Argument licensing and agreement PDF
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“00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page i — #1 Argument Licensing and Agreement “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page ii — #2 OxfordStudiesinComparativeSyntax RichardKayne,GeneralEditor MovementandSilence Locality RichardS.Kayne EditedbyIanRobertsandEnochAboh RestructuringandFunctionalHeads: AspectsofSplitErgativity heCartographyofSyntacticStructures, JessicaCoon Volume4 AComparativeGrammarofBorgomanerese GuglielmoCinque ChristinaTortora Scrambling,RemnantMovementand Cross-LinguisticStudiesofImpostersand RestructuringinWestGermanic PronominalAgreement RolandHinterhölzl EditedbyChrisCollins heSyntaxofEllipsis:EvidencefromDutch JapaneseSyntaxinComparative Dialects Perspective JeroenvanCraenenbroeck EditedbyMamoruSaito MappingtheLeftPeriphery:he Micro-SyntacticVariationinNorth CartographyofSyntacticStructures, AmericanEnglish Volume5 EditedbyRaffaellaZanuttiniand EditedbyPaolaBenincàand LaurenceR.Horn NicolaMunaro FunctionalStructurefromToptoToe:he MappingSpatialPPs:heCartographyof CartographyofSyntacticStructures, SyntacticStructures,Volume6 Volume9 EditedbyGuglielmoCinqueand EditedbyPeterSvenonius LuigiRizzi ChineseSyntaxinaCross-linguistic heGrammarofQ:Q-Particles, Perspective Wh-Movement,andPied-Piping EditedbyEditedbyY.-H.AudreyLi, SethCable AndrewSimpson,andW.-T.DylanTsai ComparisonsandContrasts heArchitectureofDeterminers RichardS.Kayne homasLeu Discourse-RelatedFeaturesand BeyondFunctionalSequence:he FunctionalProjections CartographyofSyntacticStructures, SilvioCruschina Volume10 FunctionalHeads:heCartographyof EditedbyUrShlonsky SyntacticStructures,Volume7 heCartographyofChineseSyntax: EditedbyLauraBrugé, heCartographyofSyntacticStructures, AnnaCardinaletti,GiulianaGiusti, Volume11 NicolaMunaro,CeciliaPoletto EditedbyWei-TienDylanTsai AdverbialClauses,MainClause ArgumentLicensingandAgreement PhenomenaandCompositionoftheLeft ClaireHalpert Periphery:heCartographyofSyntactic Structures,Volume8 LilianeHaegeman VariationinDatives EditedbyBeatrizFernándezand RicardoEtxepare “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page iii — #3 Argument Licensing and Agreement Claire Halpert 1 “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page iv — #4 1 OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityof Oxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch, scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwide. Oxford NewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withoicesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore SouthKorea Switzerland hailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress intheUKandincertainothercountries. PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaby OxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016 ©OxfordUniversityPress2016 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withouttheprior permissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw, bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization. Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttothe RightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove. Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer. Cataloging-in-PublicationDataisonileattheLibraryofCongress. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Halpert,Claire. Argumentlicensingandagreement/ClaireHalpert. pagescm.–(OxfordStudiesinComparativeSyntax) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–0–19–025648–7(pbk.:alk.paper)–ISBN978–0–19–025647–0(hardcover:alk. paper) 1. Zululanguage–Grammar,Comparative–Bantu. 2. Bantulanguage–Grammar, Comparative–Zulu. 3. Zululanguage–Syntax. 4. Zululanguage–Agreement. I. Title. PL8842.H352015 496′.39865–dc23 2015008116 ISBN 978–0–19–025647–0(hbk); ISBN 978–0–19–025648–7(pbk) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica onacid-freepaper “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page v — #5 forDan “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page vi — #6 “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page vii — #7 CONTENTS ListofTables xi Acknowledgments xiii ListofAbbreviations xv 1.Introduction 1 1.1. BantuExceptionalism:WhatVaries,andWhy? 1 1.2. FamiliarityintheUnfamiliar:InsightsonSyntaxand Variation 4 1.3. ANoteonZulu 8 2.A-movementandPhi 10 2.1. AnatomyofaNominal 11 2.2.FlexibleWordOrder 12 2.3.SubjectsandAgreement 14 2.3.1. PropertiesofvP-externalSubjects 16 2.3.2.PropertiesofvP-internalSubjects 22 2.3.3.OptionalityforSubjects 28 2.4.RaisingConstructionsinZulu 30 2.4.1. Raising-to-subject 30 2.4.2.Raising-to-object 41 2.5.BeyondSubjectDistribution:AddingArguments 44 2.6.Summary 53 3.UncoveringArgumentLicensing 54 3.1. NominalDistributionandCaseheoryinBantu 55 3.1.1. heProileofAbstractCase 56 3.1.2. AgainstStandardCaseheoryinBantu 60 3.2.AugmentlessNominals 65 3.2.1. heDistributionofAugmentlessNominals 66 3.3.AugmentlessNominalLicensing 72 3.3.1. hevP-internalRestrictiononAugmentless Nominals 73 “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page viii — #8 3.3.2.AugmentlessNominalswithinvP 78 3.3.3.Summary 89 3.4.AugmentlessNominalsandtheCaseforCase:A Cross-linguisticComparison 90 3.4.1. RevisitingtheQuestionofCaseinBantu 91 3.4.2.RestrictingAugmentlessNominalswithoutCase? 94 3.4.3.CluesfromtheBroaderBantuLandscape 101 3.5.AugmentlessNominalsasBareNegativeNPs? 111 3.5.1. SyntacticLicensingofNegativeIndeinites 112 3.6.SummarizingtheCaseforCase 116 4.LicensingandvP 118 4.1. Introduction 118 4.2.heConjoint/DisjointAlternation:BasicDistribution 120 4.2.1. heConjoint/DisjointAlternationandArgumentPosition 123 4.2.2.heConjoint/DisjointAlternationwithLocativesand Adverbs 126 4.2.3.DiagnosticsforvPEdge 128 4.2.4.AgainstaProsodicAccountoftheConjoint/Disjoint Alternation 134 4.2.5.heConjoint/DisjointAlternationasaMarkerofSyntactic Constituency 137 4.3.AFamiliarSignature 140 4.3.1. AsymmetricProbe–GoalRelationships 143 4.4.heNatureofLasaProbe 146 4.4.1. heConjoint/DisjointAlternationandClausal Complements 147 4.4.2.heNatureofLocativeandAdverbCategories 157 4.4.3.heSelectivenessofL 160 4.4.4.Summary 163 4.5.MovementandtheTimingoftheDerivation 163 4.5.1. ActivityandtheLackofOptionality 169 4.6.InvestigatingLandCase:CluesfromOtjiherero 174 5.CaseMorphologyinZuluandBeyond 178 5.1. CaseClassiication 179 5.2.StructuralLicensing:Recap 184 5.3.ZuluNominalPreixesandLicensing 185 5.3.1. ClassiicationofObliquePreixes 186 5.3.2.StructuralRestrictionsonObliques 190 5.3.3.CaseMorphologyinZulu 195 5.4.heAugmentandtheRoleofCaseMorphology inZulu 197 [viii] Contents “00_Halpert_Pre” — 2015/8/24 — 14:44 — page ix — #9 5.5.CaseandAgreementInteractions 204 5.5.1. OnAgreeableness 204 5.5.2.TimingofAgreementandCase 206 5.5.3.heStatusofAugment-permittingPreixes 209 5.5.4.CaseConcord? 212 5.6.ExaminingtheAugmentinsideDP 217 5.6.1. AugmentlessnominalsattheNPlevel 217 5.6.2.DP-levelprocesses 220 5.7.Conclusion 228 6.OptionalAgreementandOtherConsequences 229 6.1. SubjectAgreement:RuleandExceptions 231 6.1.1. ComplexNPSubjects 232 6.1.2. RaisedSubjects 234 6.1.3. TallyingtheScore 242 6.2.UnderstandingOptionalAgreement 242 6.2.1. ClausalAgreement 243 6.2.2.ComplexNPSubjects 245 6.2.3.RaisedSubjects 250 6.3.EPPInsights 256 6.3.1. ExoticCasesofRaising:EnglishandGreek 259 6.4.Conclusion 262 7.VariationintheSyntacticLandscape 264 7.1. AccountingforZulu 264 7.2.MoralsforSyntacticheory 269 7.2.1. ZuluandtheOrganizationoftheGrammar 269 7.2.2.SomeFinalhoughts:ZuluandtheNatureofSyntactic Variation 274 Bibliography 279 Index 291 CONTENTS [ix]
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