethanonotherspecimensof
DESCRimON A.hryani(tosetiger1inUSNM090216,090217,090218,
Based on holotype and paratype material. Body 090223;tomiddleofsetiger2inUSNM090219).
Remarks. Aricidea hryani^ n. sp., belongs to the
dorsoventrallyflattenedinbranchialregion,moiecylmdrical
fsubgenusAllia,whichcurrentlyhas17speciescharacterized
inpostbranchialregion. Prostomium triangular,bluntly
by the presence ofneurosetae thataremarkedly thicker
pointedanteriorly(Figure 1A). Nuchalslitsveryslender,
than corresponding notosetae. These characteristic
inconspicuous,directedanterolaterally. Medianantenna
cirrifonn,widestnearbase,extendingtoanterioredgeof neurosetaehaveabruptlytaperingshafts,withmoreabrupt
setiger 3 (Figure IB). Two smalleyes present, faintin tapering ‘mfarposteriorsegments. Aricidea (Aricidea)
preservedspecimens. Branchiaebeginningonsetiger4, fragilis,whichisthetypespeciesforthegenus,hassimilar
numbering25-33pairsonlargespecimens,14-18onvery neurosetaetospeciesofAricidea(AUia),bulkdistinguished
by the presence of pseudocompoimd (pseudoarticulate)
smjill specimens. Branchiae broad basaUy, tapering to
slender, bluntly pointed terminus; overlapping across neurosetaeinsomejXDsterwrsegmenls(seeHartman1957:317).
dorsum and perpendicular to body axis (Figures 1, 2). Althoughwewerenotabletoexaminetypespecimens,our
Branchiae subequal,exceptthoseoflastpair, whichare examinationofA.fragilis specimensfrom offshore North
similar inshape and smaller, about 2/3 length ofothers Carolina(USNM51181),fromFiversIslandnearBeaufort,
(Figures2D,4A). Ciliatedbandsoccurringacrossdorsum NorthCarolina,andfromPerdidoKey,Horida,revealedthat
between pairs of branchiae and on branchiae, but less all had the characteristic pseudocompound neurosetae in
We
developedinthelastpair(Figure4A)*Notopodialpostsetal posteriorsegments. arcinclined,therefore,toraaintainthe
lobesdigitateonseligers1and2(slightlylongeronsetiger subgenusAlliabasedonitsmodiftodseta!typeassetfoitliby
2), twiceas long on setiger 3 andthereafter, thinnerin Strelzov (1973). Aricidea (Aricidea)fragilis is otherwise
postbranchial region to pygidium (Figures 2, 3). distinguished fromA. hryaniby thepresenceofshort(not
Neuropodialpostsetallobestuberculatefromsetiger 1 to tuberculate)neuropodiallobestosctiger40(notto20),andby
aboutsetiger18,absentonseiiger20andthereafter(Figures itsshort,subulatemedianantenna,whichextendsatmostto
1,2,3). Notosetaeallthinandcapillary,numberingabout setiger2(Webster1879,Pettibone1965:129).
22-25perfascicleinprebranchialandbranchialregionand ComparativecharacteristicsofthespeciesofAricidea
about8-13perfascicleinpostbranchialregion.Neurosetae (Allia)aresummarizedinTable 1, FourspeciesofAllia,
number about 22-28 per fascicle in prebranchial and likeA. hryani, have neuropodial lobes and a ciiriform
branchialregionandabout35perfascicleinpostbranchial antennathatextendsposteriorlytoatleastsetiger3, but
region, stouter and somewhat shorter than notosetae in differfromthenewspeciesinthefollowingrespects: A.
prebranchialregionand anterior two-thirdsofbranchial ahranchiatalacksbranchiae; A.quadrilobatahasalong,
region(Figures 1,2);becomingthin,similartonotosetae filamentousantennaextendingtosetiger9,well-formed,
inposteriorthird ofbranchial region andposteriorly to digitate neuropodial lobes anteriorly, and biramous
about setiger 60 at which point fascicles include setae notopodialcirriinthebranchialregionoflargerspecimens;
abruptlytaperingataboutmidlengthwithpubescentfringe A.suecica(=A.nolani;Strelzov1973)hasmodifiedsetae
onseial shaftwhereabrupttapering occurs (Figure3C); withterminalaristaeonposteriorsegments;A.pseudanne
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e
NewSpeciesofParaonidPolychaete
TABLE
1
Species of Aricidea, subgenus Allia with some comparative morphological characteristics for specimens of
maximum size. IncludesdatafromHasan(1960),Pettibone(1963),Hartman(1965),Day(1967),Imajima(1973),
Strelzov (1973), Katzmann and Laubier (1975),Hartley (1984),and Gaston (1984).
Neuropodiallobes Antenna
Species . seentdigaetr type seentdigaetr bPraainrcshioafe
A.marianneKatzman Laubier, 1975 tuberculate 13 short,ovoid,digitatetip 0 12-19
A.bulbosaHartley, 1984 tuberculate 15 short,fusiform 0 21
A.albatrossaePettibone, 1957 tuberculate 12-25 short,subulate 0 26-30
A.hartmani(Strelzov,1968) tuberculate 12 short,conical-clavate 0-2 15-19
w/cerratophore
A.ramosaAnnenkova,1934 tuberculate 17 short,branched 1* 13-17
A.robertiHartley,1984 tuberculate 17 short,cylindrical 1 22-26
A.Claudia Laubier, 1967 tuberculate 9 basallyenlarged, 1 16
sharplyattenuatedtip
A.curvisetaDay, 1963 tuberculate 20 cirriform 1 44
A.bryanin.sp. tuberculate 18-20 cirriform 3 25-33
A.abranchiataHartman,1965 tuberculate 2-4 cirriform 4-7 0
A.suecicaEliason,1920 tuberculate 25 cirriform 5 30
A.pseudanneKatzmann&Laubier,1975 tuberculate 5-6 cirriform 5-6* 13
A.quadrilobataWebster&Benedict,1887 conical,fusiform 25 cirriform,slender 9 27
A.monieaeLaubier, 1967 absent cirriform 0 9
A facilisStrelzov, 1973 absent - short,club-shaped 0 9-15
A..pulchraStrelzov, 1973 absent - cirriform 1 18
A.alisdairiHasan,1960 absent - cirriform 2 43
A. Imajima, 1973 absent - long,clavate 2 20
*Basedonillustration
issmaller,hasanantennaextendingtosetigers5-6,only Ecology. Aricidea(Allia)bryaniwasabundantinthe
6-13pairsofbranchiae,andhasneuropodiallobesonlyon littoralzoneofMississippiSound. Specimensatthetype
thefirstsixsetigers. Twootherspeciesare similartoA. localityoccurredindensitiesof28-555/m’duringJanuary
bryanUbutaredistinguishedasfollows:A, robertihasa 1991 toApril 1992(Malulewski 1995). Sedimentsofthe
short,cylindrical antenna, fusiform notopodial postsetal area consisted primarily of well-sorted fine sand that
lobesonfirsttwosetigers(longerthanthoseofA.bryani)^ periodically contained considerable amounts of silt and
andneuropodiallobestoscliger\1\A.bulbosahasbulbous detritus.Mostpreservedspecimensofthenewspecieshad
posteriorbranchiae. a distinct corkscrew shape, and juveniles almost always
ThenewspecieswasoriginallydescribedasAricidea were green,possibly due to ingestedalgae. Adults were
(Allia)cf.alisdaribyGaston(1984),butnotallofGaston's whitish with an orange-brown stripe dorsally in some
specimensweredelenninedlobeA btyani.Somespecimens specimens. Presence ofsmall specimens in the monthly
.
had similar nolosetac and neurosetae toA. bryani, but collectionsatthetypelocalityled theauthorstoconclude
longernotopodiallobesinthefirsttwosetigersandeither that larval settlement occurred from January to March
shorterantennae(USNM090220,090222)orlongeranienna during 1991. Gnlylargespecimens(adults)werecollected
(USNM090221)thanA.bryaniAnotherspecimen(USNM duringthesummer. Specimensfromthetypelocalitywere
090215) had a short, clavate antenna (to setiger 1) and usuallyfilledwithingestedsandgrainsthatwerepackedin
pseudoariiculateneurosetaeintheposteriorregion. thefar-posteriorgut. Acombinationofthefilledgutandthe
191
GastonandMcLelland
Figure 1. Aricidea(AlUa)bryani,neyfspecies. A. Anteriorend,dorsalview. B. Anteriorend,lateralview. C. Pygidium
(holotype),dorsalview.D.Seligerl.£.Setiger3.Parapodiuminposteriorview,numberofsetaereducedforclarity.Scales:
A,B=0.5mm;C,D,E=:0.1mm.
192
NewSpeciesofParaontdPolychaete
Figure2.Aricidea(Allia)bryani,newspecies.Representativebranchialparapodia,posteriorviews,numberofsetaereduced
forclarity. A. Setiger6. B. Setiger9. C. Setiger16. D. Setter29. Scale=0.1mm.
193
GastonandMcLelland
thinbody wallresultedinlossofthefar-posteriorregion uptake,andmayhelpkeepthebodysurfacefreeofdebris,
andpygidiumofmostspecimeasduringsamplepreparation. Similar bands were evident in scanning electron
Aricidea (Allia) bryani was one of over 40 species of micrographs of Aricidea roberti and Aricidea suecica
polychaetesthatinhabitedthetypelocality. (Hartley 1984).
Ciliatedbandsacrossthedorsumandonthebranchiae Etymology. ThespeciesisnamedinhonorofBryan
(Figure4A)probablyfunctioninmotility,enhanceoxygen DeaverGaston,sonoftheseniorauthor.
Figure3. Aricidea(Allia)bryani^newspecies. Representativepostbranchialparapodia,anteriorviews,numberofsetae
reducedforclarity. A.Setiger37.B.SetigerllS.C.Detailofneurosetafromsetiger118.Scales:A,B=:0.1mm;C=0.05mm.
194
NewSpeciesofParaonidPolychaete
Acknowledgments A
WegratefullyacknowledgeKennethMatulewski,who
collectedthetypematerialandhydrographicdataaspartofhis
M.S.degreeresearchandwhocontributedtoanearlierversion
oftliismanuscript WealsothankRobertAllen(GCRL)for
conductingthescanningelectronmiciuscopeworkandtaking
M
thephotographsandCarol Cleveland(UM)forreviewing
the manuscript Weare grateful toDr. KristianFauchald
(USNM,SmithsonianInstitution)forlendingspecimensfor
review. SpecimenscollectedduringJulytoAugust1991were
provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessmentProgram(EMAP).
Specimenscollectedduring1976and1977wereprovidedby
theU.S DepartmentoftheInteriorBLMMoniloringProgram
.
(Gaston1984).
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