Argumentative Essay All L essons Welcome toTenMarksWriting! Thisdocument includesallof the lessons for the ArgumentativeUnit.Usethe ResourcesGuide tohelp you select and sequence the lessons for your students. Freewrite IntroductiontoFreewriting 2 Prewrite ChoosingTopicsforArgumentativeEssays 7 ReasonstoSupportanArgument 11 IntroductiontoEvidence 15 IntroductiontoResearchingRelevantEvidence 21 IntroductiontoEvaluatingSources 25 EvaluatingSources 31 ResearchingRelevantEvidence 36 OrganizingEvidenceintoanOutline 42 ThesisStatementsforArgumentativeEssays 47 Draft ArgumentativeEssayinaDay 54 ArgumentativeEssayIntroductions 57 Hooks:EngagetheReader 65 BackgroundInformationforArgument 70 IntroductiontoDraftingSupportingParagraphs 78 EffectiveTopicSentences 83 DraftingSupportingParagraphs 85 ConclusionsforArgumentativeEssays 90 CitingReferences 96 Revise & Edit RevisingwithARMS 102 EditingwithCAPS 109 Publish PlanningtoPublish 114 One Paragraph Lessons ArgumentativeParagraph:ReasonsandEvidence 118 DraftinganArgumentativeParagraph 123 RevisingandEditing 129 ParagraphinaDay:ArgumentativeWriting 139 ArgumentativeEssay ©TenMarks Education, LLC 1 AllLessons www.tenmarks.com Introduction to Freewriting Lesson Plan Learning Objective Students will be able to freewrite in response to a prompt. Note: Use this lesson to build students’ confidence and fluency in writing and reduce self-censorship. It can also serve as an introduction to Bursts, where students can freewrite independently. Suggested Time 30 minutes Supporting Materials ● Freewrite Anchor Chart ● Optional: Freewrite Sample Technology Used Students: TenMarks Bursts (Freewrite) Teacher: Demo Student account Name the Focus (1 minute) Tell students that they will learn a strategy called freewrite, which writers use to generate ideas or begin writing again when they are stuck. Connection (3 minutes) Pose the following questions to the class. Have students cheer if their answer is yes. ● Have you ever struggled to start writing? ● Have you ever gotten stuck in the middle of writing something? ● Have you ever erased or crossed out huge blocks of your writing? ● Have you ever gotten side-tracked or distracted while you write? Instruction (5 minutes) Explain Tell students that these roadblocks are common to all writers, even professionals. One way to overcome these roadblocks is by freewriting or writing whatever comes into their mind without thinking too much about it. Emphasize that freewriting isn’t evaluated or graded by anyone, not even teachers. Model Log in to TenMarks Writing and go to the Demo Student account. Click on the Burst Topics tab. Select a Freewrite prompt from the menu, such as “Do you like breakfast or dinner better? Explain.” Introduction to Freewriting ©TenMarks Education, LLC 2 TenMarks Writing www.tenmarks.com Tell students that you will freewrite for two minutes. You will write whatever comes into your head about the prompt without worrying about the best answer or the right words. You’re ignoring your self-censor. Set a timer and think out loud about the topic, writing down everything you are saying. Make sure to model several dos and don’ts listed on the Freewrite Anchor Chart, such as: ● Getting stuck or writing nonsense, and then getting back to your topic ● Deleting and writing down that you are not supposed to delete ● Misspelling and writing down that you want to fix the spelling, but it’s okay—you’re writing fast When the timer goes off, write one sentence that brings your ideas back to your topic. Note: Students benefit from seeing you make mistakes and keep going. See the Freewrite Sample for how the writing may look after you are done. Application (17 minutes) Practice Have students log in to TenMarks Writing and go to the Bursts prompts menu. Have them go to the Bursts Topic tab and choose the same prompt, such as “Are you a morning person or a night person?” Set a timer and have students write for five minutes. Circulate and encourage students to follow the norms of freewriting. Note: If you do not have enough computers, have students write in a freewriting notebook. Discuss (Partners) Have students read their freewriting aloud to a partner. Have the partner share a compliment and then have them switch roles. Note: At first, students may be uncomfortable sharing writing that has mistakes. It is important to build their comfort soliciting peer feedback on their writing projects at all stages. Practice Have students choose another prompt, such as “What superpower would you most like to have? Why?” Have them again write for five minutes and then share with a partner. Circulate and conference. If Students Then Stop writing or hesitate Remind them to keep going and that, if they can’t think of anything, they can write a word from the prompt several times and try to free associate to help themselves get started again. Focus on spelling or grammar, asking Remind them that spelling and grammar don’t matter. They should how to spell words or trying to fix them keep going. Delete or backspace a lot Suggest that they pretend that the Delete or Backspace buttons don’t exist, or give students a piece of tape to put on their Delete and Backspace keys as a physical reminder not to use that key. Finish early Tell them there’s no such thing as finishing early with freewriting; the idea is to write as many ideas as possible. Give them a sentence starter based on the prompt. Introduction to Freewriting ©TenMarks Education, LLC 3 TenMarks Writing www.tenmarks.com Closure (4 minutes) Discuss (Group) Ask the class to popcorn their ideas about how it felt to freewrite: ● What did you like about it? ● What was tricky? ● When might you want to use freewriting? Encourage the observation that freewriting can get your thoughts flowing if you’re stuck and don’t know what to write. Let them know they can freewrite anytime they like using Bursts or in a notebook. Introduction to Freewriting ©TenMarks Education, LLC 4 TenMarks Writing www.tenmarks.com Freewrite Anchor Chart DOs DON’Ts ● Write for at least five minutes. Set a timer ● Don’t stop writing! or use a clock to keep track. ● Don’t try to fix spelling ● Just start! Write as much as you can, as or grammar. fast as you can. ● Don’t judge your ideas or worry whether ● KEEP GOING! If you get stuck, use a they are “good.” word from the prompt to get ● Don’t delete or cross out. started again. ● Let your thoughts flow. Write whatever comes into your head, even if it is off topic. ● At the end, write one last sentence that brings your thoughts back to the topic. Introduction to Freewriting ©TenMarks Education, LLC 5 TenMarks Writing www.tenmarks.com Freewrite Sample Prompt: Do you like breakfast or dinner better? Explain. I like dinner, because I don’t have a lot of time to eat in the morning. It is hard to get up and make fod that without now I lost my train of thougth because I wanted to fix my spelling mistake. But I’m supposed to keep going. So I will talk about dinner angain. That - ah, this is hard. Not supposed to delete. I like dinner because more of the food I really like to eat is dinner food. Breakfast food is more limited, like cereal or toast or oatmeal I guess that’s a kn kind of cereal. Too. Dinner. Dinner. Dinner. Dinner. Dinner is good because there is italian food or chinese food or sushi or lots of different things to eat. And I like to cookf or people and it is hard to have people over for breakfast. It is better to eat dinner with friends than sit around eating bowls of cereal toge4ther. At least that’s what I think. And now I’m stuck again. Dinner. Dinner is my favoirate meal of the day. I also don’t really love lunch, except at work because by lunchtime I’m pretty hungry and want to eat. When I get home, then I get to relax and eat and cook, well, really cook, then eat. It is fun to make a meal together with my family and then sometimes we sit around the table and have it or we might eat in the living room. DINNER IS THE MEAL I LIKE BEST IN THE DAY. Introduction to Freewriting ©TenMarks Education, LLC 6 TenMarks Writing www.tenmarks.com Choosing Topics for Argumentative Essays Lesson Plan Learning Objective Students will be able to generate topics for their argumentative essays. Suggested Time 30 minutes Supporting Materials ● Strong Topics Activity Sheet ● Strong Topics Activity Sheet Sample Technology Used Students: TenMarks Writing Project (Prewrite Stage) Teacher: None Name the Focus (1 minute) Tell students that they will generate a strong topic for their own argumentative essays. Freewrite (5 minutes) Prompt If you lived during the American Revolution, would you have joined the Boston Tea Party? Explain your point of view. Look for: Clear points of view and ideas supported with reasons and evidence Note: If students are not currently studying (or have not studied) the American Revolution, pose a different binary prompt that applies to what they are studying now or select a prompt that applies to a current event. Instruction (7 minutes) Explain Tell students that good argumentative writing presents a clear point of view about a topic. Write the word argumentative on the board and underline argu. Tell students that they can argue about an argumentative topic and come up with relevant supporting reasons and evidence to convince people they are trying to persuade. Model Think aloud that you are going to brainstorm several topics that you care about and have a point of view on. Project the Strong Topics Activity Sheet. Then read aloud the column headers: “Topic I Care About” and “Position on the Topic.” Remind students that their topics should be something that others can disagree with. They should have to prove their point of view. Choosing Topics for Argumentative Essays ©TenMarks Education, LLC 7 Argumentative Writing www.tenmarks.com Explain that you are going to brainstorm as many topics as you can and that you might have multiple positions on a single topic. Remind students about the norms of brainstorming: Generate many ideas, build on ideas, and no self-censoring. Note: If you are having students select a topic or prompt in TenMarks Writing, you may want to model logging in to the Demo Student Account in TenMarks Writing to select a prompt. Application (14 minutes) Practice Distribute the Strong Topics Activity Sheet. Have students brainstorm several topics and corresponding positions on those topics. Circulate and conference as students brainstorm. Once students finish brainstorming, have them select a prompt listed in TenMarks Writing or enter their own topic. If Students Then Struggle to generate a strong topic Have students think of a content area or personal interest that they care about and develop a yes or no question about that topic. For example: ● Should the United States move away from fossil fuels? ● Should downloading music be a crime? Come up with a topic that Ask students to say the most important point they want to make. is too broad Ask them to defend their point to someone who disagrees. Help students determine if this topic is more about giving the audience information or presenting a point of view. Finish early Have students select one topic and brainstorm three different positions on it. Encourage them to address the topic from different angles. Are ready for a challenge Ask students to think about the people who will have the strongest opinions on their topic, both for it and against it. Have students consider how they might adjust their position to make it the most persuasive to readers with strong opinions on the topic. Closure (3 minutes) Share Out Have two to three students share their selected topics with the class and explain their reasons for choosing those topics. Choosing Topics for Argumentative Essays ©TenMarks Education, LLC 8 Argumentative Writing www.tenmarks.com Strong Topics Activity Sheet Topic I Care about Position on the Topic Choosing Topics for Argumentative Essays ©TenMarks Education, LLC 9 Argumentative Writing www.tenmarks.com Strong Topics Activity Sheet Sample Topic I Care about Position on the Topic You should not judge people by what they wear. Fashion gives people a way to be able to express themselves. Fashion We should not use plastic bags. Cities should start using more renewable energy. The Environment People should save water. Kids should not be allowed to play dangerous sports, like football or boxing. Sports School days should start later for middle school students. Students should be able to grade their teachers. School Choosing Topics for Argumentative Essays ©TenMarks Education, LLC 10 Argumentative Writing www.tenmarks.com
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